Ch. 9 Anatomic Terms

Question 0

steroid hormones

Answer 0

hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex

Question 1

adrenal glands; suprarenal glands

Answer 1

located on the superior surface of each kidney; adrenal cortex secretes steroid hormones, and adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 2

glucocorticoids

Answer 2

regulate carbohydrate metabolism and have anti-inflammatory effects; cortisol is the most significant glucocorticoid

Question 3

mineral corticosteroids

Answer 3

maintain salt/water balance

Question 4

androgens

Answer 4

influences the development of male sex characteristics

Question 5

catecholamines

Answer 5

hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla that affect the sympathetic nervous system in stress response

Question 6

epinephrine, adrenaline

Answer 6

secreted in response to fear or physical injury

Question 7

norepinephrine

Answer 7

secreted in response to hypotension and physical stress

Question 8

ovaries

Answer 8

female sex organs that secret estrogen and progesterone

Question 9

estrogen

Answer 9

hormone responsible for development of female secondary sex characteristics

Question 10

progesterone

Answer 10

regulates uterine conditions during pregnancy

Question 11

islets of Langerhans of the pancreas

Answer 11

endocrine tissue within the pancreas that secretes insulin and glucagon

Question 12

insulin

Answer 12

hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas that regulates glucose metabolism (insulin = island)

Question 13

glucagon

Answer 13

hormone secreted by alpha cells of the pancreas that regulates carbohydrate metabolism by raising blood sugar

Question 14

parathyroid gland

Answer 14

two paired glands located on the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland in the neck; secrete parathyroid hormone

Question 15

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer 15

regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism

Question 16

pineal gland

Answer 16

located in the center of the brain; secretes melatonin and serotonin

Question 17

melatonin

Answer 17

exact function unknown; affects the onset of puberty

Question 18

serotonin

Answer 18

a neurotransmitter that serves as the precursor to melatonin

Question 19

pituitary gland; hypophysis

Answer 19

located at the base of the brain; a master gland that secretes hormones that regulate the function of other glands; anterior pituitary secretes various gland-stimulating hormones; posterior pituitary secretes antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin

Question 20

anterior pituitary; adenohypophysis

Answer 20

anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Question 21

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer 21

stimulates the thyroid gland

Question 22

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer 22

stimulates secretion from adrenal cortex

Question 23

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 23

initiates the growth of ovarian follicle; stimulates secretion of estrogen in females and production of sperm in males

Question 24

luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer 24

causes ovulation; stimulates secretion of progesterone by the corpus luteum; causes the secretion of testosterone in the testes

Question 25

melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

Answer 25

affects skin pigmentation

Question 26

growth hormone (GH)

Answer 26

influences growth

Question 27

prolactin; lactogenic hormone

Answer 27

stimulates breast development and milk production during pregnancy

Question 28

posterior pituitary; neurohypophysis

Answer 28

posterior lobe of the pituitary

Question 29

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer 29

influences the absorption of water by kidney tubules

Question 30

oxytocin

Answer 30

influences uterine contraction

Question 31

testes

Answer 31

secretes testosterone

Question 32

testosterone

Answer 32

affects masculination and reproduction

Question 33

thymus gland

Answer 33

located in the mediastinal cavity anterior to and above the heart; secretes thymosin

Question 34

thymosin

Answer 34

regulates immune response

Question 35

thyroid gland

Answer 35

located in front of the neck; secretes triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and calcitonin

Question 36

triiodothyronine (T3) & thyroxine (T4)

Answer 36

known as the thyroid hormones; regulate metabolism

Question 37

calcitonin

Answer 37

regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism