Ch. 9 Anatomic Terms Flashcards
steroid hormones
hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex
adrenal glands; suprarenal glands
located on the superior surface of each kidney; adrenal cortex secretes steroid hormones, and adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
glucocorticoids
regulate carbohydrate metabolism and have anti-inflammatory effects; cortisol is the most significant glucocorticoid
mineral corticosteroids
maintain salt/water balance
androgens
influences the development of male sex characteristics
catecholamines
hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla that affect the sympathetic nervous system in stress response
epinephrine, adrenaline
secreted in response to fear or physical injury
norepinephrine
secreted in response to hypotension and physical stress
ovaries
female sex organs that secret estrogen and progesterone
estrogen
hormone responsible for development of female secondary sex characteristics
progesterone
regulates uterine conditions during pregnancy
islets of Langerhans of the pancreas
endocrine tissue within the pancreas that secretes insulin and glucagon
insulin
hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas that regulates glucose metabolism (insulin = island)
glucagon
hormone secreted by alpha cells of the pancreas that regulates carbohydrate metabolism by raising blood sugar
parathyroid gland
two paired glands located on the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland in the neck; secrete parathyroid hormone
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism
pineal gland
located in the center of the brain; secretes melatonin and serotonin
melatonin
exact function unknown; affects the onset of puberty
serotonin
a neurotransmitter that serves as the precursor to melatonin
pituitary gland; hypophysis
located at the base of the brain; a master gland that secretes hormones that regulate the function of other glands; anterior pituitary secretes various gland-stimulating hormones; posterior pituitary secretes antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin
anterior pituitary; adenohypophysis
anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
stimulates the thyroid gland
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
stimulates secretion from adrenal cortex
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
initiates the growth of ovarian follicle; stimulates secretion of estrogen in females and production of sperm in males
luteinizing hormone (LH)
causes ovulation; stimulates secretion of progesterone by the corpus luteum; causes the secretion of testosterone in the testes
melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
affects skin pigmentation
growth hormone (GH)
influences growth
prolactin; lactogenic hormone
stimulates breast development and milk production during pregnancy
posterior pituitary; neurohypophysis
posterior lobe of the pituitary
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
influences the absorption of water by kidney tubules
oxytocin
influences uterine contraction
testes
secretes testosterone
testosterone
affects masculination and reproduction
thymus gland
located in the mediastinal cavity anterior to and above the heart; secretes thymosin
thymosin
regulates immune response
thyroid gland
located in front of the neck; secretes triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and calcitonin
triiodothyronine (T3) & thyroxine (T4)
known as the thyroid hormones; regulate metabolism
calcitonin
regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism
