Ch. 12 Anatomic Terms

Question 1

oral cavity, mouth

Answer 1

cavity that receives food for digestion

Question 2

salivary glands

Answer 2

three pairs of exocrine glands in the mouth that secrete saliva: the parotid, the submandibular, and the sublingual glands

Question 3

cheeks

Answer 3

lateral walls of the mouth

Question 4

lips

Answer 4

fleshy structures surrounding the mouth

Question 5

palate

Answer 5

structure that forms the roof of the mouth; hard and soft palate

Question 6

uvula

Answer 6

small projection hanging from the back middle edge of the soft palate

Question 7

tongue

Answer 7

muscular structure of the floor of the mouth covered by mucous membrane and secured by the frenulum

Question 8

gums

Answer 8

tissue covering the processes of the jaws

Question 9

teeth

Answer 9

hard, bony projections in the jaws for masticating food

Question 10

pharynx

Answer 10

throat

Question 11

esophagus

Answer 11

muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach

Question 12

stomach

Answer 12

organ that chemically and mechanically prepares food for digestion

Question 13

cardiac sphincter

Answer 13

opening from the esophagus to the stomach

Question 14

pyloric sphincter

Answer 14

opening from the stomach into the duodenum

Question 15

small intestine

Answer 15

smaller tubular structure that digests food received from the stomach

Question 16

duodenum

Answer 16

first portion of the small intestine

Question 17

jejunum

Answer 17

second portion of the small intestine

Question 18

ileum

Answer 18

third portion of the small intestine

Question 19

large intestine

Answer 19

larger tubular structure that receives liquid waste products from digestion, reabsorbs water and minerals, and forms and stores feces for defecation

Question 20

cecum

Answer 20

first part of the large intestine

Question 21

vermiform appendix

Answer 21

worm-like projection of lymphatic tissue hanging off the cecum with no digestive function (vermi = worm)

Question 22

colon

Answer 22

portions of the large intestine extending from the cecum to the rectum; identified by direction or shape

Question 23

ascending colon

Answer 23

portion of the colon that extends upward from the cecum

Question 24

transverse colon

Answer 24

portion of the colon that extends across from the ascending colon

Question 25

descending colon

Answer 25

portion of the colon that extends downward from the transverse colon

Question 26

sigmoid colon

Answer 26

portion of the colon (resembling an “S” shape) that terminates at the rectum

Question 27

rectum

Answer 27

distal portion of the large intestine

Question 28

rectal ampulla

Answer 28

dilated portion of the rectum just above the anal canal

Question 29

anus

Answer 29

opening of the rectum to the outside of the body

Question 30

feces

Answer 30

waste formed by the absorption of water in the large intestine; usually solid

Question 31

defecation

Answer 31

evacuation of feces from the rectum

Question 32

peritoneum

Answer 32

membrane surrounding the entire abdominal cavity, consisting of a parietal and a visceral layer

Question 33

peritoneal cavity

Answer 33

space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum

Question 34

omentum

Answer 34

an extension of the peritoneum attached to the stomach and connecting it with other abdominal organs

Question 35

liver

Answer 35

organ in the upper right quadrant that produces bile, which is secreted into the duodenum during digestion

Question 36

gallbladder

Answer 36

receptacle that stores and concentrates the bile produced in the liver

Question 37

pancreas

Answer 37

gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum, where it mixes with bile to digest food

Question 38

biliary ducts

Answer 38

ducts that convey bile; include the hepatic, cystic, and common bile ducts