Ch. 12 Diagnostic Tests & Procedures

Question 1

biopsy (Bx)

Answer 1

removal and microscopic study of tissue for pathological examination

Question 2

incisional biopsy

Answer 2

removal of a portion of a lesion

Question 3

excisional biopsy

Answer 3

removal of an entire lesion

Question 4

needle biopsy

Answer 4

percutaneous removal of tissue or fluid using a special, hollow needle (e.g., for liver biopsy)

Question 5

endoscopy

Answer 5

examination within a body cavity with a flexible endoscope for diagnosis or treatment; used in the gastrointestinal tract to detect abnormalities and to perform procedures such as biopsy, excision of lesions, and therapeutic interventions

Question 6

colonoscopy

Answer 6

examination of the colon using a flexible colonscope

Question 7

proctoscopy

Answer 7

examination of the rectum and anus with a proctoscope

Question 8

sigmoidoscopy

Answer 8

examination of the sigmoid colon with a rigid or flexible sigmoidoscope

Question 9

esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

Answer 9

examination of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum with a flexible endoscope

Question 10

capsule endoscopy

Answer 10

examination of the small intestine made by a tiny video camera placed inside a capsule and then swallowed

Question 11

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

Answer 11

endoscopic procedure including x-ray fluoroscopy to examine the ducts of the liver, gallbladder, biliary ducts, and pancreas

Question 12

laparoscopy

Answer 12

examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope for diagnostic purposes and/or to perform surgery

Question 13

upper gastrointestinal (GI) series

Answer 13

x-ray of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum after the patient has swallowed a contrast medium

Question 14

barium swallow

Answer 14

x-ray of the esophagus only

Question 15

fluoroscopy

Answer 15

x-ray imaging with a fluorescent screen to visualize structures in motion (e.g., during a barium swallow)

Question 16

small bowel series

Answer 16

x-ray examination of the small intestine; generally done in conjunction with an upper GI series

Question 17

lower gastrointestinal (GI) series; barium enema

Answer 17

x-ray imaging of the colon after administration of an enema containing a contrast medium

Question 18

cholangiogram

Answer 18

x-ray image of the bile ducts; often performed during surgery

Question 19

cholecystogram

Answer 19

x-ray image of the gallbladder obtained after oral ingestion of iodine

Question 20

abdominal sonogram

Answer 20

ultrasound image of the abdomen to detect disease or deformity in organs and vascular structures

Question 21

endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)

Answer 21

images produced using a sonographic transducer within an endoscope to evaluate abnormalities of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tracts and adjacent structures; also used to guide needle biopsy of tissue and in determining the stage of a malignancy

Question 22

stool culture & sensitivity (C&S)

Answer 22

isolation of a stool specimen in a culture medium to identify disease-causing organisms; if organisms are present, the drugs to which they are sensitive are listed

Question 23

stool occult blood study

Answer 23

chemical test of a stool specimen to detect the presence of blood; positive findings indicate bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract