Ch. 8 Diagnostic Terms Flashcards

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0
Q

astereognosis

A

inability to judge the form of an object by touch

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1
Q

agnosia

A

loss of neurologic function involving interpretation of sensory information

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2
Q

atopognosis

A

inability to locate a sensation properly

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3
Q

Alzheimer disease

A

disease of structural changes to the brain resulting in deterioration that progresses from forgetfulness to loss of all intellectual functions, total disability and death

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4
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

A

progressive deterioration of motor nerve cells resulting in total loss of voluntary muscle control; aka Lou Gehrig disease

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5
Q

cerebral palsy (CP)

A

condition of motor dysfunction caused by damage to the cerebrum during development or injury at birth

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6
Q

cerebrovascular disease

A

disorder resulting from a change within one or more blood vessels of the brain

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7
Q

cerebral arteriosclerosis

A

hardening of the arteries in the brain

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8
Q

cerebral atherosclerosis

A

condition of lipid buildup in the arteries of the brain

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9
Q

cerebral aneurysm

A

dilation of a blood vessel in the brain (aneurysm = dilation or widening)

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10
Q

cerebral thrombosis

A

blood clot in a blood vessel of the brain

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11
Q

cerebral embolism

A

obstruction of a blood vessel in the brain transported through the circulation

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12
Q

cerebrovascular accident (CVA); stroke

A

damage to the brain caused by cerebrovascular disease, such as occlusion of a blood vessel by a thrombus or embolus (ischemic stroke) or intracranial hemorrhage after rupture of an aneurysm (hemorrhagic stroke)

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13
Q

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A

brief episode of loss of blood flow to the brain; often precedes a stroke

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14
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain

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15
Q

epilepsy

A

disorder of the CNS characterized by recurrent seizures

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16
Q

tonic-clonic seizure

A

stiffening-jerking; a major motor seizure involving all muscle groups (grand mal (big bad) seizure)

17
Q

absence seizure

A

seizure involving a brief loss of consciousness without motor involvment; aka petit mal (little bad) seizure

18
Q

partial seizure

A

seizure involving only limited areas of the brain with localized symptoms

19
Q

glioma

A

tumor of the glial cells

20
Q

herniated disc

A

protrusion of a degenerated or fragmented intervertebral disc so that the nucleus pulposus protrudes, causing compression of the nerve root

21
Q

herpes zoster

A

shingles

22
Q

Huntington chorea; Huntington disease

A

hereditary disease of the CNS characterized by bizzare, involuntary body movement and progressive dementia (choros = dance)

23
Q

hydrocephalus

A

abnormal accumulation of CSF in the ventricles of the brain

24
Q

meningioma

A

benign tumor of the meninges

25
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of the meninges

26
Q

migraine headache

A

sudden periodic attacks of mostly unilateral headache, often accompanied by disordered vision, nausea, or vomiting, lasting for hours or days; caused by dilation of arteries in the brain

27
Q

multiple sclerosis (MS)

A

disease of the CNS characterized by demyelination of nerve fibers with episodes of neurologic dysfunction (exacerbation) followed by recovery (remission)

28
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

autoimmune disorder affecting the neuromuscular junction causing a progressive decrease in muscle strength; activity and strength resumes after a period of rest

29
Q

myelitis

A

inflammation of the spinal cord

30
Q

narcolepsy

A

sleep disorder characterized by a sudden, uncontrollable need to sleep

31
Q

neural tube defects

A

congenital deformities of the brain and spinal cord caused by incomplete development of the neural tube

32
Q

anencephaly

A

defect in the closure of the cephalic portion of the neural tube, resulting in incomplete development of the brain and bones of the skull

33
Q

spina bifida

A

defect in the development of the spinal column characterized by the absence of vertebral arches, often resulting in pouching of the meninges and/or spinal cord; most common neural tube defect (spina = spine; bifida = split in two parts)

34
Q

Parkinson disease

A

condition of slowly progressive degeneration of the substantia nigra resulting in decreased dopamine production; characterized by tremors; rigidity of muscles and slow movement; usually occurs later in life

35
Q

plegia

A

paralysis

36
Q

hemiplegia

A

paralysis of one side of the body

37
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis from the waist down

38
Q

quadriplegia

A

paralysis of all four limbs

39
Q

poliomyelitis

A

inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by a virus, often resulting in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis (polio = gray)

40
Q

polyneuritis

A

inflammation involving two or more nerves

41
Q

sleep apnea

A

periods of breathing cessation that occur during sleep, often causing snoring