Ch. 10 Diagnostic Terms

Question 0

astigmatism

Answer 0

distorted vision caused by an oblong or cylindrical curvature of the lens or cornea that prevents light rays from coming to a single focus on the retina (stigma = point)

Question 1

refractive errors

Answer 1

defects in the bending of light as it enters the eye, causing an improper focus on the retina

Question 2

hyperopia

Answer 2

farsightedness

Question 3

myopia

Answer 3

nearsightedness

Question 4

presbyopia

Answer 4

impaired vision caused by old age or loss of acommodation

Question 5

accommodation

Answer 5

ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objects

Question 6

amblyopia

Answer 6

lazy eye (ambly/o = dim)

Question 7

aphakia

Answer 7

absence of the lens, usually after cataract extraction

Question 8

blepharitis

Answer 8

inflammation of the eyelid

Question 9

blepharochalasis; dermatochalasis

Answer 9

baggy eyelid; overabundance and loss of skin elasticity on the upper eyelid causing a fold of skin to hang down over the edge of the eyelid when the eyes are open (chalasis = a slackening)

Question 10

blepharoptosis; ptosis

Answer 10

drooping of the eyelid; usually caused by paralysis

Question 11

chalazion

Answer 11

chronic nodular inflammation of the meibomian gland, usually the result of a blocked duct; commonly presents as a swelling on the upper and lower eyelid (chalaza = hailstone)

Question 12

cataract

Answer 12

opaque clouding of the lens causing decreased vision

Question 13

conjunctivitis

Answer 13

pinkeye; inflammation of the conjunctiva

Question 14

dacryoadenitis

Answer 14

inflammation of the lacrimal gland

Question 15

dacryocystitis

Answer 15

inflammation of the tear sac

Question 16

diabetic retinopathy

Answer 16

disease of the retina in diabetics characterized by capillary leakage, bleeding, and new vessel formation (neovascularization) leaading to scarring and loss of vision

Question 17

ectropion

Answer 17

outward turning of the rim of the eyelid (tropo = turning)

Question 18

entropion

Answer 18

inward turning of the rim of the eyelid

Question 19

epiphora

Answer 19

abnormal overflow of tears caused by blockage of the lacrimal duct (epi = upon; phero = bear)

Question 20

glaucoma

Answer 20

group of diseases of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure that results in damage to the optic nerve, producing defects in vision

Question 21

hordeolum

Answer 21

sty; an acute infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid (hordeum = barley)

Question 22

iritis

Answer 22

inflammation of the iris

Question 23

keratitis

Answer 23

inflammation of the cornea

Question 24

macular degeneration

Answer 24

breakdown or thinning of the tissues in the macula, resulting in partial or complete loss of central vision

Question 25

pseudophakia

Answer 25

an eye in which the natural lens is replaced with an artificial lens implant

Question 26

pterygium

Answer 26

fibrous, wing-shaped growth of conjunctival tissue that extends onto the cornea, developing most commonly from prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light

Question 27

retinal detachment

Answer 27

separation of the retina from the underlying epithelium, disrupting vision and resulting in blindness if not repaired surgically

Question 28

retinitis

Answer 28

inflammation of the retina

Question 29

strabismus; heterotropia

Answer 29

a condition of eye misalignment caused by intraocular muscle imbalance (strabismus = a squinting; hetero = other)

Question 30

esotropia

Answer 30

right or left eye deviates inward, toward nose (eso = inward; tropo = turning)

Question 31

exotropia

Answer 31

right or left eye deviates outward, away from the nose (eso = inward; tropo = turning)

Question 32

scleritis

Answer 32

inflammation of the sclera

Question 33

trichiasis

Answer 33

misdirection eyelashes that rub on the conjunctiva or cornea