Ch. 7 Diagnostic Terms

Question 0

atelectasis

Answer 0

collapse of lung tissue (alveoli) (atele = imperfect; -ectasis = expansion or dilation)

Question 1

asthma

Answer 1

panting; obstructive pulmonary disease caused by a spasm of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of the mucous membrane; characterized by paroxysmal (sudden, periodic) attacks of wheezing, dyspnea and cough

Question 2

bronchiectasis

Answer 2

abnormal dilation of the bronchi with accumulation of mucus

Question 3

bronchitis

Answer 3

inflammation of the bronchi

Question 4

bronchogenic carcinoma

Answer 4

lung cancer

Question 5

bronchospasm

Answer 5

constriction of bronchi caused by spasm of the peribronchial smooth muscle

Question 6

emphysema

Answer 6

obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by overexpansion of the alveoli with air and destructive changes in their walls, resulting in loss of lung elasticity and gas exchange (emphysan = to inflate)

Question 7

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Answer 7

permanent, destructive pulmonary disorder that is a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Question 8

cystic fibrosis

Answer 8

inherited condition of exocrine gland malfunction causing secretion of abnormally think mucus that obstructs passageways within the body; commonly affecting the lungs and digestive tract

Question 9

laryngitis

Answer 9

inflammation of the larynx

Question 10

laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB); croup

Answer 10

inflammation of the upper airways with swelling; creates a funnel-shaped elongation of tissue causing a distinctive “seal bark” cough

Question 11

laryngospasm

Answer 11

spasm of the laryngeal muscles, causing a constriction

Question 12

nasal polyposis

Answer 12

presence of polyps in the nose (a polyp is a tumor on a stalk)

Question 13

pharyngitis

Answer 13

inflammation of the pharynx

Question 14

pleural effusion

Answer 14

accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity

Question 15

empyema, pyothorax

Answer 15

accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity

Question 16

hemothorax

Answer 16

blood in the pleural cavity

Question 17

pleuritis, pleurisy

Answer 17

inflammation of the pleura

Question 18

pneumoconiosis

Answer 18

chronic restrictive pulmonary disease resulting from prolonged inhalation of fine dusts, such as coal, asbestos (asbestosis), or silicone (silicosis) (chonio = dust)

Question 19

pneumonia

Answer 19

inflammation of the lung resulting from infection by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites or from aspiration of chemicals

Question 20

Pneumocystis pneumonia

Answer 20

Pneumonia caused by the Pneumocystis carinii organism; a common opportunistic infection in HIV patients

Question 21

pneumothorax

Answer 21

Air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture in the lung or chest wall

Question 22

pneumohemothorax

Answer 22

air and blood in the pleural cavity

Question 23

pneumonitis

Answer 23

inflammation of the lung, often caused by hypersensitivity to chemicals or dust

Question 24

pulmonary embolism (PE)

Answer 24

occlusion in the pulmonary circulation, most often caused by a blood clot

Question 25

pulmonary tuberculosis (TB)

Answer 25

disease caused by the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lungs; characterized by the formation of tubercles, inflammation and necrotizing caseous lesions (caseous necrosis)

Question 26

sinusitis

Answer 26

inflammation of the sinuses

Question 27

sleep apnea

Answer 27

periods of breathing cessation (10 + sec.) that occur during sleep, often resulting in snoring

Question 28

tonisllitis

Answer 28

acute or chronic inflammation of the tonsils

Question 29

upper respiratory infection (URI)

Answer 29

infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract involving the nasal passages, pharynx, and bronchi