Ch. 6 Diagnostic Terms

Question 0

anemia

Answer 0

a condition of reduced numbers of red blood cells, hemoglobin or packed red cells in the blood, resulting in a diminished ability to deliver oxygen to tissues

Question 1

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Answer 1

a syndrome caused by HIV that renders immune cells ineffective and permits opportunistic infections; transmitted sexually or through contaminated blood

Question 2

aplastic anemia

Answer 2

a normocytic-normochromic type of anemia characterized by the failure of bone marrow to produce red blood cells

Question 3

iron deficiency anemia

Answer 3

a microcytic-hypochromic type of anemia characterized by a lack of iron that affects the production of hemoglobin

Question 4

pernicious anemia

Answer 4

a macrocytic-normochromic type of anemia characterized by vitamin B12 deficiency causing blood cells to become large and irregularly shaped

Question 5

autoimmune disease

Answer 5

any disorder characterized by abnormal function of the immune system that causes the body to produce antibodies against itself (e.g., lupus & rheumatoid arthritis)

Question 6

erythroblastosis fetalis

Answer 6

a disorder that results from the incompatibility of a fetus with Rh+ blood and a mother with RH- blood, causing RBC destruction in the fetus; a transfusion is necessary to save the fetus

Question 7

Rh factor

Answer 7

presence or lack of antigens on the surface of RBCs, which cause a reaction between Rh+ and Rh- blood

Question 8

Rh positive

Answer 8

presence of Rh antigens

Question 9

Rh negative

Answer 9

absence of Rh antigens

Question 10

hemochromatosis

Answer 10

hereditary disorder with an excessive buildup of iron deposits in the body

Question 11

hemophilia

Answer 11

a group of hereditary bleeding disorders caused by a defect in clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood

Question 12

leukemia

Answer 12

chronic or acute malignant (cancerous) disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by abnormal leukocytes in the blood an bone marrow

Question 13

myelodysplasia

Answer 13

a disorder within the bone marrow characterized by a proliferation fo abnormal stem cells; usually develops into a specific type of leukemia

Question 14

lymphoma

Answer 14

any neoplastic disorder of lymph tissue, usually malignant, as in Hodgkin disease

Question 15

metastasis

Answer 15

process by which cancer cells are spread by blood or lymph circulation to a distant organ

Question 16

mononucleosis

Answer 16

condition caused by the Epstein-Barr virus and characterized by an increase in mononuclear cells (monocytes and lymphocytes) in the blood along with enlarged lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy), fatigue, and sore throat (pharyngitis)

Question 17

polycythemia

Answer 17

increased number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in blood

Question 18

septicemia

Answer 18

systemic disease caused by infection with microorganisms and their toxins in circulating blood