Ch. 6 Diagnostic Terms Flashcards

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0
Q

anemia

A

a condition of reduced numbers of red blood cells, hemoglobin or packed red cells in the blood, resulting in a diminished ability to deliver oxygen to tissues

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1
Q

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

A

a syndrome caused by HIV that renders immune cells ineffective and permits opportunistic infections; transmitted sexually or through contaminated blood

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2
Q

aplastic anemia

A

a normocytic-normochromic type of anemia characterized by the failure of bone marrow to produce red blood cells

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3
Q

iron deficiency anemia

A

a microcytic-hypochromic type of anemia characterized by a lack of iron that affects the production of hemoglobin

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4
Q

pernicious anemia

A

a macrocytic-normochromic type of anemia characterized by vitamin B12 deficiency causing blood cells to become large and irregularly shaped

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5
Q

autoimmune disease

A

any disorder characterized by abnormal function of the immune system that causes the body to produce antibodies against itself (e.g., lupus & rheumatoid arthritis)

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6
Q

erythroblastosis fetalis

A

a disorder that results from the incompatibility of a fetus with Rh+ blood and a mother with RH- blood, causing RBC destruction in the fetus; a transfusion is necessary to save the fetus

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7
Q

Rh factor

A

presence or lack of antigens on the surface of RBCs, which cause a reaction between Rh+ and Rh- blood

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8
Q

Rh positive

A

presence of Rh antigens

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9
Q

Rh negative

A

absence of Rh antigens

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10
Q

hemochromatosis

A

hereditary disorder with an excessive buildup of iron deposits in the body

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11
Q

hemophilia

A

a group of hereditary bleeding disorders caused by a defect in clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood

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12
Q

leukemia

A

chronic or acute malignant (cancerous) disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by abnormal leukocytes in the blood an bone marrow

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13
Q

myelodysplasia

A

a disorder within the bone marrow characterized by a proliferation fo abnormal stem cells; usually develops into a specific type of leukemia

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14
Q

lymphoma

A

any neoplastic disorder of lymph tissue, usually malignant, as in Hodgkin disease

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15
Q

metastasis

A

process by which cancer cells are spread by blood or lymph circulation to a distant organ

16
Q

mononucleosis

A

condition caused by the Epstein-Barr virus and characterized by an increase in mononuclear cells (monocytes and lymphocytes) in the blood along with enlarged lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy), fatigue, and sore throat (pharyngitis)

17
Q

polycythemia

A

increased number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in blood

18
Q

septicemia

A

systemic disease caused by infection with microorganisms and their toxins in circulating blood