Ch 8: Skeletal System Flashcards
Axial skeleton
Central supporting axis. includes the skull and spine
Appendicular skeleton
Includes limbs pelvis shoulders and clavicle
Eight bones of the cranium
-Parietal bones (2)
-Occipital bone
-Temporal bones (2)
-Frontal bone
-Ethmoid bone
-Sphenoid bone
Structures of the temporal bones
-External auditory meatus
-Mastoid process
-Zygomatic arch
-Styloid process
Hyoid bone
Located at the throat, it doesn’t connect to another bone
Maxillae
Two bones that meet to form the upper jaw
Zygomatic bones
Two bones that shaped the cheeks and formed the outer edge of the orbit
Mandible
-The largest bone in the face
-Only facial bone that can move
Auditory ossicles in order from outer to inner
-malleus (hammer)
-incus (anvil)
-stapes (stirrup)
Sphenoid sinus
Located posterior and inferior to your eyes inside the sphenoid bone
Frontal sinus
Located superior and anterior to your eyes right above your eyebrows
Ethmoid sinus
Honeycomb structures in the ethmoid bone
-Posterior to the bridge of your nose
Maxillary sinus
Located inferior to the eyes This is the largest set of sinuses
Vertebral column: cervical
-top of spine (neck)
-7 bones
Vertebral column: thoracic vertebrae
-Top of spine around shoulders
-12 Vertebrae
Vertebral column: lumbar vertebrae
-Located at the bottom curve of your back
-Five vertebrae
Vertebral column: sacrum
Five fused vertebrae in your butt
Vertebral column: coccyx
-Located at the very end of the spine
-Four fused vertebrae
True ribs
Ribs one through seven. they attach directly to the sternum using coastal cartilage
False ribs
Ribs 7, 8, 9 and 10 all attached to the cartilage of rib seven
Floating ribs
Ribs 11 and 12. They do not attached to any part of the Anterior thoracic cage.
Bones of the sternum from top to bottom
-manubrium
-body
-xiphoid process
Notable parts of the scapula
-acromian process: Articulates with the clavicle
-coracoid process: A hook like attachment for arm muscles
-Glenoid cavity: The shallow socket that articulates with the head of the humerus
Parts of the humerus
-humeral head: Enlarged end
-olecranon fossa:Depression on the posterior side of the humerus
Characteristics of the ulna
-Longer than the radius
-On the pinky side of the arm
-Olecranon process where it joins the humerus
Characteristics of the radius
-Same side as the thumb
-Proximal head: a distinctive disc that rotates on the humerus when the palm is turned forward and back
-Radial tuberosity: Where the biceps muscle attaches to the bone
Styloid processes
Boney bumps at the end of the radius and ulna
Bones of the hand and wrist
-Carpals: bones of wrist
-Metacarpals: bones of hand
-Phalanges: bones of finger and thumb (proximal, middle, distal)
Three bones of the pelvic girdle
-Ilium (Large flaring section)
-ischium (lower posterior portion)
-pubis (most anterior portion)
Features of the pelvic girdle
-Iliac crest: Highest part.
-acetabulum: hip socket
-ischial tuberosity: support while sitting
-symphysis pubis: Slightly moveable joint
-Greater sciatic notch
-Lesser sciatic notch
Features of the femur
-head
-neck
-Greater and lesser trocanters (top of shaft)
-Medial and lateral epicondyle (knee side)
Fibula
-Smaller, lateral
-Articulates with tibia. Distal end is a lateral malleolus
Tibia
-Larger
-Bears weight
-Medial
Bones of the ankle and foot
-Tarsals (Ankle)
-Metatarsals (Bones of foot)
-Phalanges (toes)
Two bony Projections at the top of the femur
-Greater trochanter
-Lesser trochanter
The widest points of the femur at the knee
-Medial and lateral epicondyle
Largest point of the tibia at the knee
Tibial tuberosity
Boney knob that you can feel on your inner ankle
Medial malleolus
Lateral malleolus
The distal end of the fibula
