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ANPH 220 Cardflash > Ch 13: Endocrine > Flashcards

Ch 13: Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine system functions

A

-Growth and repair of tissues
-Balance of energy
-Response to stress
-Maintenance of pH levels
-Reproduction

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2
Q

Steroid hormones

A

-made from cholesterol
-Estrogen and testosterone
-Aldosterone

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3
Q

Nonsteroid hormones

A

-Protein-based (Made from amino acids)
-Insulin
-Antidiuretic hormone
-Epinephrine and norepinephrine

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4
Q

Connecter of hypothalamus and pituitary gland

A

Infundibulum

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5
Q

Adenohypophysis

A

-Anterior pituitary
-Hypothalamus secretes hormones that cause it to either secrete or stop secreting a hormone
-Composed of glandular tissue

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6
Q

Neurohypophysis

A

-Posterior pituitary
-Hypothalamus produces the hormones that are stored and released here
-Composed of neural tissue

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7
Q

Hormones made by the hypothalamus

A

-Oxytocin
-Antidiuretic hormone
-Stored in posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)

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8
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

A

-Stimulates the thyroid to secrete it’s hormones
-Anterior pituitary

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9
Q

Prolactin

A

Stimulates milk production
-Anterior pituitary

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10
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete corticosteroids

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11
Q

Growth hormone or somatotropin (GH)

A

Promotes proteins synthesis, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, bone and skeleton muscle growth
-Anterior pituitary

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12
Q

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

-Stimulates ovulation and oestrogen and progesterone synthesis in females
-Secretion of testosterone by males
-Anterior pituitary

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13
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

Stimulates the production of eggs in females and sperm in males

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14
Q

Oxytocin

A

Stimulates contraction of the uterus during childbirth and triggers the release of breast milk

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15
Q

Antidiuretic hormone or vasopressin

A

Acts on the kidneys to reduce urine volume and prevent dehydration

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16
Q

Pineal gland

A

-Tiny gland in the centre of the brain
-Produces melatonin
-Melatonin triggers sleepiness
-Melatonin may also be part of the timing of puberty

17
Q

Thymus produces these two hormones

A

-Thymosin
-Thymopoietin
-Develops the immune system

18
Q

Thyroid hormones

A

Triiodothyronine & thyroxine
-Increase the rate of metabolism

Calcitonin
-Triggers the deposition of calcium in bone in response to rising blood calcium levels

19
Q

Parathyroid hormone

A

Causes calcium to be released into the bloodstream

20
Q

What happens when there is an excess of calcium ions in the blood

A

Thyroid releases calcitonin
-Calcitonin causes calcium ions to move from the blood to bone, lowering blood calcium levels

21
Q

What happens when there’s not enough calcium in blood

A

Parathyroid releases PTH
-PTH causes calcium to move from the bones, kidneys, and intestines into the blood

22
Q

Two parts of adrenal glands

A

Medulla and cortex

23
Q

Adrenal medulla hormones

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine
-Augment the fight or flight response
-Prepare the body for physical activity by increasing heart rate and blood pressure etc.

24
Q

Adrenal cortex hormones

A

Mineralocorticoids
-Aldosterone, which acts on the kidney to control fluid balance

25
Q

Pancreas endocrine function

A

Islets of Langerhans
-Contain alpha beta and Delta cells

26
Q

Alpha cells

A

-Secrete glucagon
-Stimulates the liver to start gluconeogenesis releasing glucose into the blood stream between meals

27
Q

Beta cells

A

-Secrete insulin
-Stimulates cells to absorb glucose and amino acids after eating

28
Q

Delta cells

A

-Secrete somatostatin
-Inhibits the release of both glucagon and insulin when not needed, as well as the release of growth hormone

29
Q

After eating, This happens to blood glucose levels

A

-Glucose levels rise
-High glucose levels stimulate beta cells to secrete insulin

30
Q

Insulin causes two things

A

-Stimulates cells to take up more glucose
-Causes the liver to take up glucose and store it as glycogen

31
Q

What happens When blood glucose levels drop below a certain point

A

-Alpha cells release glucagon into the blood
-Glucagon stimulates the liver to break down stored glycogen into glucose which it releases into the bloodstream

32
Q

Ovarian follicle secretes

A

Estrogen
-Promotes the development of female sex characteristics

33
Q

What is corpus luteum and what does it secrete

A

Tissue left behind after an ovarian follicle ruptures
-Secretes progesterone
-Works with oestrogen to maintain uterine lining during pregnancy

34
Q

What are prostaglandins

A

Lipid molecules that integrate the activities of other cells

35
Q

How are prostaglandins different from hormones

A

They are released within the tissue where they are produced so they only influence neighbouring cells, not distant organs

ANPH 220 Cardflash (32 decks)

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