Ch 17: Lymph System

Question 1

Components of the lymphatic system

Answer 1

-Lymphatic vessels
-Lymph
-Lymphatic tissues
-Lymphatic organs

Question 2

Functions of the lymphatic system

Answer 2

-Maintenance of fluid balance
-Absorption of fats
-Immunity

Question 3

Lymphatic tissues

Answer 3

-Near openings to the outside of the body
-Peyer’s patches
-House of variety of lymphocytes

Question 4

Lymphatic organs

Answer 4

-Red bone marrow
-Thymus
-Lymph nodes
-Tonsils
-Spleen

Question 5

How do lymphatic vessels function

Answer 5

-Lymph fluid flows into the vessels through gaps between the cells
-The vessels converge to form larger lymph vessels
-The converge into two collecting ducts
-Right lymphatic duct (Empties into the right subclavian vein)
-Thoracic duct (Empties into the left subclavian vein)

Question 6

Kinds of tonsils

Answer 6

-Pharyngeal tonsil (Back of roof of mouth)
-Palatine tonsils (On either side)
-Lingual tonsils (On each side of the base of the tongue)

Question 7

What do primary lymphatic organs do?

Answer 7

-Provide a location for stem cells to mature
-Includes thymus and red bone marrow

Question 8

What do secondary lymphatic organs do

Answer 8

-They are where are mature lymphocytes become activated
-Includes lymph nodes and spleen

Question 9

What does the thymus do

Answer 9

-Produces thymosin To stimulate lymphocyte production
-Is a training ground for lymphocytes
-Immature T lymphocytes travel from red bone marrow to learn from other lymphoid cells

Question 10

Roles of lymph nodes

Answer 10

-Remove pathogens and foreign material in lymph
-Location of some lymphocyte and monocyte maturation

Question 11

Locations of major lymph node clusters

Answer 11

-Cervical lymph nodes in neck
-Axillary lymph nodes in armpit
-Inguinal lymph nodes in groin

Question 12

Spleen functions

Answer 12

-Immunity
-Destruction of old red blood cells
-Blood storage
-Haematopoiesis oh wow

Question 13

Kinds of lymphocytes

Answer 13

-T lymphocytes
-B lymphocytes
-Macrophages
-dendritic cells (engulf foreign substances and help activate T cells)
-Mucosa associated lymphatic tissue

Question 14

Three lines of defence in immunity

Answer 14

-External barriers
-Non-specific immunity
-Specific immunity

Question 15

Non-specific immunity involves

Answer 15

-External barriers (skin and mucous membranes)
-Phagocytosis
-Antimicrobial proteins
-Natural killer cells
-Inflammation
-Fever

Question 16

Antimicrobial proteins

Answer 16

-Interferons
-Produces interferon to stimulate cells to produce enzymes to prevent the virus from replicating
-Complement system
-Complement proteins embed themselves into bacteria and cause it to explode

Question 17

Where do T cells and B cells mature

Answer 17

Thymus and bone marrow respectively

Question 18

Components of specific immunity system

Answer 18

-T cells
-B cells
-Antibodies (GAMED)
-Cellular immunity
-Humoral immunity

Question 19

Classes of T cells

Answer 19

-Cytotoxic (carries out attack)
-Helper (supports)
-Memory (Remembers for future)

Question 20

Cellular versus humoral immunity

Answer 20

-Cellular destroys pathogens inside a cell
-Humoral destroys pathogens outside the cell

Question 21

Process of cellular immunity

Answer 21

-Phagocyte ingests antigen
-Phagocyte displays fragments of antigen on surface
-T cell binds to foreign antigen and begins dividing to form clones
-Three different T cells perform their duties

Question 22

Process of humoral immunity

Answer 22

-Antigens bind to b cell receptors
-B cell digests and displays some of the antigen on its surface
-Helper T cell binds to the antigen and secretes interleukins which activate the B cell
-B cell begins to rapidly reproduce
-Plasma cells secrete antibodies
-Memory cells remember