Ch 17: Lymph System Flashcards
Components of the lymphatic system
-Lymphatic vessels
-Lymph
-Lymphatic tissues
-Lymphatic organs
Functions of the lymphatic system
-Maintenance of fluid balance
-Absorption of fats
-Immunity
Lymphatic tissues
-Near openings to the outside of the body
-Peyer’s patches
-House of variety of lymphocytes
Lymphatic organs
-Red bone marrow
-Thymus
-Lymph nodes
-Tonsils
-Spleen
How do lymphatic vessels function
-Lymph fluid flows into the vessels through gaps between the cells
-The vessels converge to form larger lymph vessels
-The converge into two collecting ducts
-Right lymphatic duct (Empties into the right subclavian vein)
-Thoracic duct (Empties into the left subclavian vein)
Kinds of tonsils
-Pharyngeal tonsil (Back of roof of mouth)
-Palatine tonsils (On either side)
-Lingual tonsils (On each side of the base of the tongue)
What do primary lymphatic organs do?
-Provide a location for stem cells to mature
-Includes thymus and red bone marrow
What do secondary lymphatic organs do
-They are where are mature lymphocytes become activated
-Includes lymph nodes and spleen
What does the thymus do
-Produces thymosin To stimulate lymphocyte production
-Is a training ground for lymphocytes
-Immature T lymphocytes travel from red bone marrow to learn from other lymphoid cells
Roles of lymph nodes
-Remove pathogens and foreign material in lymph
-Location of some lymphocyte and monocyte maturation
Locations of major lymph node clusters
-Cervical lymph nodes in neck
-Axillary lymph nodes in armpit
-Inguinal lymph nodes in groin
Spleen functions
-Immunity
-Destruction of old red blood cells
-Blood storage
-Haematopoiesis oh wow
Kinds of lymphocytes
-T lymphocytes
-B lymphocytes
-Macrophages
-dendritic cells (engulf foreign substances and help activate T cells)
-Mucosa associated lymphatic tissue
Three lines of defence in immunity
-External barriers
-Non-specific immunity
-Specific immunity
Non-specific immunity involves
-External barriers (skin and mucous membranes)
-Phagocytosis
-Antimicrobial proteins
-Natural killer cells
-Inflammation
-Fever
Antimicrobial proteins
-Interferons
-Produces interferon to stimulate cells to produce enzymes to prevent the virus from replicating
-Complement system
-Complement proteins embed themselves into bacteria and cause it to explode
Where do T cells and B cells mature
Thymus and bone marrow respectively
Components of specific immunity system
-T cells
-B cells
-Antibodies (GAMED)
-Cellular immunity
-Humoral immunity
Classes of T cells
-Cytotoxic (carries out attack)
-Helper (supports)
-Memory (Remembers for future)
Cellular versus humoral immunity
-Cellular destroys pathogens inside a cell
-Humoral destroys pathogens outside the cell
Process of cellular immunity
-Phagocyte ingests antigen
-Phagocyte displays fragments of antigen on surface
-T cell binds to foreign antigen and begins dividing to form clones
-Three different T cells perform their duties
Process of humoral immunity
-Antigens bind to b cell receptors
-B cell digests and displays some of the antigen on its surface
-Helper T cell binds to the antigen and secretes interleukins which activate the B cell
-B cell begins to rapidly reproduce
-Plasma cells secrete antibodies
-Memory cells remember
