Ch 5: Tissues

Question 1

Ectoderm (where is?) (what does it become?)

Answer 1

-outer layer
-epidermis, nervous tissue

Question 2

Mesoderm (where is?) (what does it become?)

Answer 2

-middle layer
-connective and muscle tissue.
-bone
-blood
-cardiac, smooth, skeletal muscles

Question 3

Endoderm (where is?) (what does it become?)

Answer 3

-inner layer
-mucous membranes of respiratory tract, thyroid, pancreas

Question 4

(Cell shape) Squamous

Answer 4

Flat, plate-like cells

Question 5

(Cell shape) cuboidal

Answer 5

Cube-shaped, contain more cytoplasm than squamous

Question 6

(Cell shape) columnar

Answer 6

Higher than wide. Tall and cylindrical

Question 7

(Cell layers) simple

Answer 7

Every cell touches basement membrane

Question 8

(Cell layers) stratified

Answer 8

Stacked on top of each other. Upper layer doesn’t touch basement membrane

Question 9

Exocrine gland

Answer 9

Secretes into ducts, then empty onto surface or into body cavity (sweat glands)

Question 10

Endocrine glands

Answer 10

Secrete directly into blood (adrenal glands)

Question 11

Pseudostratified columnar tissue

Answer 11

Secretes mucous, has cilia
-is tall, found in nasal passages and respiratory

Question 12

Transitional epithelium tissue

Answer 12

Can stretch without breaking. Cuboidal, THEN squamous when stretched (bladder)

Question 13

Collagenous fibers

Answer 13

Strong and flexible but resist stretching ; most abundant fibers

Question 14

Reticular fibers

Answer 14

Occur in networks and support small structures such as capillaries and nerve fibers

Question 15

Elastic fibers

Answer 15

Made of elastin, these fibers can stretch and recoil like a rubber band

Question 16

3 Kinds of connective tissue

Answer 16

Collagenous fibers, reticular fibers, elastic fibers

Question 17

Types of connective tissue

Answer 17

Fibrous, bone, cartilage, blood

Question 18

Types of fibrous tissue

Answer 18

Loose
-areolar
-adipose
-reticular

Dense
-tendons
-ligaments
-fascia

Question 19

Types of cartilage

Answer 19

Hyaline (end of joints)
Elastic (ear flap)
Fibrocartilage (discs)

Question 20

Types of nervous tissue

Answer 20

Neurons
-units that conduct nervous impulses
Neuroglia
-protect and assist neurons

Question 21

Types of muscle tissue

Answer 21

Skeletal (voluntary, striated)
Cardiac (involuntary, striated)
Smooth (involuntary, non-striated)

Question 22

Steps in tissue repair (skin)

Answer 22

-blood fills injury site
-blood clot forms, scab forms, white blood cells clean up bacteria
-surrounding healthy tissue sends nutrients, protein, and other materials for growing new cells. New tissue is called granulation tissue. Fibroblasts form scar tissue
-surface area generates epithelial tissue, deeper tissue forms scar tissue. Scab falls off.

Question 23

Methods of tissue repair

Answer 23

Regeneration (damaged tissue replaced by same type of cell)
Fibrosis (damaged tissue replaced by scar tissue)

Question 24

Types of membranes

Answer 24

Epithelial membranes
Connective tissue membranes

Question 25

Types of epithelial membranes

Answer 25

Mucous membranes (line surfaces open to the exterior, protects cells)
Cutaneous membranes (skin)
Serous membranes (parietal and visceral)

Question 26

3 serous membranes

Answer 26

Pleural (lungs and thoracic cavity)
Pericardial (heart and heart cavity)
Peritoneum (abdominal organs and abdominal cavity)