Ch 5: Tissues Flashcards
Ectoderm (where is?) (what does it become?)
-outer layer
-epidermis, nervous tissue
Mesoderm (where is?) (what does it become?)
-middle layer
-connective and muscle tissue.
-bone
-blood
-cardiac, smooth, skeletal muscles
Endoderm (where is?) (what does it become?)
-inner layer
-mucous membranes of respiratory tract, thyroid, pancreas
(Cell shape) Squamous
Flat, plate-like cells
(Cell shape) cuboidal
Cube-shaped, contain more cytoplasm than squamous
(Cell shape) columnar
Higher than wide. Tall and cylindrical
(Cell layers) simple
Every cell touches basement membrane
(Cell layers) stratified
Stacked on top of each other. Upper layer doesn’t touch basement membrane
Exocrine gland
Secretes into ducts, then empty onto surface or into body cavity (sweat glands)
Endocrine glands
Secrete directly into blood (adrenal glands)
Pseudostratified columnar tissue
Secretes mucous, has cilia
-is tall, found in nasal passages and respiratory
Transitional epithelium tissue
Can stretch without breaking. Cuboidal, THEN squamous when stretched (bladder)
Collagenous fibers
Strong and flexible but resist stretching ; most abundant fibers
Reticular fibers
Occur in networks and support small structures such as capillaries and nerve fibers
Elastic fibers
Made of elastin, these fibers can stretch and recoil like a rubber band
3 Kinds of connective tissue
Collagenous fibers, reticular fibers, elastic fibers
Types of connective tissue
Fibrous, bone, cartilage, blood
Types of fibrous tissue
Loose
-areolar
-adipose
-reticular
Dense
-tendons
-ligaments
-fascia
Types of cartilage
Hyaline (end of joints)
Elastic (ear flap)
Fibrocartilage (discs)
Types of nervous tissue
Neurons
-units that conduct nervous impulses
Neuroglia
-protect and assist neurons
Types of muscle tissue
Skeletal (voluntary, striated)
Cardiac (involuntary, striated)
Smooth (involuntary, non-striated)
Steps in tissue repair (skin)
-blood fills injury site
-blood clot forms, scab forms, white blood cells clean up bacteria
-surrounding healthy tissue sends nutrients, protein, and other materials for growing new cells. New tissue is called granulation tissue. Fibroblasts form scar tissue
-surface area generates epithelial tissue, deeper tissue forms scar tissue. Scab falls off.
Methods of tissue repair
Regeneration (damaged tissue replaced by same type of cell)
Fibrosis (damaged tissue replaced by scar tissue)
Types of membranes
Epithelial membranes
Connective tissue membranes
Types of epithelial membranes
Mucous membranes (line surfaces open to the exterior, protects cells)
Cutaneous membranes (skin)
Serous membranes (parietal and visceral)
3 serous membranes
Pleural (lungs and thoracic cavity)
Pericardial (heart and heart cavity)
Peritoneum (abdominal organs and abdominal cavity)
