Ch 18: Respiratory System Flashcards
Difference between upper and lower respiratory tract
Upper- Structures outside the thoracic cavity
Lower-Structures inside the thoracic cavity
Parts of the upper respiratory tract
-Nasal cavity
-Pharynx
-Larynx
Parts of the lower respiratory tract
-Trachea
-Primary bronchi
-Bronchioles
-Left lung lower lobe

Bronchial tree
-carina (ridge where trachea splits)
-Primary bronchi
-Secondary bronchi
-Tertiary bronchi
-Bronchioles
-Alveolar ducts
-Alveolar sacs
Conchae
Three bone projections that create narrow passages so that most air contacts the mucous membranes
Parts of the pharynx
-Nasopharynx (From posterior nares to the soft palate) (Contains openings for the auditory tubes)
-Oropharynx (Between the soft palate and the base of the tongue. Contains palatine tonsils) 
-Laryngopharynx (Passes dorsal to the larynx and connects to the esophagus)
Parts of the larynx
-Epiglottis
-Glottis
-Superior or vestibular folds
-Inferior folds or vocal cords
What is the trachea
Tube that extends from the larynx to the carina
Lobes of the lungs
Right
-Superior
-Middle
-Inferior
Left
-Superior
-Inferior
Purpose of pleural fluid
-Lubricates pleural surfaces
-Creates a pressure gradient that assists in lung inflation
What happens during inspiration
-External intercostal muscles pull ribs up and out word
-Internal intercostals help
-Diaphragm contracts flattens and drops
What happens during expiration
-Intercostal muscles relax
-Diaphragm relaxes and bulges upward
Tidal volume
The amount of air inhaled and exhaled during quiet breathing
Inspiratory reserve volume
The amount of air inhaled using maximum effort after normal inspiration
Expiratory reserve volume
The amount of air that can be exhaled after a normal expiration
