Ch 19: Urinary System

Question 1

Organs/structures that make up the urinary system

Answer 1

Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

Question 2

Renal cortex

Answer 2

Outer region (NOT fibrous capsule) of the kidney

Question 3

Renal medulla

Answer 3

Inner region of the kidney. Includes pyramids and columns.

Question 4

Renal columns

Answer 4

Extensions of the renal cortex, these Divide the interior region into pyramid shaped sections

Question 5

Renal pyramids

Answer 5

Consist of tubules for transporting urine away from the cortex. The base of each pyramid faces outwards

Question 6

Renal papilla

Answer 6

The point of the pyramid

Question 7

Minor calyx

Answer 7

Cup-shaped collection from the papilla

Question 8

Major calyx

Answer 8

Larger groupings of 2-3 minor calyces

Question 9

Renal pelvis

Answer 9

Big-ass collection chamber at the end of major calyces

Question 10

Ureter

Answer 10

Tube that channels urine to the bladder

Question 11

Hilum

Answer 11

Area where blood supply leaves/enters kidney (indent in the “bean” shape)

Question 12

Nephron

Answer 12

Filtration units of the kidney

Question 13

Renal artery comes from which major artery?

Answer 13

Aorta

Question 14

Renal vein empties into which major vein?

Answer 14

Inferior vena cava

Question 15

Afferent arterioles

Answer 15

Blood supply to the nephron: goes into the glomerulus

Question 16

Glomerulus

Answer 16

Cluster of capillaries enclosed by bowmans capsule

Question 17

Efferent arteriole

Answer 17

Vessels that leave glomerulus to the peritubular capillaries

Question 18

Peritubular capillaries

Answer 18

Pick up water and solutes initially absorbed by the nephron (bowmans capsule)

Question 19

Path of renal blood flow starting with aorta (might not be on test I just think it’s neat)

Answer 19

Aorta, renal artery, afferent arterioles, glomerulus, efferent arterioles, peritubular capillaries, renal vein, inferior vena cava

Question 20

Path of filtrate through kidney

Answer 20

Bowmans capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct

Question 21

Renal corpuscle

Answer 21

Glomerulus and bowmans capsule together

Question 22

Renal tubule

Answer 22

Proximal and distal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, collecting duct grouped together

Question 23

Things that should not enter filtrate

Answer 23

Plasma protein and blood cells

Question 24

System that helps maintain blood pressure and steady glomerular filtration rate

Answer 24

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system

Question 25

Steps of the R-A-A system in response to LOW blood pressure

Answer 25

-Juxtaglomerular cells release renin
-renin converts angiotensinogen from the liver into angiotensin I (AI)
-AI circulates to lungs, and is converted to angiotensin II (AII)
-AII stimulates adrenal glands to secrete aldosterone
-aldosterone causes distal convoluted tubule to retain sodium, which leads to retention of water.
-blood volume increases

Question 26

Tubular reabsorption

Answer 26

Additional chemicals (salt, water, glucose, potassium, etc) are removed from the filtrate and returned to the blood

Question 27

Tubular secretion (should be called blood secretion IMO)

Answer 27

Chemicals are added to the filtrate from the blood (ammonia, uric acid, drugs, hydrogen ions to regulate blood pH)

Question 28

Urinary system hormones that increase blood pressure

Answer 28

-antidiuretic hormone (ADH): reabsorbs water, increases blood volume and BP
-aldosterone: causes salt and water to be reabsorbed, causes potassium to be excreted. Increases blood volume and BP

Question 29

Urinary system hormone that decreases blood pressure

Answer 29

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP): excretes salt and water, decreases blood volume and BP

Question 30

Urinary system hormone that increases blood calcium levels

Answer 30

Parathyroid hormones: reabsorb calcium, excretes phosphate. No effect on blood volume or BP

Question 31

Ureters

Answer 31

Move urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Question 32

Detrusor muscle

Answer 32

Wall of the bladder, consists of three layers of smooth muscle

Question 33

Rugae

Answer 33

This folds of tissue lining the bladder when it is relaxed. These flatten out as the bladder expands

Question 34

Trigone

Answer 34

A triangular shaped, smooth area on the bladder floor formed by the two ureter openings and the urethral opening

Question 35

Internal urinary sphincter

Answer 35

Made of smooth muscle and is involuntary

Question 36

External urinary sphincter

Answer 36

Made of skeletal muscle and is voluntary

Question 37

Urethra

Answer 37

Tube that take urine away from the bladder

Question 38

External urinary meatus

Answer 38

Opening of the urethra on the outside of the body

Question 39

Micturation

Answer 39

The process of urination

Question 40

Micturation process part one

Answer 40

When the bladder is full (200ml or more), stretch receptors in the bladder wall send impulses to the sacral region of the spinal cord

Question 41

Micturation process part two

Answer 41

Spinal cord sends impulses to the bladder to contract, and the internal sphincter to relax.

Question 42

Micturation process part three

Answer 42

Impulses are also sent to the micturation center in the pons and the process can be overridden.

Question 43

Micturation process part four

Answer 43

If the time is not appropriate, brain sends impulses to keep external sphincter contracted. If it is, voluntary urination can occur