Ch 7: Bones And Bone Tissue

Question 1

Function of bones

Answer 1

– Shape
– support
– protection
– movement
– electrolyte balance
– blood production
– acid base balance
– functions of skeletal system

Question 2

Classifications of bones by shape

Answer 2

-long bones (Femur, humerus)
-Short bones (Carpals, Tarsals)
-Flat bones (Ribs, skull plates)
-Irregular bones (Spine)
-Sesamoid bones (Patella)

Question 3

Parts of long bones

Answer 3

-Epiphysis: ends of bone
-Diaphysis: Shaft of bones
-Articular cartilage: Cartilage at the ends of bones
-Medullary cavity: Inside of bone
-Endosteum: Lining inside medullary cavity
-Periosteum: lining outside Bone
-Bone marrow: Lives inside bone

Question 4

Epiphyseal plate

Answer 4

A layer of hyaline cartilage at Either end of bones that lengthens to enable growth

Question 5

Osteoblasts

Answer 5

Immature cells that help form bone

Question 6

Osteoclasts

Answer 6

Dissolve unwanted or unhealthy bone

Question 7

Osteocytes

Answer 7

-Mature osteoblasts that perform the functions of osteoblasts and osteoclasts
-maintenance of bone density while assisting with the regulation of blood levels of calcium and phosphate

Question 8

Types of bone tissue

Answer 8

Spongy bone: Consists of a lattice work of bone called trabeculae
-Are at the ends of long bones in the middle of short bones

Compact bone: Consists of canals and passageways containing nerves and blood vessels
-are On the shaft of long bones and outer surfaces of other bones

Question 9

Osteon

Answer 9

Basic unit of bone composed of lamellae and haversian canals
(Like a nephron is the basic unit of the kidney)

Question 10

Lamellae

Answer 10

Compact bone in layers arranged in rings around haversian canals

Question 11

Collagen fibres in lamellae

Answer 11

They run in opposite directions to Strengthen bone

Question 12

Haversian Canal

Answer 12

Vertical channel inside lamellae That contains blood vessels

Question 13

Volkmanns Canal

Answer 13

Horizontal channel containing blood vessels

Question 14

Lacunae

Answer 14

Gaps between rings of lamellae that contain osteocytes

Question 15

Canaliculi

Answer 15

Small channels that connect everything together

Question 16

Endochondral ossification

Answer 16

The process of cartilage turning to bone

Question 17

First Stage of endochondral ossification

Answer 17

Early in foetal development, bones are composed of cartilage. these serve as models for bone development

Question 18

Second stage of endochondral ossification

Answer 18

Osteoblasts start to replace the cartilage. They coat the middle in a thin layer of bone

Question 19

Third stage of endochondral ossification

Answer 19

Blood vessels penetrate the cartilage and a primary ossification centre develops in the middle

Question 20

Fourth stage of endochondral ossification

Answer 20

The bone marrow cavity fills with blood and stem cells and the bone grows in length. Eventually secondary ossification occurs in the epiphyses

Question 21

Epiphyseal line

Answer 21

Line of spongy bone where epiphyseal plate closes and bone growth stops