Ch 20: Fluid, Electrolyte, And Acid-Base Balance Flashcards
How the body increases fluid intake
-stimulating the thirst center in the hypothalamus
-decrease of salivation, causing dry mouth
-consumption of water
How the body decreases urine output
-stimulate the hypothalamus to secrete anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
-ADH prompts collecting ducts to reabsorb more water
-fluid loss slows
Hypovolemia
Volume depletion that results from blood loss or when both sodium and water are lost (like from diarrhea)
Dehydration
Results when the body eliminates more water than sodium and water intake is not enough to cover water loss.
Main electrolytes in the body?
Sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, phosphate.
Sodium
Main electrolyte. Determines the volume of total body water and influences how water is distributed between fluid compartments
-plays a role in depolarization
Potassium
-Main electrolyte of intracellular fluid
-works with sodium for nerve and muscle function
Calcium
-strengthens bones
-plays a role in muscle contraction, nerve transmission and blood clotting
Chloride
-contributes to formation of stomach acid
-helps regular fluid balance and pH
-linked to sodium (they are friends)
Phosphate
Helps metabolize carbs
-bone formation
-acid-base balance
Acid
Any chemical that releases hydrogen ions
Base
Any chemical that accepts hydrogen ions
Chemical buffer
Removes hydrogen ions from a solution with too high pH, adds hydrogen ions to solution with too low pH
Physiological buffer
Uses the respiratory and urinary system to alter the output of acids, bases, or carbon dioxide
Word parts: kidney
Ren/o, nephr/o
