Ch 21: Digestive

Question 1

Organ structures in the digestive tract

Answer 1

-mouth
-Pharynx
-esophagus
-Stomach
-Small intestine
-Large intestine
-Rectum
-Anus

Question 2

Accessory organs of the digestive system

Answer 2

-Teeth
-Tongue
-Salivary glands
-Liver
-Pancreas
-Gallbladder

Question 3

What do the mesenteries do

Answer 3

Suspend the digestive organs within the abdominal cavity while anchoring them loosely to the abdominal wall

Question 4

Greater omentum

Answer 4

Extends from the greater curvature of the stomach over the small intestine

Question 5

Lesser omentum

Answer 5

Extends from the lesser curve of the stomach to the liver

Question 6

Lingual frenulum

Answer 6

Anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth

Question 7

Hard palate

Answer 7

Made of bone and separates the mouth from the nasal cavity

Question 8

Soft palate

Answer 8

Made mostly of skeletal muscle and forms an arch between the mouth and nasopharynx

Question 9

Parotid gland

Answer 9

Salivary gland located just Anterior to the ear
-Duct drains two roof of mouth near second molar

Question 10

Submandibular gland

Answer 10

Located underneath the mandible
-Empties either side of the lingual frenulum

Question 11

Sublingual gland

Answer 11

Located under the tongue
-Drains through multiple ducts onto the floor of the mouth

Question 12

Lower esophageal sphincter

Answer 12

Helps prevent the backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus

Question 13

Four regions of the stomach

Answer 13

Cardia
-Small ring right after the esophagus

Fundus
-Top bump of stomach

Body
-Most of stomach

Pylorus
-End part of stomach

Question 14

Chyme

Answer 14

Mixture of broken down food and gastric juice gross

Question 15

Rugae

Answer 15

Folds in the mucosa and submucosa of the stomach

Question 16

Hepatic lobules

Answer 16

Functional units of the liver

Question 17

Lobes of the liver

Answer 17

-Right lobe
-Left lobe
-Caudate lobe (near inferior vena cava)
-quadrate lobe (Near the gallbladder)

Question 18

What’s the liver for

Answer 18

-Secretes bile
-Glucose storage
-Processing and storing vitamins
-Filtering toxins
-Recycling red blood cells

Question 19

How does bile get from the liver to the gallbladder

Answer 19

-Right and left hepatic ducts merge to common hepatic duct, Which turns into the common bile duct and then backs up into the cystic duct and into gall bladder

Question 20

How does Firehall get from the gallbladder to duodenum

Answer 20

Exits gallbladder through cystic duct to common bile duct
-Merges with the duct from the pancreas to form ampulla of Vater
-Exits through sphincter of Oddi
-Comes out major duodenal papilla

Question 21

Acinar cells

Answer 21

Located in pancreas
-Secrete digestive enzymes in inactive form that break down lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates once activated

Question 22

Duodenum

Answer 22

-First 10 inches of small intestine

Question 23

Jejunum

Answer 23

Second part of small intestine
-About 8 feet long

Question 24

Ileum

Answer 24

Last part of the small intestine
-About 12 feet long
-Contain peyer’s patches

Question 25

Villi

Answer 25

Projections that increase surface area for absorption
-Produce digestive enzymes

Question 26

Cecum

Answer 26

-First part of the large intestine
-Attached to the appendix

Question 27

Ascending colon

Answer 27

-Second part of the large intestine
-Takes a sharp turn at the end called the right colic flexure Or hepatic flexure

Question 28

Transverse colon

Answer 28

-Third part of the large intestine
-Makes a sharp turn at the left colic flexure or splenic flexure

Question 29

Descending colon

Answer 29

-Fourth part of large intestine


Question 30

Sigmoid colon

Answer 30

-Fifth part of the large intestine
-Forms an S shape down to the rectum

Question 31

Rectum

Answer 31

-Sixth part of the large intestine


Question 32

Anal cavity

Answer 32

Last little bit of the large intestine
-Contains internal and external sphincter which are involuntary and voluntary respectively