Ch. 14 + Ch. 15 Lecs Flashcards by Gail I

behavioral psych is …

- results can be …

empirically based;

generalized

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main premise in behavioral therapy: no such thing as …, problem is …

unconscious;

the behavior

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(behavioral therapy)
was a reaction against lack of … for … therapy
- reaction against … - this theory doesn’t believe in …

empiricism;
psychoanalytic;
mental processes;
mental processes

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(behavioral therapy)

behaviors are …, can be specifically …, can be directly … and …

tangible;
defined;
observed;
changed

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(behavioral therapy)
behaviorism is rooted in principles of …
- … and …

learning;
operational;
classical conditioning

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(behavioral therapy)
behaviorism is rooted in principles of learning:
- if we learn something we can …

unlearn it through conditioning

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(behavioral therapy)

client’s behaviors are not …
dysfunctional behaviors that people have become …, which are hard to break

symptoms of underlying issues;

habits

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(behavioral therapy)

- measuring change … –> e.g. having alcoholic drink out of a measuring cup

observably

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(behavioral therapy - conditioning)

classical:
- …
- … paired with …

pavlov;
unconditioned response;
conditioned stimulus

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(behavioral therapy - conditioning)
operant:
- organism operates on enviro through …/…
- behavior is a function of its … (…/…)

rewards; punishment;

consequences; positive/negative consequences

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(behavioral therapy - conditioning)
techniques based on classical conditioning:
- pairing two things closely together in time will …
- … therapy
- …
- … training

fuse them;
exposure;
systematic desensitization;
assertiveness

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(behavioral therapy - conditioning)
techniques based on classical conditioning:

exposure therapy: exposes you to phobia while pairing together …
- exposing client to … while taking …

relaxation techniques;
phobia;
deep breaths

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(behavioral therapy - conditioning)
techniques based on classical conditioning:

exposure therapy:
- …. to gauge anxiety –> ask … and …

1-10 scale;
before relaxation;
after

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(behavioral therapy - conditioning)
techniques based on classical conditioning:

phobias are … –> what we … we can …

learned;
learn;
unlearn

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(behavioral therapy - conditioning)
techniques based on classical conditioning:
systematic desensitization: … approach
- similar to ….
- used with …/…

hierarchical;
exposure therapy;
phobias/anxiety

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(behavioral therapy - conditioning)
techniques based on classical conditioning:
systematic desensitization:
- start …
- main premise is that one cannot be simultaneously … and … at the same time –> … paired with …

slow; 
relaxed; 
anxious; 
relaxation techniques; 
anxiety

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(behavioral therapy - conditioning)
techniques based on classical conditioning:
systematic desensitization:
- like starting by looking at pic, then toy, etc
- exposure therapy is more …, ….

intense;

moves more quickly

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(behavioral therapy - conditioning)
techniques based on classical conditioning: 
assertiveness training: 
- helps people .../be more ... 
- helps address ...

have more confidence;
assertive;
social anxiety

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(behavioral therapy - conditioning)
techniques based on classical conditioning:
assertiveness training:
- people in this training are often afraid to …
- teaches people to …
- can also be done with … and …

say no;
say no;
modeling behavoirs;
role playing

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(behavioral therapy - conditioning)
techniques based on operant conditioning: 
- ...
- ... 
- ... 
- ... 
- ... (...)

contingency management; 
extinction; 
token economies; 
shaping; 
observational learning; modeling

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(behavioral therapy - conditioning)
techniques based on operant conditioning:

contingency management:
goal is to change … that govern our behavior
- all behavior occurs bc of its … (the … after the …)

if then statements;
contingencies;
then; ifs

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(behavioral therapy - conditioning)
techniques based on operant conditioning:

contingency management
goal is to change if, then statements that govern our behavior
- if contingencies change, … will change

behaviors

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(behavioral therapy - conditioning)
techniques based on operant conditioning:

contingency management:

…: consequence that makes behavior more likely to occur
…: decreasing behavior

reinforcement;

punishment

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(behavioral therapy - conditioning)
techniques based on operant conditioning:

contingency management - reinforcement:

preferred over …
…: getting something good
…: losing something bad

punishment;
positive reinforcement;
negative reinforcement

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(behavioral therapy - conditioning) techniques based on operant conditioning: contingency management - punishment: - positive: ... - negative: .... form of punishment, ...

adding something bad; most effective; losing something good

(behavioral therapy - conditioning) techniques based on operant conditioning: extinction: removal of ... to ... - can lead to ... (e.g. child having a worse tantrum when not giving in to their behavior)

expected reinforcement; decrease behavior; | extinction burst

(behavioral therapy - conditioning) techniques based on operant conditioning: token economies: clients earn ... for ... - works well in ..., ..., ..., etc - tokens can be exchanged for ...

``` tokens; certain behaviors; group homes; prisons; inpatient units; privileges ```

(behavioral therapy - conditioning) techniques based on operant conditioning: shaping: - reinforcing ... of the ... - ... toward the ...

successive approximations; target behavior; baby steps; target behavior

(behavioral therapy - conditioning) techniques based on operant conditioning: ``` observational learning (modeling): - ... are responsible for this ```

mirror neurons

(alternative to behavioral therapy) - ... - ... - ...

behavioral consultation; parent training; teacher training

(alternative to behavioral therapy) behavioral consultation: - more ... to modify clients' behaviors - would have more parties involved (e.g. ..., ..., ..., etc)

indirect; parent; spouse; caretaker

(alternative to behavioral therapy) behavioral consultation: - you all work together to try and figure out how to ... - like a ...

modify clients' behavior; | team approach

(alternative to behavioral therapy) parent training: - to deal with ... - esp with...

problematic children; | children on the spectrum

(alternative to behavioral therapy) teacher training: - to train teachers about ... and about the ... and about ... and how to deal with ...

problematic behavior; spectrum; psych; problem behaviors

(alternative to behavioral therapy) outcome issues: - ... - .... model of psychotherapy out there

empirically supported; | most widely researched

(alternative to behavioral therapy) outcome issues: - the only problem is that it only deals with our ... --> we are ...

behaviors; | beyond our behaviors

(alternative to behavioral therapy) outcome issues: - good for ..., ..., ..., good for ...

anxiety; depression; phobias; children's behavioral problems

(cognitive therapy) | CBT: looking at role of ..., ..., ..., how they're all intertwined and related

thoughts; behaviors; emotions

(cognitive therapy) cognitive therapy is very popular - combining what Freud and early theorists thought in terms of ... - seeks to modify ... and ...

thought; dysfunctional thoughts; behavioral patterns

(cognitive therapy) cognitive therapy is very popular - seeks to modify dysfunctional thoughts and behavioral problems: - we act in certain ways bc that's how we ... --> sometimes can be ... and can lead to ..., this therapy can help us ... and ...

``` get what we want; dysfunctional; undesirable results; identify those thoughts; change them ```

(cognitive therapy) - tends to be most ... - very ... and ..., very ...

endorsed; brief; structured; targeted on thoughts

(cognitive therapy) goal is to increase ... - fix .../... thinking patterns

logical thinking; | faulty/dysfunctional

(cognitive therapy) goal is to increase logical thinking - fix faulty/dysfunctional thinking patterns: - become aware of ... and ... --> replace it with something ... and ..., challenging clients and their ...

manipulations; fix them; healthy; logical; irrational thought processes

(cognitive therapy) goal is to increase logical thinking: - what we think of events/ how we interpret them stresses things in our lives - that's how we ... --> important to recognize ...

respond emotionally; | how we interpret events

(cognitive therapy) importance of cognitions: - thoughts, beliefs = ... --> how we ..., ...

cognitions; interpret events; assumptions

(cognitive therapy) importance of cognitions: 3 steps to revise cognitions: - ... - ... - ... with ...

identify them; challenge them; replace the illogical thoughts; logical ones

``` (cognitive therapy) importance of cognitions 3 steps to revise cognitions: identify them - ... - look at ... cognitions, ... that we have - can only change them when we're ... ```

awareness; illogical; automatic thoughts; aware of them

``` (cognitive therapy) importance of cognitions - 3 steps to revise cognitions; challenge them: - how ... are these thoughts? - have the client ... ```

true; | doubt the truth of their illogical beliefs

(cognitive therapy) | ..., ..., and ... all influence one another

thoughts; emotions; behaviors

(cognitive therapy) psychoeducational therapy: - uses therapy as a ... to ... the client about their ...

teaching tool; teach; thoughts

(cognitive therapy) psychoeducational therapy: - explaining how thoughts, behaviors and emotions are all ... and all ... - ... between sessions

intertwined; interact; homework assignments

``` (cognitive therapy) psychoeducaitonal therapy: homework assignements between sessions: - ... (e.g. journaling, keeping a record of events, feelings, etc) - ... --> ... for next session ```

written; behavioral; improving behaviors

(two approaches to cognitive therapy) - ...: ... - ...: ...

albert ellis; REBT; | aaron beck; cognitive therapy

(two approaches to cognitive therapy - albert ellis REBT) - looks at connection between ..., ... - ... are very rigid

rational thoughts; emotions; | irrational beliefs

(two approaches to cognitive therapy - albert ellis REBT) - if we have the ability to think irrationally, we have the ability to think ... - ... model

rationally; | ABCDE

(two approaches to cognitive therapy - albert ellis REBT) ABCDE model: - ...: identify the ... that leads to the thoughts

activating event; | event

(two approaches to cognitive therapy - albert ellis REBT) abcde model: - ...: what are the ..., ..., ... behind thoughts

belief; musts; should ; beliefs

(two approaches to cognitive therapy - albert ellis REBT) abcde model: - ...: ..., what causes ..., ...

consequence; emotional consequence; anxiety; anxiety consequence

(two approaches to cognitive therapy - albert ellis REBT) abcde model: - ...: ....

dispute; dispute the irrational belief;

(two approaches to cognitive therapy - albert ellis REBT) abcde model: - ...: create a .... that is a more ...

effective new belief; new belief; logical perspective

(two approaches to cognitive therapy - aaron beck cognitive therapy) - worked with ... a lot - originally developed this therapy to ... and ...

depression; | conceptualize; treat depression

(two approaches to cognitive therapy - aaron beck cognitive therapy) - uses ... instead of ABCDE

dysfunctinal thought record

``` (two approaches to cognitive therapy - aaron beck cognitive therapy) common thought distortions: - ... thinking - ... - .../... ```

all or nothing thinking; catastrophizing; magnification/minimization

``` (two approaches to cognitive therapy - aaron beck cognitive therapy) common thought distortions: - .... - ... - ... - ... ```

personalization; overgeneralization; mental filtering; mind reading

(two approaches to cognitive therapy - aaron beck cognitive therapy) common thought distortions: all or nothing thinking - no ... in thought process - everything is either ... or ...

gray area; wonderful; awful

(two approaches to cognitive therapy - aaron beck cognitive therapy) common thought distortions: - catastrophizing - expecting ... from everything - magnification/minimization - ..., ..., making ...

the worst; magnifying bad; minimzing the good; mountain out of molehill

(two approaches to cognitive therapy - aaron beck cognitive therapy) common thought distortions: - magnification/minimization: most depressed people will only ... - personalization: taking too much ..., taking responsibility for things that ...

focus on negative; responsibility; aren't in their control

(two approaches to cognitive therapy - aaron beck cognitive therapy) common thought distortions: - overgeneralization - ... applied too broadly (e.g. if I fail this one test, i will fail all of my tests) - mental filtering - ignoring ... and only focusing on ..., completely ...

negative thoughts; positive; negative; ignoring the good

(two approaches to cognitive therapy - aaron beck cognitive therapy) - mind reading - most ..., people expect you to know what they're ... or presuming to know ...

toxic; thinking; what others think

(two approaches to cognitive therapy - aaron beck cognitive therapy) beliefs as ... - beliefs, thoughts, feelings, etc are not ... - challenge client's ... and have them ... --> just like scientists ...

hypotheses; beliefs; challenge themselves; challenge hypotheses

(recent applications of cognitive therapy) - ... and ...-based therapies - ... problems - ... disorders - ... therapy

mindfulness; acceptance; medical; personality; metacognitive

(recent applications of cognitive therapy) mindfulness and acceptance-based therapies: - mindfully aware of ... and of yourself ... - full ...

present moment; without judgment; unconditional acceptance of yourself

(recent applications of cognitive therapy) mindfulness and acceptance-based therapies: - letting go of ... - mindfulness therapy tries to change people's relationships with ..., unlike ...

judgment; themsleves; cognitive therapy

(recent applications of cognitive therapy) mindfulness and acceptance-based therapies: acceptance based therapies: - accepting ..., ..., ..., etc --> may not like them, but have to accept them

emotions; thoughts; behaviors

(recent applications of cognitive therapy) acceptance-based therapies: - a: ... -c: ... to ..., ..., ...

accept; | commitment; yourself; views; values

(recent applications of cognitive therapy) acceptance based therapies: - t: ..., remain ..., ... for ... and for ... the whole acronym here is ...

take action; consistent; take action; yourself; your actions; ACT

(recent applications of cognitive therapy) medical problems: - ... for medical problems - how we ... medical problems --> will we be .../...

mindfulness based techniques; interpert; victim/survivor

(recent applications of cognitive therapy)personality disorders: - ... - ... helps with personality disorders, esp with ...

chronic; | mindfulness; bpd

(recent applications of cognitive therapy) personality disorders: mindfulness helps with personality disorders, esp for bpd - with bpd there are ... - helps ...

extreme emotions; | cope with emotions

(recent applications of cognitive therapy) personality disorders: - .... - ...

emotional regulation; | thinking things through

(recent applications of cognitive therapy) megacognitive therapy: - activating agent can be a ... rather than ...

thought; | something that happens to a person

(recent applications of cognitive therapy) metacognitive therapy: - looking at ..., ..., ... etc

anxiety; phobias; depression

(recent applications of cognitive therapy) metacognitive therapy: - thoughts about ... - thinking about ...

thoughts; | our thoughts

(recent applications of cognitive therapy) outcome issues: - very ..., ... - evidence that these methods ...

scientifically supported; empirically based; work