Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?
- transportation of oxygen, water and nutrients through the blood
- provides protection from disease with antibodies
- regulate body temperature by absorbing heat and taking it to the lungs or skin for release
- carries away lactic acid
Describe arteries
- they can vasoconstrict and vasodilate
- carry blood away from the heart
- high-pressure
- thick muscular walls
- carry oxygenated blood
- small lumen
What is vasoconstriction?
Reducing the diameter of small arteries to reduce blood flow to tissue
What is vasodilation
Is the increasing of the diameter of small arteries to increase bloodflow to tissues
Describe a vein
- Carry blood towards the heart
- Carry deoxygenated blood
- thin walls
- large lumen
- low-pressure
- valves to prevent blood flowing backwards
Describe capillaries
- tiny vessels linking arteries and veins
- One cell thick walls
- used for gaseous exchange
- low-pressure
How do you calculate maximum heart rate?
220 - age
Equation for cardiac output
Cardiac output= heart rate x stroke volume
What is cardiac output?
The amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute
What is heart rate?
The number of contractions of the heart each minute
What is stroke volume?
The amount of blood ejected from the heart on each contraction
What side of the heart carries oxygenated blood?
Left
What side of the heart carries deoxygenated blood?
Right
What does diastole mean?
When the heart ventricles are relaxed and the heart fills with blood
What does systole mean?
When the ventricles contract and pump blood to the arteries
