BIOL 437 Week Two Part 3 Flashcards
animals can be the
- host
- vector
- source of certian infections and diseases
zoonosis
- an infectious organism in vertebrate animals that can be transmiteed to humans through direct contact, a fomite or vector
- word comes from ‘animal’ and ‘ill’
notifiable diseases
- those of considerable public health importance because of their seriousness
- cause serious morbididty or death
- have the potential to spread
- can be controlled with appropriate intervention
CDC and immunizations
-if fewer than 80% of children in an area have been inoculated for one of the contagious disease
>danger of serious outbreaks or localized epidemics
-every unvaccinated child is at risk
active immunity
- body produces its own antibodies
- through vaccine (acquired) or in response to having a specific disease pathogen invade the body
passive immunity
-acquired through transplacental transfer of mother’s immunity to diseases to the unborn child
herd immunity
- viewed as the resistance a population has to the invasion and spread of infectious disease if mostly protected, chance of a major endemic occuring is highly limited
- varies with the disease due to pathogen characteristics
reproductive number
- amount of people an infected individual could transmit the disease to
- higher=need a higher immunity threshold
isolation
- applies to people who are known to be ill with a contagious disease
- often conducted on an impatient basis in hospitals or nursing homes
- most state laws requre 1 or 2 beds to be kept designated as isolation beds
quarantine
-applies to persons who have been exposed to a contagious disease, but may or may not become ill
malnutrition
- condition that arises when the body does not get the right amount of vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients
- either experiencing under or over nutrition
ex. scurvy, osteoporosis
under nutrition
- consuming too little essential vitamins, minerals and other nutrients OR excreting them faster than they can be replenished
- may result from excessive dieting, severe injury or serious illness
excessive loss may result from
- diarrhea
- heaving sweating
- heavy bleeding
- kidney failure
over nutrition
- Consumption of too much food
- Eating too many of the wrong things
- Too little physical activity
- Taking too many vitamins or dietary supplements
chronic diseases not usually caused by an infectious agent (pathogen)
- Genetic susceptibility
- Lifestyle
- Environmental exposures
- exceptions are cancers of the cervix, liver and stomach
