BIOL 437 Week 12 (Chronic Disease Epidemiology) Flashcards
1
Q
originally, epidemiology focused on
A
- a single pathogen
- a single cause of disease
- improvements in living and control of infectious diesease was paralleled by the emergence of chronic disease
2
Q
noninfectious acute conditions
A
- accidents
- suicide
- stroke
3
Q
noninfectious chronic disease
A
- heart disease
- cancer
- diabetes
- characterized by latency periods of 10 to 20 or more years
4
Q
chronic disease epidemiology
A
- involves study of distribution and determinants of chronic disease
- application of study for preventing and controlling chronic health problems
5
Q
William Farr
A
-promoted idea that some disease, especially chronic diseases, have a multifactorial etiology
6
Q
risk factor
A
-variable associated with an increased probability of experiencing an adverse health outcome
7
Q
risk factor examples
A
- behaviours
- environmental exposures
- inherent human characteristics
8
Q
environment reflects
A
-the aggregate of those external conditions and influences affecting the health status of people
9
Q
environmental conditions
A
- physical
- chemical
- biological
- social factors
10
Q
physical stresses
A
- excessive heat, cold and noise
- radiation
- vehicle collisions
- workplace injuries
- climate change
- ozone depletino
- housing
11
Q
radiation exposure
A
-can cause actue severe, intense results >radiation burn >nausea >fatigue >vomiting >diarrhea -chronic condition (damage to CNS and cancer)
12
Q
3 pathways people are exposed to radiation
A
- Inhalation (radioactive materials into lungs)
- Ingestion
- Direct exposure
13
Q
chemicals
A
- several are capable of causing chronic disease and adverse health conditions
- drugs
- acids
- alkali
- heavy metals (ex. lead)
- poisons
- some enzymes
14
Q
major sources of lead
A
- metal processing (52%)
- non-road engines and vehicles (13%)
- fuel combustion (13%)
- waste disposal (16%)
- other (6%)
15
Q
leaded gas
A
- in many countries
- poses a major source of lead exposure