BIOL 437 Week Two Part 2 Flashcards
exposure examples
- micro-organism
- tobacco components
incumbation/latency period
- stage of subclinical disease when individual is unaware of pathological changes that are occuring
- asymptomatic
- variable duration
incubation period
- infectious disease
- some pathological changes can be detected with specific tests
- interventions most effective at this stage before symptomatic
latency period
-chronic conditions
onset of symptoms
- transition from subclinical to clincal disease
- when most diagnoses are made
spectrum of disease
- variability of severity from mild to severe
- disease process ends with recovery, disability or death
infectivity
-the proportion of exposed persons who become infected
pathogenicity
-the proportion of infected individuals who develop clinically apparent disease
virulence
-the proportion of clinically apparent cases that are severe of fatal
carrier state
-individuals who are infectious but have subclinical disease (incubating disease)
>have an inapparent infection who never shows symptoms
-individuals who have recovered from clincial illness but remain infectious
iceberg concept
- recognizes the importance of inapparent cases
- host and cell level
clincial disease
-signs and symtoms evident
non-clinical (inapparent) disease types
- Preclinical
- Subclinical
- Persistant (chronic)
- Latent
preclinical
-will become clinical
subclinical
-diagnosed with serology or culture
persistant (chronic)
-infection persists
latent
-infection with no active agent replication
>not a risk to other individuals
carrier status
- individual ‘hosts’ the organism but is not infected
- no serological evidence of antibody
- limited duration or chronic
- able to infect others
Typhoid Mary (Mary Mallon)
- carrier for samonella
- caused at least 10 typhoid fever outbreaks
- was a cook in NYC
viability
- the capacity of the pathogen or disease-causing agent to survive outside the host and to exist in the environment
ex. guinea worm is 1 year, must break the cycle for 1 year
5 major disease categoreies
- Congenital and hereditary diseases
- Allergies and inflammatory diseases
- Degenerative diseases
- Metabolic disease
- Cancer
congential
-at birth
cogenital and hereditary diseases
- spontaneous developmental abnormalities (ex. some forms of Down Syndrome, congenital hypothyroidism)
- familial tendenceies toward certain inborn abnormalities and inherited conditions (eg. colourblindness, some forms of breast cancer)
- injury to the enbryo or fetus by environmental factors (eg. thalidamide, radiation, opoids)
allergies and inflammatory diseases
- body reacting to an invasion of or injury by a foreign object or substance
- includes diseases caused by pathogens (communicable and non-communicable)
