B7.1/7.2 - Non communicable diseases + cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Risk factors for disease

A

-genetics
-lifestyle
-substances of environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

carcinogens

A

agents that cause cancer or increase risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ionising radiation

A

-energy that causes ionisation of materials it passes through
-making them biologically active (mutation/cancer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

correlation

A

-apparent link between 2 factors
-does not prove causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

casual mechanism

A

-explains how one factor affects another
-eg smoking and lung cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

tumour

A

-mass of abnormally growing cells
-rapid growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how do tumours grow

A

-cells do not respond to normal mechanisms that control growth
-cell cycle is lost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

benign tumour

A

-growth of abnormal cells
-contained in one area (within a membrane)
-grows very fast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

when can benign tumours be dangerous

A

-when they are pushing on vital organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

malignant tumour cells

A

-invade neighbouring tissues
-spread via blood
-cancerous cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

secondary tumours

A

-formed from the spread of malignant cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How malignant tumours spread

A

-tumour splits
-releases clumps of cells into bloodstream/lymphatic system
-carried to other areas/lodged into organ tissues
-rapid growth = secondary tumours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

causes of cancer

A

-genetics
-mutations
-ionising radiation
-virus infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

causes of cancer: genetics

A

-common in breast/ovarian cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

causes of cancer: mutations

A

-changes genetic material
-eg carcinogens from tobacco

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

causes of cancer: ionising radiation

A

-can disrupt normal cell cycle
-uv light/x-rays can cause uncontrolled growth of pigment-forming cells

17
Q

causes of cancer: virus

A

-cervical cancer caused by HPV

18
Q

radiotherapy

A

cells are destroyed by targeted doses of radiation
-stops mitosis
-may damage healthy cells

19
Q

chemotherapy

A

chemicals used to stop cancer cells from growing
-can make them self-destruct