B3.1/B3.2/B3.3 - Digestion Flashcards
cells
the basic building blocks of life
tissues
a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function
organs
a group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function
Example of multiple types of tissues in one organ
stomach:
-muscular tissue
-glandular tissue
-epithelial tissue
muscular tissue in the stomach
churns food
glandular tissue in the stomach
produces digestive juices
epithelial tissue in the stomach
covers inside/outside of organ
organ system
a group of organs that depend on each other to carry out their function
example of organ systems
-digestive system
-circulatory system
organism
all the organ systems work together to allow full function
digestive system
where food is digested and absorbed
Pancreas functions
1 - makes hormones o control blood sugar
2 - produces some enzymes to digest food
How is he pancreas able to perform many functions
it produces secretions for its functions from two different types of tissue
Adaptations of small intestine
-villi
-small folds
-good blood supply
-cell-thick layer
villi purpose in small intestine
internal surface is covered with millions of this
-increases surface area for diffusion
good blood supply purpose in small intestine
-maintains concentration gradient for diffusion
cell-thick layer purpose in small intestine
allows short distance for diffusion
carbohydrates
-provide fuel for metabolic reactions
-used in cellular respiration
-contains hydrogen, oxygen, carbon
simple sugars
-carbohydrates with one or two sugar units
eg of simple sugars
glucose
complex carbohydrates
-made up of long chains of simple sugars bonded together
eg of complex carbs
-starch
-cellulose
Lipids
-fats (solid form) or oils (liquid form)
purpose of lipids in body
- most efficient energy store
- makes cell membranes, hormones, nervous system
Lipid structure
-3 molecules of fatty acids
-1 molecule of glycerol
Proteins use
-structural component of cells/tissues
-base of all enzymes
-hormones
-antibodies
protein molecule structure
-long chains of small units (amino acids)
-different arrangements = diff protein
peptide bonds
bonds between amino acids in a protein molecule
carbohydrase
-digests carbohydrates
-breaks them down into simple sugars
protease
-digests proteins into amino acids
-found in stomach/small intestine
where is protease produces
small intestine
pancreas
eg of carbohydrase
amylase in saliva
eg of protease
pepsin in stomach
lipase
-breaks lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
-found in small intestine
where is lipase produced
pancreas
small intestine
how does bile assist digestion of lipids
-as they are big molecules
-bile breaks lipids down into small fat droplets
-bile emulsifies the fat in your food
Food test for carbohydrates starch
-iodine test
-yellow to black
Food test for carbohydrates sugar
-benedict’s solution with a heat bath
-blue to red
Food test for proteins
-biuret test
-blue to purple
Food test for lipids
-ethanol
-clear to cloudy
