B2.1 - Cell Division Flashcards
1
Q
Gene
A
- small packet of info that controls a characteristic
- unique molecule that makes up your chromosomes
2
Q
Inherited chromosomes
A
-in each pair 1 is inherited from your mother and 1 from your father
3
Q
how many human chromosomes are there and in pairs
A
- 46 chromosomes
- 23 pairs
4
Q
Gametes and chromosomes
A
- only have 1 chromosome in each pair
- total 23 chromosomes
5
Q
Cell cycle definition
A
- series of stages where cells divide
- for replacement, reparation, growth
- replacing worn out cells or damaged tissue
6
Q
Mitosis
A
- produces 2 identical daughter cells
- causes all your body cells to have the same genetic info
7
Q
Mitosis in asexual reproduction
A
- produces offspring from parent cell
- no genetic variation
- exact same genes as the parent cell
8
Q
Different rates of the cell cycle throughout your life
A
- short as a baby develops before it’s born
- rapid during childhood
- slows down after puberty but still occurs throughout adulthood
9
Q
Stage 1 of the cell cycle
A
- longest stage
- cells grow bigger + increase their mass
- carries out normal cell activities
- replicate their DNA to form another copy
- increase of sub-cellular structures e.g mitochondria
10
Q
Stage 2 of the cell cycle
A
- Mitosis
- 1 set of chromosomes is pulled to either side of the parent cell to divide
- nucleus splits
11
Q
Stage 3 of the cell cycle
A
- cytoplasm and cell membrane divide
- forming 2 identical daughter cells
12
Q
Diploid chromosomes meaning
A
full set of chromosomes
13
Q
Diploid chromosomes in humans
A
- 46 chromosomes
- 23 pairs
14
Q
homologous pairs
A
- chromosomes are grouped in these pairs
- human = 23 pairs
15
Q
haploid meaning
A
half a set of chromosomes
