B6.5/B6.6 - Monoclonal antibodies Flashcards
hybridomas
-cells created during production of monoclonal antibodies
-combines lymphocyte and a tumor cell
lymphocyte
white blood cell that makes antibodies
-cannot divide
monoclonal antibodies
protein that are produced to target particular cells in the body
how monoclonal antibodies are made
-hybridoma cell divides and makes larger number of identical cell
-produces same antibodies
process of monoclonal antibodies
-mice lymphocytes + tumour cells = hybridoma cell
-cells are cloned and monoclonal antibodies are purified
monoclonal antibodies binding
-binds to one specific antigen found on particular cell
monoclonal antibodies uses
-pregnancy test
-diagnosis of disease
-measuring and monitoring
-research
monoclonal antibodies use: pregnancy tests
-binds to HCG (hormone in preganancy)
-displays positive result on test as it binds to hormone in urine
monoclonal antibodies use: diagnosis of disease
-binds to pathogens/cancer cells
-can carry marker that allow dr to see location of cells
monoclonal antibodies use: measuring and monitoring
-monitor levels of hormones/ other chemicals
-eg infections/drugs
monoclonal antibodies use: research
-locates specific molecules
-antibodies linked to dye that shows scientists location when bound to particular molecule
3 ways of treating cancer with monoclonal antibodies
-triggers immune system to recognise cancer cells = destroy them
-block receptors on surface of caner cells = prevents growth
-carry drugs or radioactive substances to cancer cells directly = destroys cancer cells without harming oher body cells
Advantages of monoclonal antibodies
-only damages diseased cells
-developments of mouse-human hybrid cells = prevents immune response
-dr are prepared for side effects and can treat them
Disadvantages of monoclonal antibodies
-creates more side effects than expected
-not as widely used
