B11 - Endocrine system Flashcards
endocrine system
glands secrete hormones into bloodstream
how do hormones reach target organ
via blood
-receptors from organ detect hormone molecules
-trigger response
hormones
chemical messages
endocrine system compared to nervous system
-slower
-longer lasting effect
rapid response hormones
insulin
adrenaline
slower hormones
growth
sex hormones
pituitary gland
-master gland
-found in brain
-secretes hormone into blood in response to changes in internal environment
pituitary gland and ADH
releases ADH
-controlled urine output by kidney
pituitary gland hormones other use
to stimulate other glands to release hormones
FSH = stimulating target organ
follicule stimulating hormone
-stimulates ovaries to produce oestrogen
TSH
stimulates thyroid gland to produce thyroxine
thyroxine
controls metabollic rate
pituitary gland function
-growth in children
-sex hormones
pancreas
controls levels of glucose in blood
-via insulin and glucagon
Adrenal gland
produces adrenaline for stressful situations
insulin use
-produced after eaten a meal
-decreases blood glucose level after it rises
stabilises glucose with narrow concentration range
insulin and glucose
allows glucose to move into cells from blood
insoluble store of glucose
glycogen in liver and muscles
Glycogen
when stores in liver and muscles are full
-stored as lipids = too much is obesity
glucagon
secreted by pancreas
-raises blood glucose level
-makes liver breakdown glycogen stores
negative feedback for glucose in pacreas
-switches between two hormones
-keeps glucose levels constant
Type 1 diabetes occurs in who
children and teens
Type 1 diabetes happens because of
genetics
Type 1 diabetes
-pancreas doesn’t make enough insulin
-glucose isn’t controlled after eating
Type 1 diabetes - thirst cause
kidneys excrete glucose in urine
Type 1 diabetes = lack of energy
- glucose cannot enter cells = lack of energy
Type 1 diabetes - loss of weight
-breaks down lipid stores as fuel instead
Type 2 diabetes happens in who
-older ppl
-obese
Type 2 diabetes
pancreas makes insulin but not enough
or cells don’t respond to it
Treating Type 2 diabetes
-balanced diet
-exercise
losing weight
Treating Type 1 diabetes
-insulin before meals = injected
-allows glucose to be taken in by cells and converted to glycogen
why is insulin injected and not ingested
would be digested
Type 1 diabetes - transplant treatment
-pancreas = risky
-pancreatic cells that make insulin - unsuccessful
Drugs for treating diabetes
-make insulin work better
-make more insulin
-reduce glucose you absorb from gut
negative feedback meaning
coordination of changes
in the internal environment of your body
with amounts of hormones produced
-maintains steady state
negative feedback changes
if one factor increases = changes are made to restore usual level
initial change = opposite effect to restore
Negative feedback: thyroxine
-produced by pituitary gland + TSH
-if levels fall brain detects this by sensors
-releases TSH
Adrenaline causes (5)
-pupils to dilate
-faster heart rate and breathing rate
-glucagon = glucose for resp
-increase in mental awareness
-blood diverted from digestive system to brain/muscles
adrenaline boosts
delivery of o2 and glucose to brain
