B5.6/B5.7/B5.8/B5.10 - Types of diseases

Question 1

cure for bacterial diseases

Answer 1

antibiotics

Question 2

cure for viral diseases

Answer 2

no cure

Question 3

symptoms

Answer 3

body’s reaction to virus spreading

Question 4

Measles symptoms

Answer 4

-fever + red skin rash
-long term = blindness/brain damage

Question 5

Measles spreads by

Answer 5

droplet infection

Question 6

Measles treatment

Answer 6

only vaccinations to build immunity

Question 7

HIV symptoms

Answer 7

-mild flu-like symptoms

Question 8

HIV spreads through

Answer 8

-direct sexual contact
-exchange of bodily fluids

Question 9

AIDS development

Answer 9

-HIV pathogen attacks immune cells
-weakens immune system
-body comes in contact with another pathogen and it too weak to fight it = state of AIDS

Question 10

HIV treatment

Answer 10

-no cure/vaccine
-prevented by condoms
+ not sharing needles
+ reducing number of sexual partners
-regular use of antiretroviral drugs prevents AIDS

Question 11

Tobacco Mosaic virus (TMV)

Answer 11

-caused by virus in plants

Question 12

TMV cause

Answer 12

-vectors spread disease

Question 13

TMV symptoms

Answer 13

-mosaic pattern on plant leaves
-stunts growth
-reduced crop yield

Question 14

Prevention of TMV

Answer 14

-good hygiene
-pest control = eliminates vectors
-TMV -resistant strains of crops

Question 15

Salmonella Food poisoning

Question 16

salmonella

Answer 16

bacteria that lives in guts of animals

Question 17

effect of salmonella

Answer 17

-disrupts natural bacteria of gut

Question 18

cause of salmonella

Answer 18

-undercooked food = bacteria not killed
-unhygienic conditions = contaminated

Question 19

symptoms of salmonella

Answer 19

-fever
-abdominal cramps
-vomiting
-diarrhoea

Question 20

prevention of salmonella by

Answer 20

-vaccinating poultry
-isolating raw meat
-disinfect hands/surfaces

Question 21

Gonorrhoea

Answer 21

-STD
-bacterial infection

Question 22

Gonorrhoea spreads by

Answer 22

unprotected sexual contact

Question 23

Prevention/cure of Gonorrhoea

Answer 23

-condoms
-reducing number of sexual partners
-antibiotics

Question 24

Symptoms of Gonorrhoea

Answer 24

-thick yellow discharge
-pain in urination
-long term = pelvic pain/infertility/ectopic pregnancy

Question 25

Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Answer 25

-cases crown galls

Question 26

crown galls

Answer 26

growth of unspecialised cells that grow between root/shoot

Question 27

How Agrobacterium tumefaciens affect the plant

Answer 27

-bacteria insert plasmids into plant cells -cause crown galls

Question 28

Agrobacterium tumefaciens scientific advancements

Answer 28

-key tool for scientists to modify plants cell with + add new genes

Question 29

Rose black spot disease

Answer 29

-fungal disease in roses

Question 30

Rose black spot disease symptoms

Answer 30

-black spots on rose leaves -leaves turn yellow + drop early -weakens plant = less photosynthesis

Question 31

Rose black spot disease spread

Answer 31

-fungal spread carried by wind -stay dormant through winter

Question 32

Rose black spot disease prevented by

Answer 32

-burning infected plants -fungicides

Question 33

protists

Answer 33

a type of single celled organism -carried by vectors that transfers to a host

Question 34

Malaria cause

Answer 34

-caused by protist (Plasmodium) -which reproduces sexually in vectors and asexually in host

Question 35

Protists (malaria) travel in body of host

Answer 35

-transferred into bloodstream -as mosquito feeds on human

Question 36

Effect of protists

Answer 36

-attack liver and red blood cells

Question 37

Malaria symptoms

Answer 37

-fever -shaking -can be fatal

Question 38

Malaria prevented by

Answer 38

- using mosquito nets -insecticides -taking antiretroviral drugs -removing standing bodies of water - reduces breeding of vectors

Question 39

aphids

Answer 39

insects that penetrate plant's phloem and feed on dissolved food -can act as vectors for pathogens

Question 40

Effect o plants due to aphids

Answer 40

-aphids sharp mouth used to feed damages plant -

Question 41

Prevention of aphids

Answer 41

-insecticides -releasing aphid eating insects

Question 42

Nematode worms

Answer 42

-feed on soil plant roots -damages plant = can't absorb nutrients = stunted growth

Question 43

Nitrate ion deficiency in plants

Answer 43

-cannot convert sugars in photosynthesis to proteins needed in proteinsynthesis -stunted growth

Question 44

Magnesium ion deficiency in plants

Answer 44

-chlorophyll cannot be made -leaves turn yellow (chlorosis) -growth slows = lack of photosynthesis

Question 45

symptoms of disease in plants

Answer 45

-stunted growth -areas of decay -spots on leaves -malformed leaves/stem -discolouration -growths (crown galls) -presence of visible pests

Question 46

How can plant disease be managed

Answer 46

-gardening manuals = compare symptoms -lab tests = to identify pathogen -monoclonal antibodies = testing kits identify pathogen