B5.6/B5.7/B5.8/B5.10 - Types of diseases Flashcards
cure for bacterial diseases
antibiotics
cure for viral diseases
no cure
symptoms
body’s reaction to virus spreading
Measles symptoms
-fever + red skin rash
-long term = blindness/brain damage
Measles spreads by
droplet infection
Measles treatment
only vaccinations to build immunity
HIV symptoms
-mild flu-like symptoms
HIV spreads through
-direct sexual contact
-exchange of bodily fluids
AIDS development
-HIV pathogen attacks immune cells
-weakens immune system
-body comes in contact with another pathogen and it too weak to fight it = state of AIDS
HIV treatment
-no cure/vaccine
-prevented by condoms
+ not sharing needles
+ reducing number of sexual partners
-regular use of antiretroviral drugs prevents AIDS
Tobacco Mosaic virus (TMV)
-caused by virus in plants
TMV cause
-vectors spread disease
TMV symptoms
-mosaic pattern on plant leaves
-stunts growth
-reduced crop yield
Prevention of TMV
-good hygiene
-pest control = eliminates vectors
-TMV -resistant strains of crops
Salmonella Food poisoning
salmonella
bacteria that lives in guts of animals
effect of salmonella
-disrupts natural bacteria of gut
cause of salmonella
-undercooked food = bacteria not killed
-unhygienic conditions = contaminated
symptoms of salmonella
-fever
-abdominal cramps
-vomiting
-diarrhoea
prevention of salmonella by
-vaccinating poultry
-isolating raw meat
-disinfect hands/surfaces
Gonorrhoea
-STD
-bacterial infection
Gonorrhoea spreads by
unprotected sexual contact
Prevention/cure of Gonorrhoea
-condoms
-reducing number of sexual partners
-antibiotics
Symptoms of Gonorrhoea
-thick yellow discharge
-pain in urination
-long term = pelvic pain/infertility/ectopic pregnancy
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
-cases crown galls
crown galls
growth of unspecialised cells that grow between root/shoot
How Agrobacterium tumefaciens affect the plant
-bacteria insert plasmids into plant cells
-cause crown galls
Agrobacterium tumefaciens scientific advancements
-key tool for scientists to modify plants cell with
+ add new genes
Rose black spot disease
-fungal disease in roses
Rose black spot disease symptoms
-black spots on rose leaves
-leaves turn yellow + drop early
-weakens plant = less photosynthesis
Rose black spot disease spread
-fungal spread carried by wind
-stay dormant through winter
Rose black spot disease prevented by
-burning infected plants
-fungicides
protists
a type of single celled organism
-carried by vectors that transfers to a host
Malaria cause
-caused by protist (Plasmodium)
-which reproduces sexually in vectors and asexually in host
Protists (malaria) travel in body of host
-transferred into bloodstream
-as mosquito feeds on human
Effect of protists
-attack liver and red blood cells
Malaria symptoms
-fever
-shaking
-can be fatal
Malaria prevented by
- using mosquito nets
-insecticides
-taking antiretroviral drugs
-removing standing bodies of water - reduces breeding of vectors
aphids
insects that penetrate plant’s phloem and feed on dissolved food
-can act as vectors for pathogens
Effect o plants due to aphids
Prevention of aphids
-insecticides
-releasing aphid eating insects
Nematode worms
-feed on soil plant roots
-damages plant = can’t absorb nutrients = stunted growth
Nitrate ion deficiency in plants
-cannot convert sugars in photosynthesis to proteins needed in proteinsynthesis
-stunted growth
Magnesium ion deficiency in plants
-chlorophyll cannot be made
-leaves turn yellow (chlorosis)
-growth slows = lack of photosynthesis
symptoms of disease in plants
-stunted growth
-areas of decay
-spots on leaves
-malformed leaves/stem
-discolouration
-growths (crown galls)
-presence of visible pests
How can plant disease be managed
-gardening manuals = compare symptoms
-lab tests = to identify pathogen
-monoclonal antibodies = testing kits identify pathogen
