B4.3/B4.4/B4.5 - Heart and Lungs

Question 1

Atria

Answer 1

• top chamber of heart

Question 2

vena cava

Answer 2

• large vein
  -carries deoxygenated blood from body to heart

Question 3

pulmonary vein

Answer 3

-large blood vessel
-carries oxygenated blood to heart from lungs

Question 4

pulmonary artery

Answer 4

-carries deoxygenated blood from right ventrice of heart to lungs

Question 5

ventricles

Answer 5

chamber of heart that contract to force blood out of heart

Question 6

coronary arteries

Answer 6

-blood vessels
-supply oxygenated blood to heart muscle

Question 7

aorta

Answer 7

-artery that leaves heart from left ventricle
-carries oxygenated blood to body

Question 8

valves in heart

Answer 8

• found in pulmonary artery and aorta

Question 9

why is the muscle wall in the left ventricle thicker than that of the right ventricle

Answer 9

-allows more pressure = to force blood through arterial system - away from heart
-right ventricle wall is thinner = less pressure = no damage t capillaries in lungs

Question 10

Coronary heart disease

Answer 10

-coronary arteries become narrow
-due to a build up of fatty material
-oxygen to heart is reduced = heart attack

Question 11

how can coronary heart disease be resolved

Answer 11

-by a stent
-by a bypass surgery when a stent cannot help

Question 12

stent in heart

Answer 12

-metal mesh that is placed in artery
-balloon is inflated to open stent = opens vessel
-balloon is deflated but stent/artery is open

Question 13

bypass surgery

Answer 13

-replaces narrow artery with vein from somewhere else in body

Question 14

statins

Answer 14

-reduce cholesterol levels
-slows down rate of fatty material depositing in coronary arteries
-prescribed for anyone at risk of cardiovascular disease

Question 15

how can you help damaged heart valves

Answer 15

-replace with biological/mechanical valves

Question 16

how can you help irregular rhythm of heart

Answer 16

-artificial pacemakers
-sends eletc rical signals to your heart to stimulate it

Question 16

how can you help irregular rhythm of heart

Answer 16

-artificial pacemakers
-sends eletc rical signals to your heart to stimulate it

Question 16

how can you help irregular rhythm of heart

Answer 16

-artificial pacemakers
-sends eletc rical signals to your heart to stimulate it

Question 16

how can you help irregular rhythm of heart

Answer 16

-artificial pacemakers
-sends electrical signals to your heart to stimulate it

Question 17

resting rhythm of heart

Answer 17

-controlled by cells in right atrium
-acts as a natural pacemaker

Question 18

artificial hearts

Answer 18

-used to keep patient alive
-as they wait for a transplant
or to allow heart to recover

Question 19

diaphragm

Answer 19

strong sheet of muscle

Question 20

Breathing in process

Answer 20

-ribs move up + out
-diaphragm flattens
-volume of chest increases
-increased volume = low pressure

Question 21

how is air drawn into lungs

Answer 21

-atmospheric air at a higher pressure than in lungs
-so air is drawn in

Question 22

Breathing out process

Answer 22

-ribs fall
-diaphragm moves u
-volume of chest decreases
-pressure increases = forces air out

Question 23

Adaptations of alveoli

Answer 23

-large SA = effective diffusion
-rich blood supply = maintains concentration gradient
-thin walls = short diffusion distance