B4.3/B4.4/B4.5 - Heart and Lungs Flashcards
Atria
- top chamber of heart
vena cava
- large vein
-carries deoxygenated blood from body to heart
pulmonary vein
-large blood vessel
-carries oxygenated blood to heart from lungs
pulmonary artery
-carries deoxygenated blood from right ventrice of heart to lungs
ventricles
chamber of heart that contract to force blood out of heart
coronary arteries
-blood vessels
-supply oxygenated blood to heart muscle
aorta
-artery that leaves heart from left ventricle
-carries oxygenated blood to body
valves in heart
- found in pulmonary artery and aorta
why is the muscle wall in the left ventricle thicker than that of the right ventricle
-allows more pressure = to force blood through arterial system - away from heart
-right ventricle wall is thinner = less pressure = no damage t capillaries in lungs
Coronary heart disease
-coronary arteries become narrow
-due to a build up of fatty material
-oxygen to heart is reduced = heart attack
how can coronary heart disease be resolved
-by a stent
-by a bypass surgery when a stent cannot help
stent in heart
-metal mesh that is placed in artery
-balloon is inflated to open stent = opens vessel
-balloon is deflated but stent/artery is open
bypass surgery
-replaces narrow artery with vein from somewhere else in body
statins
-reduce cholesterol levels
-slows down rate of fatty material depositing in coronary arteries
-prescribed for anyone at risk of cardiovascular disease
how can you help damaged heart valves
-replace with biological/mechanical valves
how can you help irregular rhythm of heart
-artificial pacemakers
-sends eletc rical signals to your heart to stimulate it
how can you help irregular rhythm of heart
-artificial pacemakers
-sends eletc rical signals to your heart to stimulate it
how can you help irregular rhythm of heart
-artificial pacemakers
-sends eletc rical signals to your heart to stimulate it
how can you help irregular rhythm of heart
-artificial pacemakers
-sends electrical signals to your heart to stimulate it
resting rhythm of heart
-controlled by cells in right atrium
-acts as a natural pacemaker
artificial hearts
-used to keep patient alive
-as they wait for a transplant
or to allow heart to recover
diaphragm
strong sheet of muscle
Breathing in process
-ribs move up + out
-diaphragm flattens
-volume of chest increases
-increased volume = low pressure
how is air drawn into lungs
-atmospheric air at a higher pressure than in lungs
-so air is drawn in
Breathing out process
-ribs fall
-diaphragm moves u
-volume of chest decreases
-pressure increases = forces air out
Adaptations of alveoli
-large SA = effective diffusion
-rich blood supply = maintains concentration gradient
-thin walls = short diffusion distance
