B13 - Genomes/proteinsynthesis Flashcards
chromosomes made up of and structure
polymers
-double helix
genes
small section of DNA
-codes characteristics
-thousands in a chromosome
gene code
each for a particular sequence of amino acids to make a specific protein
genome
-entire genetic material of an organism
human genome
human genome + mitochondria
-includes specific/ separate dna of mitochondria
mitochondria dna
inherited by mother only
-comes from mitochondria of egg cell
by comparing different genomes
-discover their interactions
understanding genomes of bacteria/viruses
-cause of disease and cure
pros of human genome project
-understand inherited disorders (treatment by repairing faulty genes/ medicine)
- predicts risk for an individual = suggest changes
-cancer = best treatment
Dna makeup
-alternating sugar
-phosphate section
-bases
all make up 1 nucleotide
bases eg
-a
c
g
t
bases pair
a and t
g and c
dna polymer
nucleotides
production of a protein
-3 nucleotides = code for 1 amino acid
-order of bases = order of amino acids assembles
mutation
disrupts entire protein structure/function
first step of making a protein - template
-genes produce a template for the protein
reason for a template
able to leave nucleus as it is small enough
template
reflects sequence of bases in DNA
process of forming a protein - proteinsynthesis
-template leaves + binds to surface of ribosome
-carrier molecules attach in right order
- amino acids join = protein
carrier molecules
-found in cytoplasm
-each attached to an amino acid
-attach to template in right order
when will the carrier molecules stop bringing amino acids
when template is complete
what happens after protein is made
-protein detaches from carrier molecule
-carrier detaches from template and returns to cytoplasm to pick up more amino acids
-molecules folds to form a unique shape for function
change in DNA =
changes template made and protein made/function
