B13 - Genomes/proteinsynthesis

Question 1

chromosomes made up of and structure

Answer 1

polymers
-double helix

Question 2

genes

Answer 2

small section of DNA
-codes characteristics
-thousands in a chromosome

Question 3

gene code

Answer 3

each for a particular sequence of amino acids to make a specific protein

Question 4

genome

Answer 4

-entire genetic material of an organism

Question 5

human genome

Question 6

human genome + mitochondria

Answer 6

-includes specific/ separate dna of mitochondria

Question 7

mitochondria dna

Answer 7

inherited by mother only
-comes from mitochondria of egg cell

Question 8

by comparing different genomes

Answer 8

-discover their interactions

Question 9

understanding genomes of bacteria/viruses

Answer 9

-cause of disease and cure

Question 10

pros of human genome project

Answer 10

-understand inherited disorders (treatment by repairing faulty genes/ medicine)
- predicts risk for an individual = suggest changes
-cancer = best treatment

Question 11

Dna makeup

Answer 11

-alternating sugar
-phosphate section
-bases
all make up 1 nucleotide

Question 12

bases eg

Answer 12

-a
c
g
t

Question 13

bases pair

Answer 13

a and t
g and c

Question 14

dna polymer

Answer 14

nucleotides

Question 15

production of a protein

Answer 15

-3 nucleotides = code for 1 amino acid
-order of bases = order of amino acids assembles

Question 16

mutation

Answer 16

disrupts entire protein structure/function

Question 17

first step of making a protein - template

Answer 17

-genes produce a template for the protein

Question 18

reason for a template

Answer 18

able to leave nucleus as it is small enough

Question 19

template

Answer 19

reflects sequence of bases in DNA

Question 20

process of forming a protein - proteinsynthesis

Answer 20

-template leaves + binds to surface of ribosome
-carrier molecules attach in right order
- amino acids join = protein

Question 21

carrier molecules

Answer 21

-found in cytoplasm
-each attached to an amino acid
-attach to template in right order

Question 22

when will the carrier molecules stop bringing amino acids

Answer 22

when template is complete

Question 23

what happens after protein is made

Answer 23

-protein detaches from carrier molecule
-carrier detaches from template and returns to cytoplasm to pick up more amino acids
-molecules folds to form a unique shape for function

Question 24

change in DNA =

Answer 24

changes template made and protein made/function