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GCSE AQA Biology > B18 - Biodiversity > Flashcards

B18 - Biodiversity Flashcards

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1
Q

biodiversity

A

measure of variety of all different species of organisms within an ecosystem

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2
Q

high biodiversity =

A

stability of ecosystems
-loss of species has limited effect = replaced easier

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3
Q

how does high biodiversity affect dependency of species on one another

A

-reduces dependency
-for water, shelter, food

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4
Q

Humans effect on biodiversity

A

-land used
-farming
-human waste
-quarrying

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5
Q

Humans effect on biodiversity: land used

A

-building = destruction of habitat

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6
Q

Humans effect on biodiversity: farming

A

-strips soil of nutrients
-less biodiversity

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7
Q

Humans effect on biodiversity: waste

A

-pollutes environment

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8
Q

Humans effect on biodiversity: quarrying

A

reduces habitat

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9
Q

soil pollution

A

-with chemicals and parasites from sewage

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10
Q

landfills issue

A

-take up room
-destroy habitats
-toxins from waste enter soil

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11
Q

Farming = land pollution

A

-toxins from fertilisers wash into soils/streams
-strips land of nutrients

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12
Q

farming = water pollution

A

-toxins poisons aquatic life
-bio accumulation effect

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13
Q

bioaccumulation

A

-toxins cannot be broken down in organisms
-as food chain builds up = toxins
-dangerous amount of toxins in top predators

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14
Q

untreated sewage effect on stream

A

allows nitrates to enter
-eutrophication

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15
Q

eutrophication

A

-nitrates = algae to grow
-they block light = no photosynthesis for other plants
-decomposers feed on dead plants
-they respire = lack of O2 and
-fish die = decomposers to repeat process

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16
Q

bio indicators

A

-salmon = really clean water
-blood worms = really dirty water

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17
Q

monitor pollution levels

A

measure pH
-measure o2 levels

18
Q

cause of acid rain

A

-due to combustion of fossil fuels
-acidic sulfur dioxide + nitrogen oxides dissolve in rainwater
-react with o2 = dilute sulfuric and nitric acid

19
Q

effect of acid rain

A

-falls onto trees = kills leaves/fruit
-soaks into soil = destroys roots
-lakes = acidic = no life

20
Q

smoke pollution

A

-high number of particulates
-reflect sunlight = less light hits Earth
-dimming effect = cooling temp of Earth
-lung cancer

21
Q

particulates

A

tiny solid particles

22
Q

smog

A

-sulfur dioxide + nitrogen oxides
-haze of small particles and acidic gases

23
Q

reasons for deforestation

A

-grow staple foods
-rear more cattle
-grow crops = biofuel

24
Q

effects of deforestation

A

-more co2
-slash and burn
-decomposes feed on dead vegetation = co2
-carbon sink is lost

25
Q

loss of biodiversity

A

species become extinct

26
Q

peat bog destruction

A

-massive carbon store
-burnt as a fuel = co2

27
Q

peat

A

-doesnt decay
-very acidic
-improves soil and produces compost

28
Q

eg co2 sinks

A

-plants and water

29
Q

methane production

A

-from rice and cattle farming

30
Q

greenhouse effect

A

-sun warms Earth
-rays are radiated back into space
-co2 absorbs rays
-keeps surface warm = thicker blanket

31
Q

consequences of greenhouse effect

A

-loss of habitat = flooding and rising sea levels
-change in migration = climate changes
-reduced biodiversity

32
Q

seasonal changes

A

-amount of rainfall
-water available
-sunlight hours

33
Q

climate changes

A

-animals migrate to avoid weather changes

34
Q

geographical changes

A

-pH
-altitude
-saltiness of water

35
Q

Negative aspects of human interaction

A

-climate change
-effect of acid rain on soil
-pollution from farming/industry

36
Q

Positive aspects of human interaction

A

-conserving forests
-reducing water pollution
-maintaining pH
-replantation

37
Q

breeding programmes

A

-restore endangered species
-bread in zoos and returned when safe

38
Q

protection and regeneration of habitats

A

-protects species
-protects biodiversity

39
Q

reintroduction of of hedgerows

A

-prevents soil erosion
-increases biodiversity
-reduces monoculture

40
Q

reduction of deforestation

A

-laws against it
-investment in electricity generated industry = less co2

41
Q

recycling

A

-less landfills
-organic waste as compost

GCSE AQA Biology (45 decks)

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