Anatomy

Question 1

Foot is dorsiflexed and everted after injury. Pt is unable to stand on tip toes.

Damage to what nerve caused this? What level of the leg?

Answer 1

Tibial nerve injury at the level of the popliteal fossa

TIP (Tibial Inverts and Plantarflexes; if injured can’t stand on TIPtoes)
PED (Peroneal Everts and Dorsiflexes; if injured foot dropPED).

Question 2

Outstretched hand fall - pt has wrist pain and decreased sensation on multiple palmar fingers.

Answer 2

lunate dislocation - median nerve injury due to acute carpal tunnel symptoms

Question 3

What muscle facilitates foot inversion?

Answer 3

tibialis posterior

Question 4

What muscles facilitates toe flexion?

Answer 4

flexor digitorum/hallucis longus

Question 5

what nerve innervates the gastrocnemius mucle?

Answer 5

tibial nerve (plantar flexor muscles!)

Question 6

gastrocnemius, coleus and plantaris are innervated by tibial nerve and facilitate what foot movement?

Answer 6

plantarflexion

Question 7

What is the calcaneovalgus position? Injury to what structure can product this appearance?

Answer 7

foot dorsiflexed and everted - tibial nerve injury (TIP)

Question 8

What nerve innervates the sole of the foot? dorsum of the foot?

Answer 8

tibial

superficial paroneal nerve except for skin between big and second toe (also innervates skin on lateral leg)

Question 9

what innervates skin on medial leg?

Answer 9

cutaneous branches of saphenous nerve

Question 10

pt has sensory loss over sole and weakness in intrinsic foot muscles that prevent standing on toes. Plantar flextion and foot inversion are intact.

what is the injury?

Answer 10

injury to tibial nerve (at the level of the tarsel tunnel!)

Question 11

what makes up the tarsel tunnel?

Answer 11

tibial nerve travels through tarsel tunnel (between the flexor teinaculum and medial serfaces of he laus and calcaneus)

Question 12

What is the function of the illeopsoas muscle?

Answer 12

illiacus and psoas mucle join to facilitate hip flexion

Question 13

What muscle lies immediately deep to the internal oblique and provides suppot to the abominal contents during respiration without interfering with rib cage movement?

Answer 13

transversus abdominus (transversalis)

Question 14

what muscle helps flex the hip and contributes to lateral rotation and abduction of the thigh?

Answer 14

illeopsoas muscle

Question 15

what is more common ACL or PCL injury?

Answer 15

ACL (lateral femoral condyle => anterior tibia)

ALan P. Mordue

Question 16

The patellar tendon is the continuation of the ______.

Answer 16

quaracepts femoris tendin

Question 17

What makes up the carpal tunnel?

Answer 17

defined as space between carpal bones on dorsal aspect and transverse carpal ligament (aka flexor retinaculum) on the volar/palmar aspect. Structures that travel through tunnel:

• median nerve
• flexor pollicis longus tendon
• flexor digitorum superficialis tendons
• flexor digitorusm profundus tendons

Question 18

capel tunnel syndrome is associated with impaired ____.

Answer 18

sensation on palmar surface of first 3 digits and radial half of 4th digit

wakness in thumb abduction and opposition and atraphy of the thenar eminence

Question 19

biceps femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranosus facilitate what movement?

Answer 19

KNEE FLEXION - hamgstring muscles - pulled hammi makes it hard to extend knee!

Question 20

direct blow to the anterior aspect of the knee from fall or MVA is likely to cause patellar fracture and impaired ____.

Answer 20

KNEE EXTENSION - patellar tendon is extensino of quadraceps femoris tendon - patellar trauma can damage connection of quads to knee and result in inability to straighten leg against gravity.

Question 21

lateral compartment contains the ____ nerve.

Answer 21

superficial peroneal

Question 22

anterior compartment contains the _____ nerve and the ____ artery

Answer 22

deep peroneal nerve and the anterior tibial artery

Question 23

tibial nerve is located in the _____ compartment

Answer 23

deep posterior - alter the posterior tibial artery

Question 24

superficial peroneal nerve is located in the ____ compartment

Answer 24

lateral

Question 25

pt has decreased sensation between first and second toe, decreased dorsiflexion of foot, foot drop and claw foot. What is the cause?

Answer 25

injury to deep peroneal nerve or damage to the anterior tibial artery (anterior compartment - contains foot extensor muscles)

Question 26

Posterior tibial artery, peroneal artery and tibial nerve are located in the _____ compartment.

Answer 26

deep posterior

Question 27

superficial peroneal nerve and proximal part of deep peroneal nerve are located in the ____ compartment.

Answer 27

lateral

Question 28

T/F the great sphenous vein is not susceptible to acute compartment syndrome because it runs outisde the deep facia of the leg

Answer 28

true - GSF drains to the femoral vein in the femoral triangle

Question 29

pt has flattened deltoid, loss of arm abduction at sholder (can't move arm past 15 degrees), loss of sensatioon over deltoid muscle and lateral arm What is the cause of injury?

Answer 29

axillary nerve damage - due to: - fractured surgical neck of humerus - anterior dislocation of humerus

Question 30

quarterback takes a blow to the arm as hes about to throw - what is the mostlikely injury?

Answer 30

arm is already externally rotated and abducted - most likely is further anterior dislocation of humerus and axillary nerve damage.

Question 31

person injures themselves firing a shot-gut what is most likely structure to be damaged?

Answer 31

choracoid process of scapula

Question 32

cause of broken arm due to fall on outstreched hand

Answer 32

torsion - results in spiral fracture of humerus

Question 33

claw hand when at rest

Answer 33

distal ulnar nerve injury "ulnar claw"

Question 34

claw hand while making a fist

Answer 34

proximal median nerve "popes blessing"

Question 35

pinky and ring fingers extended at rest is due to what nerve injury?

Answer 35

distal median nerve "median claw"

Question 36

pinky and ring fingers extended while attempting to make a fist is due to what nerve injury?

Answer 36

proximal ulnar nerve

Question 37

unopposible thumb

Answer 37

median nerve injury "ape hand"

Question 38

pt has wrist drop and midshaft fracture of humerus - damage to what nerve is most likely? what artery runs along this nerve?

Answer 38

radial nerve deep brachial artery both go underneith humerus

Question 39

wrist drop not due to humeral fracture at the midshaft, with decreased grip strength, and loss of sensation over posterior arm/formarm and dorsal hand is likely caused by _____.

Answer 39

compression of the axilla (armpit) and radial nerve, caused by cruches or sleeping with arm over chair (saturday night palsy)

Question 40

What artery gives off the anterior and posterior circumflex artery and then become the brachial artery before branching again to form the radial and ulnar arteries in the forarm?

Answer 40

axillary artery

Question 41

what type of fracture is likely to damage the brachial artery or entrapment of hte median nerve?

Answer 41

supracondylar (displaced) fractures of the humerus

Question 42

fracture to surgical neck of the humerus can cause damage to what artery and nerve?

Answer 42

axillary nerve and POSTERIOR circumflex artery (run together)

Question 43

pt. is elderly, falls and is unable to move right hip. Right leg appears shorter than left leg. Fracture of the femoral neck is seen on xray. Pt is at greatest risk of developing ____.

Answer 43

Osteonecrosis due to damaged blood supply to bone.

Question 44

What blood vessel can be damaged leading to osteonecrosis of the femoral head after femoral neck fracture (e.g. due to fall in pt with osteoporosis)?

Answer 44

medial circumflex femoral artery (retinacular and ascending cervical branches)

Question 45

the ____ artery gives rise to the artery inside the ligamentum teres, which supplies a small amount of blood the head of the femur.

Answer 45

obterator

Question 46

what does the latissimus dorsi do to the humerus? what is its innervation?

Answer 46

Originates from illiac crest to T7-12 spinus processes and inserts at bicipital grouve. INTERNALLY rotates humerus. Also helps with EXTENSION and ADDuction of humerus. thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8)

Question 47

What is the function of the infraspinatus muscle?

Answer 47

externally rotates the arm.

Question 48

What is the innervation of the infraspinatus muscle?

Answer 48

suprascapular nerve

Question 49

What is the funciton of the trapezius muscle? Innervation? Common cause of injury?

Answer 49

trapezius is large muscle of the upper back and neck that serves to ELEVATE, ROTATE and STABILIZE the scapula. Primary innervation is CN IX (spinal accessory) WHIPLASH

Question 50

function and innervation of the triceps?

Answer 50

extension of the elbow. radial nerve (C6-C8, T1)

Question 51

iliospoas, rectus femoris and tensor fascia lata are muscles involved in hip _____.

Answer 51

flexion

Question 52

gluteus maximus, semitendinosis, semimembranosis and long head of biceps femoris are muscles involved in hip _____

Answer 52

extension

Question 53

pt can't supinate or flex forarm and has deminished sensation over lateral forarm. What is the cause? What nerve is involved?

Answer 53

Upper trunk compression leading to compromise of musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C7)

Question 54

gluteus medius and minimus are involved in hip _____.

Answer 54

ABduction

Question 55

what muscles are involved in hip adduction?

Answer 55

adductor brevis longus magnus (need to use after taking a brown long and magical dump)

Question 56

what is the function of the obterator externus?

Answer 56

lateral rotation of the thigh arises from anteriomedial surface of obterator foramen and attaches to the greater trochantor of the femur

Question 57

what ankle ligment is injured from a inversion injury of a plantarflexed ankle

Answer 57

(anterior) talofibular ligament

Question 58

forced eversion of the ankle is more likely to result in an _____ of the _____ than damage the medial detoid ligment.

Answer 58

(avulsion) fracture of the (medial) malleolus

Question 59

3YO falls while holding hands. Elbow is extended at the side and arm is pronated. What is the injury?

Answer 59

annular ligament displacement/subluxation (traction on proximal radius causes the annular ligament to tear and become entrapped in the radiohumoral joint).

Question 60

What nerve is likely to be damaged due to fracture at the neck of the fibula

Answer 60

common peroneal nerve

Question 61

medial fracture of the orbital wall risks fluid drainage or herniation into the _____.

Answer 61

ethmoid air cells

Question 62

orbital floor fracture risks fluid drainage or herniation into the _____.

Answer 62

maxillary sinus

Question 63

fracture of the scaphoid can lead to avascular necrosis at the distal pole (furthest from thumb) due to damage to the ______ .

Answer 63

dorsal scaphoid brach of the radial artery

Question 64

supracondylar fracture of the humerus with _________ displacement causes radial nerve injury.

Answer 64

anteriolateral

Question 65

supracondylar fracture of the humerus with _________ displacement causes median nerve and brachial artery injury.

Answer 65

anteriomedial

Question 66

what is the function of the infraspinatus muscle?

Answer 66

external rotation of the arm- suprascapular nerve innervation

Question 67

What is the function of the supraspinatus muscle?

Answer 67

abduction of the arm (0-15 degrees) - suprascapular nerve

Question 68

what is function of teres minor?

Answer 68

adduction and external rotation - axillary nerve

Question 69

What is the innervation of the subscapularis muscle?

Answer 69

upper and lower subscapular nerves

Question 70

what is the funtion of the subscapularis muscle?

Answer 70

adduction and internal rotation | teres and intra externally rotate - subscap is the only rotator cuff muscle that causes internaly rotation of the arm

Question 71

pt has pins and needles in right hand associated with hypothenar flattening and loss of sensation over the 5th digit. Impingement by what structure contributes to this nerve injury?

Answer 71

hook of the hamate - ulnar nerve impingement/neuropathy. may present as ulnar claw on extension due to weakness of the 4th and 5th digit lumbarcles

Question 72

damage to the musculocutaneus nerve presents with _____.

Answer 72

difficulty flexing the arm at the elbow and impaired ability to supinate the forarm, with sensory loss to arm and lateral forarm - motor:innervates the BBC (bicepts brachialis coracobrachialis) - sensory: lateral forarm through antibrachial cutaneous n.