action verbs 4

Question 1

fast track
-noun: a route, course, or method that provides for more rapid results than usual.: “a career in the fast track of the Civil Service”
-verb [T] fast-track sb/sth: accelerate the development or progress of (a person or project).: “the old boys’ network fast-tracks men to the top of the corporate ladder”

fast-forward verb/ˌfæst ˈfɔːrwərd/
1/[transitive, intransitive] fast-forward (something) to move a recording forwards to a later point without playing it: He fast-forwarded the recording past the explosion.
2/[intransitive] fast-forward to something | + adv./prep. to move quickly forwards in time, especially to a later point in a story
The action then fast-forwards to Ettore as a young man.

rewind verb /ˌriːˈwaɪnd/
[transitive, intransitive]
​rewind (something) to make something such as a film or a recording go back to the beginning or to an earlier point: Will you rewind that scene so we can watch it again?

= wind (sth) forward/back

Answer 1

a

Question 2

Project -v
1.[Plan] [transitive, usually passive] to plan an activity, a project etc. for a time in the future
be projected The next edition of the book is projected for publication in March.
The projected housing development will go ahead next year.
2. [light/image] [transitive] to make light, an image, etc. fall onto a flat surface or screen
project something onto something They projected the digital image onto the model’s surface.
Images are projected onto the retina of the eye.
The videos were projected onto two screens.
project something on something Old photographs were projected on the wall behind her.
3. [present yourself]
[transitive] to present somebody/something/yourself to other people in a particular way, especially one that gives a good impression
project something They sought advice on how to project a more positive image of their company.
She projects an air of calm self-confidence.
project somebody/something/yourself (as somebody/something) He projected himself as a man worth listening to.

Question 3

Propose –v
1/intend
[transitive] (formal) to intend to do something
propose to do something What do you propose to do now?
propose doing something How do you propose getting home?
We do not propose to take any further action in the matter.
2/marriage
[intransitive, transitive] to ask somebody to marry you
He was afraid that if he proposed she might refuse.
propose to somebody She proposed to me!
propose something (to somebody) to propose marriage
3/at formal meeting
[transitive] to suggest something at a formal meeting and ask people to vote on it
propose somebody (for/as something) I propose Tom Ellis for chairman.
He was proposed for the job of treasurer.
propose something to propose a motion (= to be the main speaker in support of an idea at a formal debate)
4/suggest explanation
[transitive] propose something (formal) to suggest an explanation of something for people to consider
SYNONYM propound sth, put sth forward
She proposed a possible solution to the mystery.

Question 4

Cast – v
1/[doubt] [transitive] to say, do or suggest something that makes people doubt something or think that somebody is less honest, good, etc.
cast something on/upon something This latest evidence casts serious doubt on his version of events.
cast something ‘You know that I’m not one to cast aspersions,’ he said.
cast something over something The sad news cast a shadow over the proceedings (= made people feel unhappy).
cast something into something The entire economic future of the islands was cast into doubt.
2/[Vote] [transitive] cast a/your vote/ballot (for somebody/something) to vote for somebody/something
He refused to cast a vote for either candidate.
How many of the registered voters will actually cast their ballots?
3/[describe] [transitive] to describe or present somebody/yourself in a particular way
cast somebody/yourself as something He cast himself as the innocent victim of a hate campaign.
cast somebody/yourself in something The press were quick to cast her in the role of the ‘other woman’.
4/[a look/glance/smile] [transitive] to look, smile, etc. in a particular direction
cast something + adv./prep. She cast a welcoming smile in his direction.
I cast an angry look at him.
He groaned, casting his eyes to the ceiling.
cast somebody something She cast me a disapproving glance.

Question 5

Provision -v
1/ [T] provision sb/sth (with sth): supply with food, drink, or equipment, especially for a journey.
“civilian contractors were responsible for provisioning these armies”
2..[I] set aside an amount in an organization’s accounts for a known liability.
“financial institutions have to provision against loan losses”
-n: Provision
1/provisions [plural] supplies of food and drink, especially for a long journey
We have enough provisions to last us two weeks.
We went into town to stock up on provisions.
2/[countable] a condition or an arrangement in a legal document
The same provisions apply to foreign-owned companies.
under the provisions of something Under the provisions of the lease, the tenant is responsible for repairs.

Question 6

Qualify
1/for job] [intransitive] to reach the standard of ability or knowledge needed to do a particular job, for example by completing a course of study or passing exams
How long does it take to qualify?
qualify as something He qualified as a doctor last year.
qualify in something She spent seven years qualifying in law.
2/ [have/give right] [intransitive, transitive] to have or give somebody the right to do something
To qualify, you must have lived in this country for at least three years.
qualify for something If you live in the area, you qualify for a parking permit.
qualify somebody Your educational background, interests and family history are some of the things that might qualify you.
qualify somebody for something Paying a fee doesn’t automatically qualify you for membership.
3/[for competition] [intransitive] to be of a high enough standard to enter a competition; to defeat another person or team in order to enter or continue in a competition
He failed to qualify.
qualify for something South Korea qualified for the finals when they beat Italy 6–1.
They qualified for the World Cup.
4/ statement [transitive] qualify something | qualify what… to add something to a previous statement to make the meaning less strong or less general
I want to qualify what I said earlier—I didn’t mean he couldn’t do the job, only that he would need supervision.
5/ fit description [intransitive, transitive] to have the right qualities to be described as a particular thing
qualify (as something) Do you think this dress qualifies as evening wear?
qualify something (as something) It’s an old building, but that doesn’t qualify it as an ancient monument!

Question 7

Forward –v
1/forward something (formal) to help to improve or develop something
SYNONYM further
He saw the assignment as a way to forward his career.
She uses various devices to forward the plot.
2/ [I] [T] to send a letter that has been sent to somebody’s old address to their new address
SYNONYM send on sth (They promised to send on our mail when we moved.)
forward something (to somebody) Could you forward any mail to us in New York?
forward (something) I put ‘please forward’ on the envelope.
3/(formal) to send or pass goods or information to somebody
forward something to somebody We will be forwarding our new catalogue to you next week.
forward somebody something We will be forwarding you our new catalogue next week./I’m forwarding you this email that I had from Jeff.
forward something to forward a request/complaint/proposal

Question 8

-Progress [I] /prəˈɡres/
1/[advance]: [intransitive] to improve or develop over a period of time; to make progress
Things are progressing well.
progress in something to progress rapidly in your career
progress with something They are anxious to progress with the plan.
progress to something She started off playing the recorder and then progressed to the clarinet.
progress from something to something He soon progressed from the basics to more difficult work.
2/[intransitive] + adv./prep. (formal) to move forward
The line of traffic progressed slowly through the town.
(figurative) Cases can take months to progress through the courts
3/[intransitive] to go forward in time
SYNONYM go on (4): (of time) to pass: She became more and more talkative as the evening went on.
The weather became colder as the day progressed.
The visiting team’s confidence increased as the game progressed.
-proceed [I]
1/intransitive] + adv./prep. (formal) to move or travel in a particular direction
The marchers proceeded slowly along the street.
Passengers for Rome should proceed to Gate 32 for boarding.
2/[intransitive] proceed to do something to do something next, after having done something else first
SYNONYM go on to do sth
He outlined his plans and then proceeded to explain them in more detail.
(humorous) Having said she wasn’t hungry, she then proceeded to order a three-course meal. (= full course meal/standard course meal that is made up of three courses: an appetizer, main dish, and dessert.)
3/[continue] [intransitive] proceed (with something) to continue doing something that has already been started; to continue being done
We’re not sure whether we still want to proceed with the sale.
Work is proceeding slowly.
He left detailed instructions about the best way to proceed.

Question 9

Program
1/[Plan] [transitive, usually passive] to plan for something to happen, especially as part of a series of planned events
(be) programmed Several evening events have been programmed.
The leak was discovered during programmed maintenance work.
be programmed for something The final section of road is programmed for completion next month.
be programmed to do something The exhibition was originally programmed to close in August.
2/[person/animal] [transitive, usually passive] to make a person, an animal, etc. behave in a particular way, so that they do it without thinking about it
be programmed to do something Human beings are genetically programmed to learn certain kinds of language.
3/[machine] [transitive] program something (to do something) to give a machine instructions to do a particular task
She programmed the heat to come on at eight.

Question 10

Present
1/[give] to give something to somebody, especially formally at a ceremony
present something The local MP will start the race and present the prizes.
present somebody with something Last year she was presented with an award for lifetime achievement.
On his retirement, colleagues presented him with a set of golf clubs.
present something to somebody The sword was presented by the family to the museum.
2/[something in particular way]: to show or describe something/somebody in a particular way
present something The company has decided it must present a more modern image.
It is essential that we present a united front (= show that we all agree).
present yourself + adv./prep. You need to present yourself better.
present something/somebody/yourself as something He likes to present himself as a radical politician.
3/[problem/challenge/risk/danger/threat/opportunity]
3.a/to cause something to happen or be experienced
present somebody with something Your request shouldn’t present us with any problems.
present something The course presents an excellent learning opportunity.
3.b/[itself] SYNONYM arise (of an opportunity, a solution, etc.) to suddenly happen or become available
present itself One major problem did present itself, though.
present itself to somebody Thankfully, a solution presented itself to him surprisingly soon.
As soon as the opportunity presented itself, she would get another job.
4/ to give a [bill, cheque, document], etc., to someone:
Today a store scans your goods, and you simply present your credit card and sign your name.
present sb with sth Organizers presented her with a check for $25,000.
present sth to sb We presented our passports to the customs officer.

Question 11

Assimilate /əˈsɪməleɪt/
1/[intransitive, transitive] to become, or cause somebody to become, a part of a country or community rather than remaining in a separate group
assimilate (into/to something) New arrivals feel the pressure to assimilate.
As a Chinese teen I tried to assimilate into Canadian culture.
assimilate somebody (into/to something) Over time different groups were assimilated into the community.
2/[transitive, often passive] to make an idea, a person’s attitude, etc. fit into something or be acceptable
be assimilated into/to something These changes were gradually assimilated into everyday life.

Question 12

preside verb /prɪˈzaɪd/ [intransitive] (formal): to lead or be in charge of a meeting, ceremony, etc.
the presiding judge
preside at/over something They asked if I would preside at the committee meeting.

Question 13

Arise -v
1/[intransitive] arise (out of/from something) (rather formal) to happen as a result of a particular situation
injuries arising out of a road accident
Emotional or mental problems can arise from a physical cause.
Are there any matters arising from the minutes of the last meeting?
2/[intransitive] (formal) to begin to exist or develop
Several new industries arose in the town.

Question 14

make a scene – idiom: to behave in a loud, angry way in public :
Please don’t make a scene./ I wanted to shout at the man for jumping the line, but I was too embarrassed about making a scene.
So he paid, too embarrassed to make a scene in front of his date.

provide that…: (formal) (of a law or rule) to state that something will or must happen
SYNONYM stipulate, prescribe
The final section provides that any work produced for the company is thereafter owned by the company.

be positioned to do something The company is now well positioned to compete in foreign markets.

somebody/something is predicted/forecast to do something The trial is predicted to last for months./ Temperatures were forecast to reach 40°C.

Question 15

make a scene – idiom: to behave in a loud, angry way in public :
Please don’t make a scene./ I wanted to shout at the man for jumping the line, but I was too embarrassed about making a scene.
So he paid, too embarrassed to make a scene in front of his date.

provide that…: (formal) (of a law or rule) to state that something will or must happen
SYNONYM stipulate, prescribe
The final section provides that any work produced for the company is thereafter owned by the company.

be positioned to do something The company is now well positioned to compete in foreign markets.

somebody/something is predicted/forecast to do something The trial is predicted to last for months./ Temperatures were forecast to reach 40°C.

Question 16

discount /dɪsˈkaʊnt/ (formal) to think or say that something is not important or not true
SYNONYM dismiss
discount something We cannot discount the possibility of further strikes.
discount something as something The news reports were being discounted as propaganda.

excel yourself [transitive] (British English) to do extremely well and even better than you usually do
Rick’s cooking was always good, but this time he really excelled himself.

sketch -v [transitive] sketch something (out) to give a general description of something, giving only the basic facts
SYNONYM outline [T]
She sketched out her plan for tackling the problem.
outline something + adv./prep. For the reasons outlined above, unemployment is likely to remain high.

Question 17

-Concede [T]
1/ [NOUN: concession] [transitive] to give something away, especially unwillingly; to allow somebody to have something
concede something (to somebody) The president was obliged to concede power to the army.
concede somebody something Women were only conceded full voting rights in the 1950s.
2/ [give in (to sth)] [transitive] to admit that something is true, logical, etc. after first denying it or resisting it
+ speech ‘Not bad,’ she conceded grudgingly.
concede (that)… He was forced to concede (that) there might be difficulties.
concede something I had to concede the logic of this.
concede something to somebody He reluctantly conceded the point to me.
concede somebody something He reluctantly conceded me the point.
it is conceded that… It must be conceded that different judges have different approaches to these cases.
3/ [intransitive, transitive] concede (defeat) to admit that you have lost a game, an election, etc.
After losing this decisive battle, the general was forced to concede.
Injury forced Hicks to concede defeat.
-conceive verb /kənˈsiːv/ [T]
1/[transitive] conceive something (formal) to form an idea, a plan, etc. in your mind
He conceived the idea of transforming the old power station into an arts centre.
The dam project was originally conceived in 1977.
2/ [transitive]
(often used in negative sentences)
(formal) to imagine something
conceive of somebody/something (as something) God is often conceived of as male.
conceive (that)… I cannot conceive (= I do not believe) (that) he would wish to harm us.
conceive what/how, etc… I cannot conceive what it must be like.
3/ intransitive, transitive] when a woman conceives or conceives a child, she becomes pregnant
She is unable to conceive.
conceive somebody Their first child was conceived on their wedding night.
She was unable to conceive a child naturally and was offered fertility treatment.

Question 18

-moderate verb /ˈmɑːdəreɪt/
1/[intransitive, transitive] (formal) to become or make something become less extreme, severe, etc.
By evening the wind had moderated slightly.
moderate something We agreed to moderate our original demands.
She apologized immediately and moderated her voice.
2/ [transitive] moderate something to be responsible for preventing offensive material from being published on a website; to remove offensive material from a website
to moderate an internet forum
a moderated newsgroup
Comments on this article will be moderated.
3/ [transitive, intransitive] moderate (something) to be in charge of a discussion or debate and make sure it is fair
The television debate was moderated by a law professor.
- moderate noun /ˈmɒdərət/ COMPARE extremist
a person who has opinions, especially about politics, that are not extreme

Question 19

Advance - v
1/[develop] [I] [T]
2/[move forward] [I] + adv/prep ; [T] : to move forward to a later part of something; to move something forward to a later part
+ adv./prep. These players will now advance to the next round../ She eventually advanced to vice-chairman of the bank.
advance something This button advances the hours and the red one advances the minutes in the display.
3/[help to succeed] [T] syn further:
advance your career/interests/position
Studying for new qualifications is one way of advancing your career.
They worked together to advance the cause of democracy.
4/[money] money [transitive] to give somebody money before the time it would usually be paid
advance something to somebody We are willing to advance the money to you.
advance somebody something We will advance you the money.
5/[suggest] [transitive] advance something (formal) to suggest an idea, a theory or a plan for other people to discuss
The article advances a new theory to explain changes in the climate.
to advance an argument/agenda/idea/theory/plan/proposal
6/ [make earlier] [transitive] advance something (formal) to change the time or date of an event so that it takes place earlier
The date of the trial has been advanced by one week.
7/[increase] [intransitive] (business) (of prices, costs, etc.) to increase in price or amount
Oil shares advanced amid economic recovery hopes.
-advance –n:
1/[sexual] advances [plural] attempts to start a sexual relationship with somebody
He had made advances to one of his students.
She rejected his sexual advances.
2/[price increase] [countable] advance (on something) (business) an increase in the price or value of something
Share prices showed significant advances.

Question 20

Debate –v /dɪˈbeɪt/
1/[intransitive, transitive] to think carefully about something before making a decision
debate (with yourself) She debated with herself for a while, and then picked up the phone.
debate whether, what, etc… We’re debating whether or not to go skiing this winter.
debate doing something For a moment he debated going after her.
2/[transitive, intransitive] to discuss something, especially formally, before making a decision or finding a solution
[T] debate (something) Politicians will be debating the bill later this week.
It is time to debate the issue of school funding.
[I] They debated endlessly, without ever reaching a decision.

Question 21

Afford – [I] [T] (usually used with can, could or be able to, especially in negative sentences or questions)
1/ [problems] can’t/couldn’t afford: if you say that you can’t/couldn’t afford to do something, you mean that you should not do it because it will cause problems for you if you do
afford to do something We cannot afford to ignore this warning.
afford something She felt she couldn’t afford any more time off work.
ill afford: (formal) They could ill afford to lose any more staff.
Afford to lose: The people who suffer most are those who can least afford to lose.
2/ (formal) to provide somebody with something
afford something The tree affords some shelter from the sun.
afford somebody something Being a college professor affords you the opportunity simply to write and do research.
The legislation aims to afford protection to employees.
3/[money] : to have enough money to be able to buy or do something
afford something Can we afford a new car?
afford something to do something He couldn’t afford the money to go on the trip.
afford to do something We can’t afford to go abroad this summer.
She can well afford to pay for herself./They couldn’t afford to buy a house there.

Question 22

boarding school noun [ C ]: a school where students live and study

free press - noun [ U ]
If a country has a free press, its newspapers, magazines, and television and radio stations are able to express any opinions they want, even if these criticize the government and other organizations:
How can there be democratic elections without a free press?

excessive Vs. excess:So, “excess” refers to the actual amount or quantity of something, while “excessive” describes the quality of that amount or quantity as being too much or more than what is appropriate or reasonable.

excessive adjective /ɪkˈsesɪv/ greater than what seems reasonable or appropriate
They complained about the excessive noise coming from the upstairs flat.
The amounts she borrowed were not excessive.
Excessive drinking can lead to stomach disorders.
He claimed that the police had used excessive force.

Excess
– adj. before N: /ˈekses/ : more than is necessary; too much:
excess baggage
Cut off any excess pastry and put it to one side.
Excess food is stored as fat.
Driving with excess alcohol in the blood is a serious offence.
The book is hard to obtain, because of excess demand following the author’s appearance on TV.
-N: /ɪkˈses/
1/excesses [ plural ]: actions far past the limit of what is acceptable:
For many years people were trying to escape the excesses (= cruel actions) of the junta.
We need a free press to curb government excesses.
2/[singular, uncountable] more than is necessary, reasonable or acceptable
You can throw away any excess.
excess of something Are you suffering from an excess of stress in your life?
In an excess of enthusiasm I agreed to work late.
to excess He started drinking to excess after losing his job.
in excess of something The increase will not be in excess of (= more than) two per cent.
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
* rhetorical
* stylistic
* verbal
* …
verb + excess
* avoid
* contain
* curb
* …
preposition
* in excess
* to excess
3/[countable, usually singular, uncountable] an amount by which something is larger than something else
We cover costs up to £600 and then you pay the excess.
4/ [eating or drinking] [uncountable] (disapproving) the fact of doing too much of something: He gave in to bouts of alcoholic excess. (give in (to sth): to finally agree to something that someone wants after first refusing: If you want them to give in you’ll have to offer them more than that.; Bouts (of sth): refers to periods of time when the person engaged in excessive drinking => the sentence suggests that the person mentioned may have struggled with controlling their alcohol consumption and occasionally allowed themselves to drink excessively.)

Answer 22

a

Question 23

lay –v
1/plan/trap
[transitive] lay something to prepare something in detail
Little did he know they had laid a trap for him.
She began to lay her plans for her escape.
Bad weather can upset even the best-laid plans.
2/ table
[transitive] lay something (British English) to arrange knives, forks, plates, etc. on a table ready for a meal
SYNONYM set
to lay the table
3/ difficult situation
[transitive] lay somebody/something + adv./prep. (formal) to put somebody/something in a particular position or state, especially a difficult or unpleasant one
SYNONYM place
to lay a responsibility/burden on somebody
to lay somebody under an obligation to do something
Failing to act now will merely lay the burden on future generations.
4/ present proposal
[transitive] lay something + adv./prep. to present a proposal, some information, etc. to somebody for them to think about and decide on
The bill was laid before Parliament.
5/ bet
[transitive] to bet money on something; to place a bet
lay something to lay a bet
lay something on something She had laid $100 on the favourite.
I think he’ll come, but I wouldn’t lay money on it.
lay (somebody) something (that)… I’ll lay you any money you like (that) he won’t come.

Question 24

therein lies… (formal) used to emphasize the result of a particular situation: He works extremely hard and therein lies the key to his success.

Lie – lay -lain
1/ [intransitive] (of ideas, qualities, problems, etc.) to exist or be found
lie in something The problem lies in deciding when to intervene.
Our strength lies in our loyal customer base.
lie with somebody The fault lies with you.
lie + adv./prep. The answer seems to lie elsewhere.
We need to consider carefully where our best interests lie.
Different people see quite different things in this film, and therein lies its genius.
2/ [intransitive] to be, remain or be kept in a particular state
lie + adj. Houses lie empty while people are homeless.
These machines have lain idle since the factory closed.
Snow was lying thick on the ground.
lie + adv./prep. Much of the city now lay in ruins.
a ship lying at anchor
I’d rather use my money than leave it lying in the bank.
3/ [intransitive] (of a thing) to be or remain in a flat position on a surface
lie + adv./prep. Clothes were lying all over the floor.
She picked up a pen that was lying nearby.
lie + adj. The book lay open on the desk.
Make sure the fabric lies flat.
4/ [intransitive] (of a person or an animal) to be or put yourself in a flat position so that you are not standing or sitting
lie + adv./prep. to lie on your back/side/front
She lay in bed listening to music.
Lie there for a bit until you feel better.
lie + adj. I lay awake all night worrying about it.
The cat was lying fast asleep by the fire.
5/ [intransitive] lie + adv./prep. (of a town, natural feature, etc.) to be located in a particular place
The town lies on the coast.
An island lies in the middle of the lagoon.

Lay - laid - laid + sth [T]
1/[transitive] lay something (down) to put something down, especially on the floor, ready to be used
to lay a carpet/cable/pipe
to lay tiles/bricks
The first high-speed track was laid between Paris and Lyons.
Thirteen U-boats left their base to lay mines in British waters.
The foundations of the house are being laid today.
(figurative) A series of short-term goals lays the foundation for long-term success.
(figurative) They had laid the groundwork for future development.
2/-eggs
[transitive, intransitive] lay (something) if a bird, an insect, a fish, etc. lays eggs, it produces them from its body
The cuckoo lays its eggs in other birds’ nests.
new-laid eggs
The hens are not laying well (= not producing many eggs).
3/table
[transitive] lay something (British English) to arrange knives, forks, plates, etc. on a table ready for a meal
SYNONYM set
to lay the table
4/present proposal
[transitive] lay something + adv./prep. to present a proposal, some information, etc. to somebody for them to think about and decide on
The bill was laid before Parliament.
5/difficult situation
[transitive] lay somebody/something + adv./prep. (formal) to put somebody/something in a particular position or state, especially a difficult or unpleasant one
SYNONYM place
to lay a responsibility/burden on somebody
to lay somebody under an obligation to do something
Failing to act now will merely lay the burden on future generations.
6/plan/trap
[transitive] lay something to prepare something in detail
Little did he know they had laid a trap for him.
She began to lay her plans for her escape.
Bad weather can upset even the best-laid plans.
7/with nouns
[transitive] lay something + adv./prep. used with a noun to form a phrase that has the same meaning as the verb related to the noun
to lay the blame on somebody (= to blame somebody)
Our teacher lays great stress on good spelling (= stresses it strongly).
8/bet
[transitive] to bet money on something; to place a bet
lay something to lay a bet
lay something on something She had laid $100 on the favourite.
I think he’ll come, but I wouldn’t lay money on it.
lay (somebody) something (that)… I’ll lay you any money you like (that) he won’t come.

Answer 24

a

Question 25

Draw up sth: (PREPARE) C1
to prepare something, usually something official, in writing:
I’ve drawn up a list of candidates that I’d like to interview.

come to do something - C2: to start to do something:
I’ve come to like her over the months.
It used to hold paper bags, but gradually came to be used for magazines.

Have sb on – informal (US put sb on): to persuade someone that something is true when it is not, usually as a joke:
That’s your new car? You’re having me on!

cry yourself to sleep – phrase: to cry for a long time until you start to sleep:
Although I survived, there were many nights when I cried myself to sleep.
At boarding school, he felt so lonely that he cried himself to sleep every night.

Question 26

Rate
1/[transitive] rate something (informal) to think that somebody/something is good
What did you think of the movie? I didn’t rate it myself.
How did you rate her speech?
2/ [transitive, usually passive] to place somebody/something in a particular position on a scale in relation to similar people or things
SYNONYM rank
be rated (+ adv./prep.) The schools were rated according to their exam results./ It’s a chance to watch six top-rated players.
rate somebody/something (+ adv./prep.) Users can rate the quality of advice from one to five stars.
be rated + noun She is currently rated number two in the world.
3/ [transitive] rate something to be good, important, etc. enough to be treated in a particular way
SYNONYM merit (doing) something /ˈmerɪt/: to deserve praise, attention, etc. (SYNONYM deserve): He claims that their success was not merited.
The incident didn’t even rate a mention in the press.
Her death only rated a few lines in the local paper.
4/ [transitive, usually passive] to state that a film or video is suitable for a particular audience
be rated + noun The cartoon was rated PG. (parental guidance). (COMPARE 18, 12, U : universal)

Question 27

realign /ˌriːəˈlaɪn/
1/ realign something to make changes to something in order to adapt it to a new situation
The company has been forced to realign its operations in the area.
2/ realign yourself (with somebody/something) to change your opinions, policies, etc. so that they are the same as those of another person, group, etc.
The rebel MPs have realigned themselves with the opposition party.

Question 28

rebuild [transitive] rebuild something to make something/somebody complete and strong again
When she lost her job, she had to rebuild her life completely.
attempts to rebuild the shattered post-war economy
After the divorce, it took me a long time to rebuild my confidence.

Question 29

Receive
1/ guests
[transitive, often passive] (formal) to welcome or entertain a guest, especially formally
be received (as something) He was received as an honoured guest at the White House.
be received with something We were received with great cordiality.
2/ react to something
[transitive, usually passive] to react to something new, in a particular way
be received + adv./prep. The play was well received by the critics.
The speech was warmly received by the audience.
be received with something The proposals have been received with great enthusiasm.
3/ injury
[transitive] receive something to be injured in a particular way
Several of the passengers received severe injuries.
She received only minor cuts and bruises.

Question 30

commence verb /kəˈmens/
[intransitive, transitive] (formal)
​to begin to happen; to begin something
The meeting is scheduled to commence at noon.
I will be on leave during the week commencing 15 February.
commence with something The day commenced with a welcome from the principal.
commence something She commenced her medical career in 1956.
The company commenced operations in April.
to commence bankruptcy proceedings against somebody
commence doing something We commence building next week.
commence to do something Operators commenced to build pipelines in 1862.

recommence verb /ˌriːkəˈmens/ [intransitive, transitive] (formal): to begin again; to start doing something again
Work on the bridge will recommence next month.
recommence (doing) something The two countries agreed to recommence talks the following week.
to recommence production/manufacture/trading

Answer 30

a

Question 31

reconcile verb /ˈrekənsaɪl/ (formal)
1/reconcile something (with something) to find an acceptable way of dealing with two or more ideas, needs, etc. that seem to be opposed to each other
an attempt to reconcile the need for industrial development with concern for the environment
It was hard to reconcile his career ambitions with the needs of his children.
2/ [usually passive] to make people become friends again after an argument or a disagreement
reconcile somebody The pair were reconciled after Jackson made a public apology.
reconcile somebody with somebody He has recently been reconciled with his wife.
3/ reconcile somebody/yourself (to something) to make somebody/yourself accept an unpleasant situation because it is not possible to change it
SYNONYM resign yourself to (doing) something: We had to resign ourselves to making a loss on the sale.
He could not reconcile himself to the prospect of losing her.
No amount of designer labels could reconcile her to missing out on the trip.

Question 32

record verb /rɪˈkɔːd/
1/make official statement
[transitive] record something to make an official or legal statement about something
The coroner recorded a verdict of accidental death.
It is with great regret that we record the death of one of our founder members.
2/of measuring instrument
[transitive] record something | record what, how, etc… to show a particular measurement or amount
The thermometer recorded a temperature of 40°C.
3/score/result
[transitive] record something to achieve a particular score or result
The team recorded their first win of the season.
to record a victory/high score

Question 33

recruite
1/[transitive] recruit something to form a new army, team, etc. by persuading new people to join it
to recruit a task force
2/ [transitive] recruit somebody to do something to persuade somebody to do something, especially to help you
We were recruited to help peel the vegetables.

Question 34

-Gain –v
1/[transitive, intransitive] to obtain an advantage or benefit from something or from doing something
gain something The firm is hoping to gain an advantage over its competitors.
gain something by/from something What do you hope to gain by this?
gain something by/from doing something There is nothing to be gained from delaying the decision.
gain (by/from something) Consumers have gained from the increased competition.
If the proposal goes ahead, we all stand to gain.
2/ [get more] OPP lose: (have less: to lose your hair/teeth/weight; to lose your sight/eyesight/hearing/memory)
[transitive] gain something to gradually get more of something,
As you gain experience, you will grow in confidence.
I’ve gained weight recently.
The campaign continues to gain momentum.( momentum noun: /məˈmentəm/: the ability to keep increasing or developing: gather/lose momentum)
to gain understanding/knowledge
He has gained support from major figures in the industry.
to gain popularity/acceptance
3/ of watch/clock : OPPOSITE lose
[transitive, intransitive] gain (something) to go too fast (by a particular amount of time)
My watch gains two minutes every 24 hours.
4/ reach place
[transitive] gain something (formal) to reach a place, usually after a lot of effort
At last she gained the shelter of the forest.
Heavy fighting began as they gained the river.
5/ of currencies/shares
[transitive, intransitive] to increase in value
gain something The shares gained 14p to 262p.
gain against something The euro gained against the dollar again today.
-GAIN -n:
1/increase
​ [countable, uncountable] an increase in the amount of something, especially in wealth or weight
The opposition made unexpected gains in the last election.
There is still scope for efficiency gains.
Regular exercise helps prevent weight gain.
gain from something a £3 000 gain from our investment
gain of something The party had a net gain of nine seats on the local council.
gain in something significant gains in crop yield
2/advantage
​ [countable] an advantage or improvement
Our loss is their gain.
gain in something These policies have resulted in great gains in public health.
3/profit (often disapproving)
​[uncountable] financial profit
He only seems to be interested in personal gain.
Financial gain was never her motivation.
for gain It’s amazing what some people will do for gain.
They sold the company purely for short-term gain.

-Regain –v
1/ regain something (dignity/control/balance/consciousness/composure) to get back something you no longer have, especially an ability or a quality
I struggled to regain some dignity.
The party has regained control of the region.
She paused on the edge, trying to regain her balance.
She soon regained her composure.
He did not regain consciousness (= wake up after being unconscious) for several days.

Answer 34

a

Question 35

Recommend: to advise a particular course of action; to advise somebody to do something
recommend (doing) something The report recommended a 10% pay increase./ He recommended reading the book before seeing the movie.
recommend against (doing) something My doctor recommended against surgery./Medical guidelines recommend against using this drug to treat migraines.
recommend (that)… I recommend that he see a lawyer.
it is recommended that… It is strongly recommended that the machines should be checked every year.
recommend somebody to do something We’d recommend you to book your flight early.
recommend how, what, etc… Can you recommend how much we should charge?

Question 36

regulate
1/[transitive, intransitive] regulate (something) to control something by means of rules
The department is responsible for regulating the insurance industry.
The activities of credit companies are regulated by law.
The government accepts whaling in principle as long as it is carefully regulated.
It is up to the regulating authority to put the measures into effect.
2/regulate something [transitive] regulate something to control the speed, pressure, temperature, etc. in a machine or system
This valve regulates the flow of water. (valve noun /vælv/: a device for controlling the flow of a liquid or gas, letting it move in one direction only)

Question 37

rehabilitate verb /ˌriːəˈbɪlɪteɪt/
1/ rehabilitate somebody to help somebody to return to a normal, healthy life after they have been in prison or very ill
We must do more to rehabilitate young offenders.
efforts to treat and rehabilitate drug addicts
2/ rehabilitate somebody (as something) to begin to consider that somebody is good or acceptable after a long period during which they were considered bad or unacceptable
He played a major role in rehabilitating Magritte as an artist.
3/ rehabilitate something to return a building or an area to its previous good condition
Billions of pounds are being spent on rehabilitating inner-city areas.

Question 38

Acknowledge [T]
0/[amit sth]
1/[accept status]: to accept that somebody/something has a particular authority or status
acknowledge somebody/something The country acknowledged his claim to the throne.
be acknowledged as something He is widely acknowledged as the best player in the world.
be acknowledged to be, have, etc. something He is widely acknowledged to be the best player in the world.
2/ reply to letter/email
acknowledge something (formal) to tell somebody that you have received something that they sent to you
All applications will be acknowledged.
Please acknowledge receipt of this letter.
3/ smile/wave
acknowledge somebody/something (formal) to show that you have noticed somebody/something by smiling, waving, etc.
I was standing right next to her, but she didn’t even acknowledge me.
He waved, acknowledging the applause
4/ express thanks
acknowledge something (formal) to publicly express thanks for help you have been given
I gratefully acknowledge financial support from several local businesses.
He is always ready to acknowledge his debt to his teachers.

Question 39

Recognize [T]
0/[ know who somebody is or what something is ]
1. to admit or to be aware that something exists or is true
SYNONYM acknowledge
recognize something (need/importance/value/fact) They recognized the need to take the problem seriously./ You must recognize the fact that the situation has changed.
recognize something as something Drugs were not recognized as a problem then.
recognize somebody/something to be/have something Drugs were not recognized to be a problem then.
recognize how, what, etc… Nobody recognized how urgent the situation was.
recognize that… We recognized that the task was not straightforward.
it is recognized that… It is widely recognized that driver fatigue is a problem on motorways.
2/ to accept and approve of somebody/something officially
recognize somebody/something The UK has refused to recognize the new regime.
be recognized as somebody/something The organization has not been officially recognized as a trade union.
be recognized to be/have something He is recognized to be their natural leader.
3/ be recognized (as something) to be thought of as very good or important by people in general
The book is now recognized as a classic.
She’s a recognized authority on the subject.
4/ recognize somebody/something: to give somebody official thanks for something that they have done or achieved
His services to the state were recognized with the award of a knighthood.

Question 40

recapture
1/recapture something to bring back a feeling or repeat an experience that you had in the past
He was trying to recapture the happiness of his youth.
2/ recapture something to win back a place, position, etc. that was previously taken from you by an enemy or opponent
Government troops soon recaptured the island.
3/ recapture somebody/something to catch a person or an animal that has escaped

Question 41

Tribute /ˈtrɪbjuːt/
[singular] tribute to something/somebody showing the good effects or influence of something/somebody
His recovery is a tribute to the doctors’ skill.
The bridge is a remarkable tribute to the skill of the Victorian railway engineers.