7/8

Question 1

-couture noun [ U ] /kuːˈtʊr/ (also haute couture)
the designing, making, and selling of expensive fashionable clothing, or the clothes themselves:
a couture show/collection/house
-couturier noun [ C ] /kuːˈtʊr.i.eɪ/a person or company that designs, makes, and sells expensive fashionable clothing:
In 1960 Pierre Cardin became the first couturier to design men’s clothes.
Yves Saint Laurent was the visionary French couturier who forever changed fashion.

Question 2

Bolt –v
1/[ I ] (MOVE QUICKLY)
to move very fast, especially as a result of being frightened:
Frightened by the car horn, the horse bolted.
2/[ T ] (EAT) (also bolt down)
to eat food very quickly:
Don’t bolt your food like that - you’ll get indigestion.
3/bolt verb (LOCK) [ I or T ]: to lock a door or window by sliding a bolt across:
Have you locked and bolted the door?
The door bolts on the inside.
4/bolt verb (SCREW)[ T usually + adv/prep ]: to fasten something in position with a bolt:
On a ship the furniture is often bolted to the deck.

Question 3

Bolt –v
1/[ I ] (MOVE QUICKLY)
to move very fast, especially as a result of being frightened:
Frightened by the car horn, the horse bolted.
2/[ T ] (EAT) (also bolt down)
to eat food very quickly:
Don’t bolt your food like that - you’ll get indigestion.
3/bolt verb (LOCK) [ I or T ]: to lock a door or window by sliding a bolt across:
Have you locked and bolted the door?
The door bolts on the inside.
4/bolt verb (SCREW)[ T usually + adv/prep ]: to fasten something in position with a bolt:
On a ship the furniture is often bolted to the deck.

Question 4

Foreground: verb [ T ]/ˈfɔːr.ɡraʊnd/ SYN spotlight, highlight, overstate OPP downplay, understate
to give the most importance to a particular subject, etc.:
His speech foregrounded the history of the decision.
- N
1/the area that is of most importance and activity, or that people pay attention to:
Historically, issues of this kind have not occupied the foreground of political debate.
2/ the people, objects, countryside, etc. in a picture or photograph that seem nearest to you and form its main part:
In the foreground of the painting is a horse and cart.
Compare: background noun (PICTURE)

Question 5

Arrogant –adj /ˈer.ə.ɡənt/ SYN: conceited, self-important
unpleasantly proud and behaving as if you are more important than, or know more than, other people:
I found him arrogant and rude.

Question 6

inquest noun /ˈɪŋkwest/
1/an official investigation to find out the cause of somebody’s death, especially when it has not happened naturally
An inquest was held to discover the cause of death.
inquest (on/into something) a coroner’s inquest into his death
At the inquest they heard that the car had driven off after the accident.
2/inquest (on/into something) a discussion about something that has failed
An inquest was held on the team’s poor performance.
There will inevitably be an inquest into the team’s poor performance.

Question 7

coin verb [T] /kɔɪn/- Verb Forms: coin something to invent a new word or phrase that other people then begin to use
The term ‘cardboard city’ was coined to describe communities of homeless people living in cardboard boxes.
He was the first to coin the motto ‘Make Love, Not War’.

Question 8

-coincide verb/ˌkəʊɪnˈsaɪd/
1/ [intransitive] (of two or more events) to take place at the same time
It’s a pity our trips to New York don’t coincide.
coincide with something The strike was timed to coincide with the party conference.
The singer’s arrival was timed to coincide with the opening of the festival.
2/[intransitive] (formal) (of ideas, opinions, etc.) to be the same or very similar
The interests of employers and employees do not always coincide.
coincide with something Her story coincided exactly with her brother’s.
-coincident” /kəʊˈɪnsɪdənt/ refers to events that occur at the same time and suggest a direct relationship:
“The arrival of the train was coincident with the departure of the bus.”
“Their paths crossed at the coincident moment.”
-“coincidental” /kəʊˌɪnsɪˈdentl/: refers to events that happen simultaneously by chance or without intentional connection:
I suppose your presence here today is not entirely coincidental.
It’s purely coincidental that we both chose to call our daughters Emma.
These parallels cannot be merely coincidental.

Question 9

• spontaneous adj /spɑːnˈteɪ.ni.əs/ (NOT PLANNED)
  SYN impulsive
  happening or done in a natural, often sudden way, without any planning or without being forced:
  His jokes seemed spontaneous, but were in fact carefully prepared beforehand.
  approving She’s such a spontaneous, lively woman.
  -OPP: Calculated adj./ˈkæl.kjə.leɪ.t̬ɪd/ C2: planned or arranged in order to produce a particular effect:
  Synonym deliberate
  It was a cruel, calculated crime with absolutely no justification.
  [ + to infinitive ] It’s a policy that was hardly calculated to (= will not) win votes.
• calculating adj. US /ˈkæl·kjəˌleɪ·t̬ɪŋ/: using other people or situations as a way to get something you want, esp. in a selfish or secret way:
  The letter reveals a very calculating young man who had always sought a career in politics.

Question 10

-distort verb /dɪˈstɔːt/
1/(change shape) distort something to change the shape, appearance or sound of something so that it is strange or not clear
a fairground mirror that distorts your shape
The loudspeaker seemed to distort his voice.
2/ (CHANGE MEANING): to change something so that it is false or wrong, or no longer means what it was intended to mean:
She accused her opponent of distorting the truth.
The survey methods can distort reality.
3/ distort verb [T] (AFFECT) to change or affect something, especially in a way that makes it worse:
The government is actually distorting markets and undermining competition.
There’s a danger this could distort his judgment.
4/ distort verb [T] (SOUND)to make sound produced on electrical equipment sound strange and unpleasant because of changes in the shape of the sound wave:
a powerful amplifier capable of producing sound at high volume without distorting it
The sound system distorted the vocals.

Question 11

• undermine something/somebody /ˌʌndərˈmaɪn/: to make something, especially somebody’s confidence or authority, gradually weaker or less effective
  Our confidence in the team has been seriously undermined by their recent defeats.
  This crisis has undermined his position.
  Recent changes have undermined teachers’ morale.

Question 12

Deadly –adj, adv
1/causing or likely to cause death
SYNONYM
-lethal /ˈliːθl/ (She had been given a lethal dose of poison.)
-fatal adjective /ˈfeɪ.t̬əl/ (a fatal accident/blow/illness)
a deadly weapon/disease
He was charged with possession of a deadly weapon.
deadly poison
2/[only before noun] extreme; complete
I’m in deadly earnest.
We sat in deadly silence.
They are deadly enemies (= are full of hatred for each other).
The missile found its target with deadly accuracy.
- adv:
1/ (informal) extremely
deadly serious/dull
2/ (also more frequent deathly) like a dead person; suggesting death
deadly pale/cold

Question 13

-assorted adjective /əˈsɔːtɪd/: of various different sorts
SYN diverse, various, miscellaneous (abbr. misc.): a sale of miscellaneous household items
The meat is served with salad or assorted vegetables.
The jumper comes in assorted colours.
-miscellany noun /mɪˈseləni/ [singular] (formal)
a group or collection of different kinds of things
SYNONYM assortment, mixture
a wide assortment of gifts to choose from
He was dressed in an odd assortment of clothes.
an assortment of plates of varying sizes

Question 14

-fixture /ˈfɪkstʃə(r)/:
1/a thing such as a bath or toilet that is fixed in a house and that you do not take with you when you move house
(British English) The price of the house includes fixtures and fittings.
2/(British English) a sports event that has been arranged to take place on a particular date and at a particular place
There are plans to make the race an annual fixture.
Saturday’s fixture against Liverpool
the season’s fixture list

-Fittings : [usually plural] (British English) items in a house such as a cooker, lights or shelves that are usually fixed but that you can take with you when you move to a new house
The room still has the original fixtures and fittings.

Question 15

• expand: [intransitive, transitive] to become greater in size, number or importance; to make something greater in size, number or importance
  Metals expand when they are heated.
  expand to do something The waist expands to fit all sizes.
  The gallery’s focus will expand to include the work of modern artists.
  expand (from something) to something By 1999, the event had expanded from two to three days.
  expand something They are continuing to expand the range of goods and services they offer.

-OPP: contract
[intransitive, transitive] to become less or smaller; to make something become less or smaller
Glass contracts as it cools.
The universe is expanding rather than contracting.
a contracting market
The economy will contract by 2 per cent this year.
The heart muscles contract to expel the blood.
Syn: shrink (shrank, shrunk) (i): become smaller, esp. When washed in water that is too hot: my sweater shrank in the wash

Question 16

-enlist [ I ]to join the armed forces:
They both enlisted (in the navy) a year before the war broke out.

-demobilize verb /diːˈməʊbəlaɪz/
1/[intransitive] (of a country or group of soldiers) to stop military activities
The president insisted the rebels must disarm and demobilize.
2/(also British English, informal demob) [transitive] demobilize somebody to release somebody from military service, especially at the end of a war
We were waiting to be demobilized.
The army has demobilized 200 000 soldiers in the last two years.
COMPARE mobilize

Question 17

-epidemic noun /ˌepɪˈdemɪk/
1/ a large number of cases of a particular disease or medical condition happening at the same time in a particular community
the outbreak of a flu epidemic
An epidemic of measles broke out, and over 200 children died.
Effectively, tobacco companies will be exporting an epidemic of smoking-related diseases, the campaign suggests.
2/ a sudden rapid increase in how often something bad happens
A recent report describes an epidemic of crime in the inner cities.
-adj:
1/ (of something bad) occurring more and more frequently in a particular place
Car theft is now reaching epidemic proportions.
Marriage breakdown in the West has reached epidemic proportions.
2/ (of a disease or medical condition) with large numbers of cases occurring at the same time in a particular community
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in this country.
epidemic disease
COMPARE pandemic

-proportion –n
1/ [size/shape] proportions [ plural ]: the size, shape, or level of something:
A fund that grows to massive proportions must adapt its investment strategy.
The pensions underfunding problem is reaching crisis proportions.
2/ in direct proportion to sth: used to say that two things are connected, so that an increase in one is directly related to an increase in the other:
The level of crime in an area is almost always in direct proportion to the number of unemployed.
3/ [ relationship ]
the number, amount, or level of one thing when compared to another:
the proportion of sth to sth The proportion of international sales to net sales will continue to affect the company’s operating results.
Existing shareholders are allowed to buy new shares in proportion to their holdings.
4/[ part of whole] the number or amount of part of something when compared to the whole:
boost/increase the proportion of sth He pledged to boost the group’s proportion of home sales from 5% to 10%.
as a proportion of sth Last year, public spending as a proportion of GDP sank to its lowest since the mid-1960s.
It will take a few years before one will be able to observe equal proportions of men and women in sales management.
a high/large/significant proportion
a low/small proportion

Question 18

salivate verb /ˈsælɪveɪt/ /ˈsælɪveɪt/
[intransitive] (formal or humorous)
to produce more saliva /səˈlaɪ.və/ (=spit) in your mouth than usual, especially when you see or smell food
1/secrete saliva, especially in anticipation of food.
“the delicious aroma of rich stews made us salivate”
2.
display great relish at the sight or prospect of something.
“I was fairly salivating at the prospect of a $10 million loan”

Answer 18

a

Question 19

Flop [I]:
1/[fail] [intransitive] (informal) to be a complete failure
The play flopped on Broadway.
England flopped in the European Championship.
Many of his ambitious schemes have flopped in the past.
2/ (FALL) [ I always + adv/prep ]
to fall or drop heavily:
A newborn baby’s head flops backward if you don’t support it.
Hugh’s hair keeps flopping over/into his eyes.
When she gets home from school, she’s so tired all she can do is flop down in front of the television.

Question 20

flex (something) [T, I] to bend, move or stretch an arm or a leg, or pull a muscle tight, especially in order to prepare for a physical activity
to flex your fingers/feet/legs
He stood on the side of the pool flexing his muscles.

Question 21

tower over/above somebody/something - phrasal verb
1/to be much higher or taller than the people or things that are near
The cliffs towered above them.
He towered over his classmates.
2/to be much better than others in ability, quality, etc.
She towers over other dancers of her generation.

Question 22

Fit –v
1/put something somewhere
1.a/ [transitive] to put or fix something somewhere
fit something + adv./prep. They fitted a smoke alarm to the ceiling.
uPVC windows have been fitted throughout the house.
fit something with something The rooms were all fitted with smoke alarms.
1.b/ [intransitive, transitive] to put or join something in the right place
fit + adv./prep. The glass fits on top of the jug to form a lid.
How do these two parts fit together?
fit something + adv./prep. We fitted together the pieces of the puzzle.
If the top of the box fits badly, the contents will spill out.
2/agree/match:
to agree with, match or be suitable for something; to make something do this
fit into something His pictures don’t fit into any category.
fit with something The words fit perfectly with the music.
fit something The facts certainly fit your theory.
fit something to something We should fit the punishment to the crime.
We tailor our programs to fit their needs.
Fit – adj
1/[suitable]
suitable; of the right quality; with the right qualities or skills
fit for somebody/something The food was not fit for human consumption.
It was a meal fit for a king (= of very good quality).
fit for doing something The children seem to think I’m only fit for cooking and washing!
fit to do something Your car isn’t fit to be on the road!
2/ready
fit to do something (British English, informal) ready or likely to do something extreme
They worked until they were fit to drop (= so tired that they were likely to fall down).
I’ve eaten so much I’m fit to burst.
She was laughing fit to burst (= very much).
Fit –n:
1/illness
[countable] a sudden attack of an illness, such as epilepsy, in which somebody becomes unconscious and their body may make violent movements
SYNONYM convulsion
to have an epileptic fit
He suffered from headaches and fainting fits.
Her fits are now controlled by drugs.
2/of coughing/laughter
[countable] a sudden short period of coughing (= forcing air through the throat noisily) or of laughing, that you cannot control
SYNONYM bout
a fit of coughing
He had us all in fits (of laughter) with his jokes.
3/of strong feeling
[countable] a short period of very strong feeling
to act in a fit of anger/rage/temper/pique

Question 23

plea noun /pliː/
1/ (formal) a serious emotional request, especially for something needing action now
plea for something She made an impassioned plea for help.
plea (to somebody) (to do something) a plea to industries to stop pollution
He refused to listen to her tearful pleas.
2/(law) a statement made by somebody or for somebody who is accused of a crime
a plea of guilty/not guilty
to enter a guilty plea

Question 24

expend verb /ɪkˈspend/ (formal): to use or spend a lot of time, money, energy, etc.
expend something (in/on something) She expended all her efforts on the care of home and children.
expend something in/on doing something Smith had expended large sums in pursuing his claim through the court.
expend something doing something Most animals expend a lot of energy searching for food.

Question 25

• fellow adjective /ˈfeləʊ/ [only before noun]: used to describe somebody who is the same as you in some way, or in the same situation
  fellow citizens/students
  my fellow passengers on the train
  From the outset of his illness, he has been driven to help fellow sufferers.
  Thousands of their fellow countrymen are dead.
  We sometimes appear to care more for animals than for our fellow human beings.

-fellow –n /ˈfeləʊ/:
1/[usually plural] a person that you work with or that is like you; a thing that is similar to the one mentioned
She has a very good reputation among her fellows.
Many caged birds live longer than their fellows in the wild.
2/[teachers/student] (British English) a senior member of some colleges or universities
She’s a fellow of New College, Oxford.
3/ [member] a member of an academic or professional organization
He’s a fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons.
She was elected a fellow of the Academy.

• fellowship -noun /ˈfeləʊʃɪp/
  1/[ C ] the position of a fellow at a college or university:
  He was elected to an honorary fellowship at St John’s College.
  2/[ C ] an amount of money that is given to postgraduate students to allow them to study a subject at an advanced level:
  be awarded a fellowship She was awarded a $60,000-a-year fellowship at the Duggan Institute for Global Health.
  apply for a fellowship He has applied for a research fellowship.
  3/[ C ] formal
  a group of people with the same interests or area of work:
  She is one of a small fellowship of showbusiness consultants.
• fellow feeling noun /ˌfeləʊ ˈfiːlɪŋ/[uncountable, countable]
  a feeling of sympathy for somebody because you have shared similar experiences
• teaching fellow = teaching assistant (abb. TA)
• fellow traveller noun: a person who is travelling to the same place as another person
  He passed the time chatting with fellow travellers.

Question 26

demolish verb /dɪˈmɒlɪʃ/
1/ demolish something to pull or knock down a building; to destroy something
The factory is due to be demolished next year.
The old slums are being demolished to make way for a new housing project.
The car had skidded across the road and demolished part of the wall.
Tornadoes demolished trailers and blew roofs off houses.
2/demolish something (British English, informal) to eat something very quickly
The children demolished their burgers and chips.
3/ demolish something to show that an idea or theory is completely wrong
A recent book has demolished this theory.
He has successfully demolished the opposition’s arguments.

Question 27

-in no time (at all) –idiom: very quickly:
Now that we’re on the highway, we’ll be there in no time.
-get ahead of oneself: (idiomatic) To focus excessively on one’s plans or on prospective future events without paying adequate attention to the present: “I am getting ahead of myself; let’s return to the beginning”
- get a/your foot in the door: to enter a business or organization at a low level, but with a chance of being more successful in the future:
Making contacts can help you get a foot in the door when it comes to getting a job
-pull an all-nighter: idiom: to stay up all night, especially to study or work:
She pulled an all-nighter to study for an exam.
- all-nighter :noun [ C ]: informal: an event that lasts all night

Question 28

along the lines of something idiom (also along those lines): C2 similar in type:
I was thinking of doing a meal along the lines of that dinner I did for Annie and Dave.
They’re campaigning for the electoral system to be reformed along the lines of (= so that it becomes similar to) the one in Germany.

-phrasal verb: factor something in | factor something into something: to include a particular fact or situation when you are thinking about or planning something:
Remember to factor in staffing costs when you are planning the project.
- phrase: by a factor of + number: If an amount becomes larger or smaller by a factor of a particular number, it becomes that number of times larger or smaller (the amount that a number is multiplied or divided by):
Cases of leukaemia in the area near the nuclear reactor have risen by a factor of four./ an image magnified by a factor of 4/ The picture shows the insect’s head magnified ten times.
You should reduce your final figures by a factor of three.
- the . . . factor: something special that a product, idea, person, etc. has that makes them successful or makes people notice them:
What’s missing from this organization is the leadership factor.
Her latest fashion collection certainly has the wow factor.

Question 29

-Schema –n: an outline of a plan or theory
an attempt to reduce complex economic theory to a simple schema
-schematic adjective /skiːˈmætɪk/
1/having a fixed plan or pattern
The play has a very schematic plot.
2/(of a diagram) showing the main features or relationships but not the details
a schematic diagram
-schematize verb [T] /ˈskiːmətaɪz/: schematize something to organize something in a system
schematized data

Question 30

-corporate alum(s) (= company alumnus/alumni)
-grad(s): =graduate : Female college grads today make more than twice as much as high school graduates.
-alumnus: abbr: alum (plural: alumni /əˈlʌm.naɪ/)
[PAST MEMBER]
a/someone who studied at a particular school, college, or university:
alumnus of He was an alumnus of the University of Melbourne.
b/someone who worked for a particular organization, was involved in a particular TV show, etc., earlier in their working life:
Alumni of the restaurant include many famous chefs.
-alumna /əˈlʌm.nə/ (plural: alumnae /əˈlʌm.niː/)
[PAST MEMBER]
a/a woman who studied at a particular school, college, or university:
She is a proud alumna of the University of Colorado, Denver.
b/a woman who worked for a particular organization, was involved in a particular TV show, etc., earlier in her working life:
She is an alumna of Procter & Gamble.

Question 31

Radical
-n: radical noun [C] (SUPPORTING CHANGE):a person who supports great social, economic, or political change
-adj.:
1/ (VERY IMPORTANT)C1
relating to the most important parts of something or someone; complete or extreme:
We need to make some radical changes to our operating procedures.
I’m just having my hair trimmed - nothing radical.
2/(SUPPORTING CHANGE) C2: believing or expressing the belief that there should be great or extreme social or political change:
He was known as a radical reformer/thinker/politician.
These people have very radical views.

Question 32

Oncoming
-n: the fact of being about to happen in the near future.
“the oncoming of age”
-adj:
1/ approaching; moving toward.
“she walked into the path of an oncoming car”
2/ due to happen or occur in the near future.
“the oncoming Antarctic winter”

Question 33

-Yielding adj = willing
-yield v:
1/ [transitive] yield something to produce or provide something, for example a profit, result or crop
“the land yields grapes and tobacco”
The company initially backed the business in its infancy with a $13 million funding round and its total 10 per cent stake could yield a profit of $1.2 billion.
Higher-rate deposit accounts yield good returns.
The research has yielded useful information.
These trees no longer yield fruit.
The project is expected to yield good returns in future.
2/ [intransitive] (formal) to stop resisting something/somebody; to agree to do something that you do not want to do
SYNONYM give way (to sb/sth): He refused to give way on any of the points.
After a long siege, the town was forced to yield.
yield to something/somebody He reluctantly yielded to their demands.
I yielded to temptation and had a chocolate bar.

Question 34

There are several synonyms for the phrase “it turns out” when used to introduce a clause or statement. Here are a few alternatives:
it happens…
it transpires…
it appears…
it emerges…
it becomes evident…
it is revealed…
it unfolds…
it materializes…
it comes to light…
it is discovered…
I take it that… : I suppose, I assume, I imagine

• emerge :V
  1/[intransitive] emerge (from something) to survive a difficult situation or experience
  She emerged from the scandal with her reputation intact.
  The world is only slowly emerging from recession.
  2/[intransitive, transitive] (of facts, ideas, etc.) to become known
  SYNONYM transpire /trænˈspaɪər/ [T] (transpire that… if it transpires that something has happened or is true, it is known or has been shown to be true: It transpired that the gang had had a contact inside the bank./This story, it later transpired, was untrue.)
  emerge from something A clear picture emerges from this complex set of data.
  it emerges that… It emerged that the company was going to be sold.
  No new evidence emerged during the investigation.
  More research is needed, but already a pattern has emerged.
  More details have emerged of his relationship with the film star.
  Problems with this drug are now beginning to emerge.
  3/ [intransitive] to start to exist; to appear or become known
  emerge as something He emerged as a key figure in the campaign
  After the elections opposition groups began to emerge.
  The University of Colorado emerged as the overall winner.
  –intact adjective /ɪnˈtækt/[not usually before noun]: complete and not damaged
  SYNONYM undamaged
  Most of the house remains intact even after two hundred years.
  He emerged from the trial with his reputation intact.

Answer 34

a

Question 35

Backtrack - verb [ I ] /ˈbækˌtræk/
1/[ go back ] to go back the same way you came, or to consider information again:
We need to backtrack a bit and examine the history of this problem.
2/[change opinion] If you backtrack from something you previously said or agreed to do, you begin to stop supporting it:
The government backtracked on plans that would have increased taxes.

Question 36

-curl up | be curled up [fetal position : adj. /ˈfiːtl/]
​to lie or sit with your back curved and your arms and legs bent close to your body
She curled up and closed her eyes.
She was lying curled up on her bed.
She lay curled up in a fetal position (= like the position of a baby inside its mother before it is born).

[lay face up/upwards] supine adjective /ˈsuːpaɪn/(formal): lying flat on your back
a supine position
Clare remained supine, her eyes closed.

-[lay face down/downwards] prone adjective: /prəʊn/
1/likely to suffer from something or to do something bad
SYNONYM liable
prone to something prone to injury
Working without a break makes you more prone to error.
prone to do something Tired drivers were found to be particularly prone to ignore warning signs.
prone to doing something people who are genetically prone to putting on weight
1.a/ -prone: (in adjectives): likely to suffer or do the thing mentioned
injury-prone / accident-prone / error-prone: She was the most accident-prone of the four children./ The process is manual, time-consuming and error-prone.
2/ (formal) lying flat with the front of your body touching the ground
SYNONYM prostrate /ˈprɒstreɪt/ [I]: lying prostrate on the groundb
The victim lay prone without moving.
He was found lying in a prone position.
- liable adjective /ˈlaɪəbl/: [not before noun]
1/[LAW] liable (for something) legally responsible for paying the cost of something
You will be liable for any damage caused.
The court ruled he could not be held personally liable for his wife’s debts.
2/liable to do something: likely to do something
We’re all liable to make mistakes when we’re tired.
The bridge is liable to collapse at any moment.

Answer 36

a

Question 37

-Overtake: v
1/[transitive, intransitive] overtake (somebody/something) (especially British English) to go past a moving vehicle or person ahead of you because you are going faster than they are
He pulled out to overtake a truck.
It’s dangerous to overtake on a bend.
2/[transitive] overtake somebody/something to become greater in number, amount or importance than something else
SYNONYM outstrip
Nuclear energy may overtake oil as the main fuel.
We mustn’t let ourselves be overtaken by our competitors.
Quinine has been overtaken by newer drugs.
3/[transitive, often passive] overtake somebody/something if something unpleasant overtakes a person, it unexpectedly starts to happen and to affect them
The climbers were overtaken by bad weather.
Sudden panic overtook her.
Our original plan was overtaken by events (= the situation changed very rapidly) and we had to make a new one.
-undertake- v:
1/undertake to do something | undertake that… to agree or promise that you will do something
He undertook to finish the job by Friday.
2/undertake something to make yourself responsible for something and start doing it
to undertake a task/project
University professors both teach and undertake research.
The company has announced that it will undertake a full investigation into the accident.

Question 38

-Rally –v
[intransitive, transitive] to come together or bring people together in order to help or support somebody/something
rally around/behind somebody/something The cabinet rallied behind the Prime Minister.
rally to somebody/something Many national newspapers rallied to his support.
rally somebody/something They have rallied a great deal of support for their campaign.
The country hastily rallied its defences.
rally somebody/something around/behind/to something The president must rally the country around a clear and credible goal.
-rally –n:
1/ [countable] a large public meeting, especially one held to support a particular idea or political party
to attend/hold a rally
a peace/protest rally
a mass rally in support of the strike
2/ [countable] a race for cars, motorcycles, etc. over public roads
the Monte Carlo rally
rally driving
He will join the team at the rally next week.

Question 39

Outstrip –v [T]:
1/to be more successful than other companies or countries:
outstrip competitors/rivals Ratings of the latest BBC news channel have outstripped all their commercial rivals.
be outstripped by sth A high proportion of manufacturing businesses in Western Europe have now been outstipped by foreign competition.
2/to grow or develop more quickly than something else:
Credit card complaints outstrip all other bank-related grievances.
outstrip supply/demand/inflation Supplies of goods and services are outstripping demand.
be outstripped by sth Output in the sector has increased, but has been outstripped by service sector growth and so has fallen as a proportion of the total economy.
3/to be more successful than expected:
outstrip expectations/forecasts/predictions Group sales were up 6% to $5.8 billion, outstripping Wall Street expectations of $5.47 billion.

Question 40

-tax verb [T] (NEED EFFORT): to need someone to make a lot of effort, either physical or mental:
He only has to read a short report - it shouldn’t tax him too much.
-overtax: overtax somebody/something/yourself to do more than you are able or want to do; to make somebody/something do more than they are able or want to do
to overtax your strength
Take it easy. Don’t overtax yourself.

Question 41

Cuddle, snuggle:
1/ cuddle verb /ˈkʌdl/[intransitive, transitive]: to hold somebody/something close in your arms to show love
SYNONYM hug
A couple of teenagers were kissing and cuddling on the doorstep.
cuddle something (+ adj.) The little boy cuddled the teddy bear close.
2/ snuggle verb /ˈsnʌɡl/[intransitive, transitive]: to get into, or to put somebody/something into, a warm comfortable position, especially close to somebody
+ adv./prep. The child snuggled up to her mother.
He snuggled down under the bedclothes.
She snuggled closer.
snuggle something + adv./prep. He snuggled his head onto her shoulder.

curl up | be curled up /kɜːrld/
​to lie or sit with your back curved and your arms and legs bent close to your body
She curled up and closed her eyes.
She was lying curled up on her bed.

clung /klʌŋ/ [intransitive] to hold on tightly to somebody/something
cling to somebody/something survivors clinging to a raft
cling on to somebody/something She clung on to her baby.
Leaves still clung to the branches.

Answer 41

a

Question 42

reservoir noun /ˈrezəvwɑː(r)/
1/(formal) a large amount of something that is available to be used
We can tap into the vast reservoir of information available on the internet
2/ a natural or artificial lake where water is stored before it is taken by pipes to houses, etc.
The water content of the country’s reservoirs had fallen to less than 50% of their capacity.
They got up early and went for a swim in the reservoir.

Question 43

Rat -n: informal: a person who is associated with or frequents a specified place.
“LA mall rats” / gym rat

Question 44

Slope -verb [ I ] /sloʊp/: Synonyms: incline /pitch :to be at an angle to the horizontal:
The path slopes up/down to the house.
The football pitch sloped at the south end, so one half of the game had to be played uphill.

Question 45

polarize verb /ˈpəʊləraɪz/- [divide opinions] [intransitive, transitive] to separate or make people separate into two groups with completely opposite opinions
Public opinion has polarized on this issue.
polarize something The issue has polarized public opinion.

Question 46

compound something /kəmˈpaʊnd/
1/[worsen] to make something bad become even worse by causing further damage or problems
The problems were compounded by severe food shortages.
The Chancellor compounded the situation by ruling out an early cut in interest rates.
2/make up (a composite whole); constitute.
be compounded of/from something: “a dialect compounded of Spanish and Dutch”/The DNA molecule is compounded from many smaller molecules.
3/mix or combine (ingredients or constituents).
(be) compounded with something”: yellow pastas compounded with lemon zest or saffron”/ liquid soaps compounded with disinfectant
-N:
compound noun /ˈkɑːmpaʊnd/
1/(COMBINATION) a thing consisting of two or more separate things combined together
compounds derived from rainforest plants
The air smelled like a compound of diesel and petrol fumes.
Then there was his manner, a curious compound of humour and severity.
2/(AREA): khu khép kín: an area surrounded by fences or walls that contains a group of buildings:
The gates opened and the troops marched into their compound.
The embassy compound has been closed to the public because of a bomb threat.
-complex noun [C]:
1/ (BUILDING)C1: khu liên hợp: a large building with various connected rooms or a related group of buildings:
a shopping/sports and leisure complex
US They live in a large apartment complex.
2/(BAD FEELING) C2: a particular anxiety or unconscious fear that a person has, especially as a result of an unpleasant experience that they have had in the past or because they have a low opinion of their own worth:
an inferiority complex
I think he’s got a complex about being bald.
Don’t go on about her weight - you’ll give her a complex!
- senior citizen : (US also senior): polite expression for an old person:
Admission: $6 adults; $4 seniors, students and children.
- senior –n: (OLDER)
20, 30, etc. years someone’s senior = 20, 30, etc. years older than someone:
She married a man 20 years her senior./ My brother is my senior by two years.

Question 47

Airside vs landside
Airside (n, adv) refers to the area beyond the security checkpoint, where passengers wait to board their flights. (include the duty free shops and often the lounges)
Landside (n,adv) (areas of the airport accessible to the general public ): refers to the area before the security checkpoint, which includes the check-in counters, baggage claim area, and other facilities (include parking lots, fuel tank farms and access roads)

Question 48

Drop - v
1/[in sport]: [transitive] drop something to fail to win something
It’s a long time since we dropped a game.
They didn’t drop any points until halfway through the season.
She dropped the second set but came back to win the match.
He dropped his serve (= failed to win games in which it was his turn to hit the ball first) twice in the first set.
2/ eyes
[intransitive, transitive] your eyes/gaze drop | drop your eyes/gaze (formal) to look down
Her eyes dropped to her lap.
She smiled and let her eyes drop again.
3/[slope downwards]
[intransitive] to slope steeply downwards
drop (away) (from something) In front of them the valley dropped sharply away from the road.
drop (away) (into/to something) The land dropped steeply away into a small valley.
4/ stop
[transitive] drop something to stop doing or discussing something; to not continue with something
I dropped German (= stopped studying it) when I was 14.
Drop everything and come at once!
Look, can we just drop it (= stop talking about it)?
I think we’d better drop the subject.
The police decided to drop the charges against her.
Let’s drop the formalities—please call me Mike.
5/ drop (someone) a hint -phrase informal: to tell someone something in a way that is not direct:
She dropped a hint that she’d like to come to the party.
6/ leave out
[transitive] to leave somebody/something out by accident or deliberately
drop somebody/something from something She’s been dropped from the team because of injury.
drop somebody/something He spoke with a cockney accent and dropped his aitches (= did not pronounce the letter ‘h’ at the start of words).
She was unceremoniously dropped by her record label.

Question 49

1 Said [I, T], talked [I,t], spoke [i]
-Screamed : [I, T] /skriːmd/ SYNONYM yell (yelled): to shout something in a loud, high voice because of fear, anger, etc.
[I] scream (out) for something/somebody Someone was screaming for help.
scream at somebody to do something He screamed at me to stop.
[T] scream something (out) (at somebody) She screamed abuse at him.

• shouted: [I, T] /ˈʃaʊtɪd/: to say something in a loud voice; to speak loudly/angrily to somebody
  [ I ] shout for something I shouted for help but nobody came.
  shout at somebody/something Then he started shouting and swearing at her.
  [ T] shout something at/to somebody/something A drunk man was shouting obscenities at the police officer.
  shout that… He shouted that he couldn’t swim.
  shout yourself + adj. She shouted herself hoarse, cheering on the team.

-sobbed [T] /sɑːb/ [transitive] to say something while you are crying
+ speech: ‘I hate him,’ she sobbed.
sob something (out) He sobbed out his troubles.

-whispered [I], [T] ˈwɪspə(r)/: to speak very quietly to somebody so that other people cannot hear what you are saying
[i] whisper to somebody + speech ‘Let’s go,’ she whispered to Anne.
whisper about something What are you two whispering about?
[t] whisper something She leaned over and whispered something in his ear.
whisper something to somebody I whispered words of comfort to him.

-yawned [i] to open the mouth wide and take in and let out a deep breath without conscious effort, usually when you are tired or bored:
She yawned, covering her mouth with her hand.

-hummed [intransitive, transitive] to sing a tune with your lips closed
[I] She was humming softly to herself.
He began to hum along with the music.
[T] hum something What’s that tune you’re humming?

Question 50

2 Walked [i] / climbed
-stride (v2/ed: strode) [I, not used in the perfect tenses]:
+ adv./prep. to walk with long steps in a particular direction
We strode across the snowy fields.
She came striding along to meet me.

• marched (WALK) C2 [ I ]
  to walk somewhere quickly and in a determined way, often because you are angry:
  She marched into my office and demanded to know why I hadn’t written my report.

-hobbled /ˈhɒbld/
1/ [intransitive] (+ adv./prep.) to walk with difficulty, especially because your feet or legs hurt
He hobbled painfully across the road.
She was hobbling around on crutches.
SYNONYM limped /lɪmpt/ (​[intransitive] to walk slowly or with difficulty because one leg is injured
She had twisted her ankle and was limping.
+ adv./prep. Matt limped painfully off the field.)
2/[transitive, usually passive] hobble something to make it more difficult for somebody to do something or for something to happen
Our work is hobbled by the amount of bureaucracy involved.

-Strolled: /strəʊl/ [I] (+ adv./prep.) :to walk somewhere in a slow relaxed way
People were strolling along the beach.
-SYN ambled /ˈæmbld/ + adv./prep. to walk at a slow relaxed speed
We ambled down to the beach.
They ambled along for miles.
Mark ambled over to the girls.
-SYN sauntered, SYNONYM stroll /ˈsɔːntəd/ [I]: + adv./prep. to walk in a slow relaxed way
He sauntered by, looking as if he had all the time in the world.

-hiked [intransitive, transitive] to go for a long walk in the country, especially for pleasure
[i] You’ll need some strong boots for hiking over rough country.
We’re planning to hike across the Brecon Beacons.
[t] hike something (North American English) I always wanted to hike the Rockies.

• trekked /trekt/: [intransitive] (+ adv./prep.) (informal) to make a long or difficult journey, especially on foot
  I hate having to trek up that hill with all the groceries.
  Finally, we trekked across the wet sands towards the camp.
• paraded /pəˈreɪdɪd/
  1/[walk to celebrate/protest] [intransitive] (+ adv./prep.) to walk somewhere in a formal group of people, in order to celebrate or protest about something
  The victorious team will parade through the city tomorrow morning.
  2/[show in public]
  2.a/ [intransitive] + adv./prep. to walk around in a way that makes other people notice you
  People were parading up and down showing off their finest clothes.
  2.b/ [T] parade somebody/something + adv./prep. to show somebody/something in public so that people can see them/it
  The trophy was paraded around the stadium.
  The prisoners were paraded in front of the crowd.
  (figurative) He is not one to parade his achievements.

Flocked (i): to go or gather together somewhere in large numbers
+ adv./prep.: thousands of people flocked to the beach this weekend
Flock to do sth: people flocked to hear him speak

-trudged: /trʌdʒd/ [I]: to walk slowly or with heavy steps, because you are tired or carrying something heavy
+ noun He trudged the last two miles to the town.
+ adv./prep. The men trudged up the hill, laden with supplies.
We spent the morning trudging around the mall looking for a suitable gift.

• wandered /ˈwɑːndər/ [I, T] to walk slowly around or to a place, often without any particular sense of purpose or direction
  [I] + adv./prep. She wandered aimlessly around the streets.
  We wandered back towards the car.
  [T] wander something The child was found wandering the streets alone.
  -SYN roamed /rəʊmd/ [I, T] to walk or travel around an area without any definite aim or direction
  + adv./prep. The sheep are allowed to roam freely on this land.
  Ramblers are calling for the right to roam (= the freedom to walk in open countryside) to be extended.
  roam something to roam the countryside/the streets

-zoomed, : [intransitive] + adv./prep. (informal) to move or go somewhere very fast
SYNONYM rush (rushed) to/into/out of sth [I], whizz (whizzed) [i] + adv./prep.
Traffic zoomed past us.
For five weeks they zoomed around Europe.
She spends her time zooming around the country.

• shuffled: đi lê chân /ˈʃʌfld/ [intransitive] + adv./prep. to walk slowly without lifting your feet completely off the ground
  He shuffled across the room to the window.
  The line shuffled forward a little.

-tip-toed [i] /ˈtɪptəʊ/ (+ adv./prep.) to walk using the front parts of your feet only, so that other people cannot hear you
I tiptoed over to the window.
I let myself in with my key and tiptoed up the stairs.
She tiptoed back into the room when he was asleep.

-scrambled /ˈskræmbld/[intransitive] + adv./prep. to move quickly, especially with difficulty, using your hands to help you
SYNONYM clambered /ˈklæmbəd/[i]
She managed to scramble over the wall.
He scrambled to his feet as we came in. (=stood up very quickly and awkwardly)

-stumbled /ˈstʌmbld/
1/ [intransitive] + adv./prep. to walk or move in an unsteady way
Max stumbled out of bed sleepily.
We were stumbling around in the dark looking for a candle.
2/[intransitive] to hit your foot against something while you are walking or running and almost fall
The child stumbled and fell.
stumble over/on something I stumbled over a rock.
SYNONYM trip (tripped)
1/[i] [intransitive] to catch your foot on something and fall or almost fall
trip over/on something Someone will trip over that cable.
trip over/up Be careful you don’t trip up on the step.
2/ [transitive] trip somebody (also trip somebody up)
to catch somebody’s foot and make them fall or almost fall
As I passed, he stuck out a leg and tried to trip me up.
The referee said Morgan was tripped and gave a penalty.

-escort [T] /ɪˈskɔːrt/: escort somebody (+ adv./prep.) to go with somebody to protect or guard them or to show them the way
The president arrived, escorted by twelve soldiers.
Guards escorted me back to my cell.
The referee was escorted from the pitch by police.
Let me escort you home.

Answer 50

a

Question 51

-discourse noun/ˈdɪskɔːs/ [countable, uncountable] (formal) a long and serious treatment or discussion of a subject in speech or writing
discourse on something a discourse on issues of gender and sexuality
He was hoping for some lively political discourse at the meeting.
-discourse on /dɪsˈkɔːrs/ phrasal verb: discourse on/upon something: (formal) to talk or give a long speech about something that you know a lot about
He discoursed for hours on the problems of the education system.

-plead verb (pleaded /ˈpliːdɪd/ | pled /pled/): /pliːd/
1/[intransitive, transitive] to ask somebody for something in a very strong and serious way
SYNONYM beg [I ,T]
plead (with somebody) (to do something) She pleaded with him not to go.
plead (with somebody) (for something) I was forced to plead for my child’s life.
pleading eyes
plead to do something He pleaded to be allowed to see his mother one more time.
+ speech ‘Do something!’ she pleaded.
2/ [intransitive, transitive, no passive] to state in court that you are guilty or not guilty of a crime
+ adj: To plead guilty/not guilty
plead something He tried to plead insanity

-pledgeD [transitive] to formally promise to give or do something
pledge something Japan has pledged $100 million in humanitarian aid.
The government pledged their support for the plan.
pledge something to somebody/something We all had to pledge allegiance to the flag (= state that we are loyal to our country).
pledge to do something The group has pledged to continue campaigning.
pledge (that)… The group has pledged that they will continue campaigning.

Answer 51

a

Question 52

-​foreground noun /ˈfɔːɡraʊnd/[singular]
the most prominent or important position or situation.: Inflation and interest rates will be very much in the foreground of their election campaign.
-foresight noun /ˈfɔːsaɪt/ [uncountable] (approving)
the ability to predict what is likely to happen and to use this to prepare for the future
She had had the foresight to prepare herself financially in case of an accident.
The government’s policies show a remarkable lack of foresight.
COMPARE hindsight (in hindsight : What looks obvious in hindsight was not at all obvious at the time.)
- trump card noun- /ˈtrʌmp kɑːd/ something that gives you an advantage over other people, especially when they do not know what it is and you are able to use it to surprise them
He was able to get what he wanted without having to play his trump card.
Many private schools use small classes as their trump card in marketing campaigns
- play (one’s) trump card: To use a particular stratagem or resource that will give one a distinct advantage over others, often by being held and then used at an opportune time.
I have a feeling the prosecution still hasn’t played their trump card in this trial—I’m expecting a big revelation during tomorrow’s testimony.
-trump [T] -v trump something/somebody to beat something that somebody says or does by saying or doing something even better
They were trumped by another firm that made a lower bid.
- trump something up – PHRASAL VERB:to make up a false story about somebody/something, especially accusing them of doing something wrong
He accused his opponent of trumping up the charge for political reasons.

Answer 52

a

Question 53

3 Ate
-Gobbled: /ˈɡɑːbld/ [transitive, intransitive] to eat something very fast, in a way that people consider rude or greedy
SYNONYM wolf sth [t] (wolf something (down) to eat food very quickly, especially by putting a lot of it in your mouth at once)
[t] gobble (something) Don’t gobble your food like that!
gobble something up/down They gobbled down all the sandwiches.
[i] He gobbled up the last of the chocolates.
-chomped, /tʃɒmpt/: to eat or bite food noisily
chomp (away) (on/through something) She was chomping away on a bagel.
chomp something I don’t like the way he chomps his food.
He chomped his way through two hot dogs.
- SYNONYM munched /mʌntʃt/: to eat something steadily and often noisily, especially something hard and/or dry
munch on/at something She munched on an apple.
munch something He sat in a chair munching his toast.
I munched my way through a huge bowl of cereal.
-SYN : [transitive, intransitive] crunched /krʌntʃt/ (on) something : to bite something noisily between your teeth when you are eating
[T] She crunched her apple noisily.
[I] He was crunching loudly on an apple/a piece of toast.

-chewed, /tʃuːd/ [intransitive, transitive] to bite food into small pieces in your mouth with your teeth to make it easier to swallow
chew (at/on/through something) After the operation you may find it difficult to chew and swallow.
chew something (up) teeth designed for chewing meat
He is always chewing gum.

-gulped /ɡʌlpt/:
1/[transitive] gulp something (down) to swallow large amounts of food or drink quickly
He gulped down the rest of his tea and went out.
2/[intransitive] to swallow, but without eating or drinking something, especially because of a strong emotion such as fear or surprise
She gulped nervously before trying to answer.
‘Do you know where she is?’ asked Chris. The man gulped nervously and nodded.

-tasted [TEST TASTE]: [transitive] taste something to test the taste of something by eating or drinking a small amount of it
SYNONYM try
Taste it and see if you think there’s enough salt in it.
Would you like to taste the wine?

-licked /lɪkt/: [transitive] lick something + adv./prep. to eat or drink something by licking it
The cat licked up the milk.
She licked the honey off the spoon.

-Sucked /sʌkt/ [transitive] suck something (+ adv./prep.) to take liquid, air, etc. into your mouth by using the muscles of your lips
to suck the juice from an orange
She was noisily sucking up milk through a straw.
He sucked the blood from a cut on his finger.

Question 54

Snippet noun [ C ] informal /ˈsnɪp.ɪt/
a short piece of a conversation, piece of music, etc, a small bit or part of something:
snippets of dialogue from the TV show
I’ll watch snippets of baseball games, but I just don’t have that much time to sit and watch the whole thing.
SYNONYM
-snatch /snætʃ/: a very small part of a conversation or some music that you hear: I only caught snatches of the conversation.
- extract (from something): a short passage from a book, piece of music, etc. that gives you an idea of what the whole thing is like : The following extract is taken from her new novel.

Answer 54

a

Question 55

4 Saw
-Glanced: /ɡlænst/ [intransitive] + adv./prep. to look quickly at something/somebody
She glanced at her watch.
He glanced around the room.
I glanced up quickly to see who had come in.

-admired, [t] admire something to look at something and think that it is attractive and/or impressive
He stood back to admire his handiwork.
I’ve just been admiring your new car.
Let’s just sit and admire the view.

-gazed: /ɡeɪzd/ + adv./prep. to look steadily at somebody/something for a long time, either because you are very interested or surprised, or because you are thinking of something else
She gazed at him in amazement.
He sat for hours just gazing into space.
- SYNONYM stared [I] /steəd/
stare at somebody/something I stared blankly at the paper in front of me.
stare up/down at somebody/something They stared up at the hole in the ceiling.
He sat staring into space (= looking at nothing).

-peered [I] (+ adv./prep.): /pɪəd/ to look closely or carefully at something, especially when you cannot see it clearly
We peered into the shadows.
He went to the window and peered out.
She kept peering over her shoulder.

-glared /ɡleəd/: [intransitive] glare (at somebody/something) to look at somebody/something in an angry way
He didn’t shout, he just glared at me silently.
I looked at her and she glared furiously back.
SYNONYM glowered /ˈɡlaʊəd/: [I] (at somebody/something) to look in an angry, aggressive way: Nicola stared at Tom, who glowered back.

-glimpsed /ɡlɪmpst/ somebody/something [T]: to see somebody/something for a moment, but not very clearly (It suggests catching a brief or partial view of something)
He’d glimpsed her through the window as he passed.
Anne is glimpsed briefly at the beginning of the film.
SYNONYM
-catch-caught (8), : [transitive] catch something to notice something only for a moment
She caught sight of a car in the distance.
He caught a glimpse of himself in the mirror.
I caught a look of surprise on her face.
He caught a whiff of her perfume.
-spotted [T]: spot somebody/something Can you spot the difference between these two pictures?
She’s always quick to spot an opportunity.

-spied, [transitive] spy somebody/something (literary or formal) to suddenly see or notice somebody/something
In the distance we spied the Pacific for the first time. (in the distance – phrase: at a point that is far away)

-examined [T]: to look at somebody/something closely, to see if there is anything wrong or to find the cause of a problem
to be examined by a doctor/psychiatrist/specialist/vet
examine somebody/something The doctor examined her carefully but could find nothing wrong.
examine yourself She examined herself closely in the mirror.
examine something/somebody for something The samples were examined under the microscope for the presence of damaged cells.

-peeked /piːkt/ [intransitive] to look at something quickly and secretly because you should not be looking at it
No peeking!
+ adv./prep. She peeked at the audience from behind the curtain.
I couldn’t resist peeking in the drawer.
-SYNONYM peep [intransitive] (+ adv./prep.) to look quickly and secretly at something, especially through a small opening
We caught her peeping through the keyhole.
Could I just peep inside?

• Looked (use eyes) [I]: [intransitive] to turn your eyes in a particular direction
  If you look carefully you can just see our house from here.
  look at somebody/something She looked at me and smiled.
  look + adv./prep. I got up and looked out of the window.

-examined, [T] to look at somebody/something closely, to see if there is anything wrong or to find the cause of a problem
to be examined by a doctor/psychiatrist/specialist/vet
examine somebody/something The doctor examined her carefully but could find nothing wrong.
examine yourself She examined herself closely in the mirror.
examine something/somebody for something The samples were examined under the microscope for the presence of damaged cells.

-OBSERVED [transitive, intransitive] (formal) to watch somebody/something carefully, especially to learn more about them
[I] He observes keenly, but says little.
[T] observe somebody/something I felt he was observing everything I did.
observe somebody/something for something The patient should be observed for signs of an allergic reaction.
observe how, what, etc… They observed how the parts of the machine fitted together.
SYNONYM monitor [T]

• witnessed (rather formal) to see something happen (accident, disaster…):
  Police have appealed for anyone who witnessed the incident to contact them.

Question 56

10 Ran
-Jogged, /dʒɑːɡd/ : (also go jogging) [intransitive] to run slowly and steadily for a long time, especially for exercise
I go jogging every evening.

-pelted, [intransitive] + adv./prep. (informal) to run somewhere very fast
We pelted down the hill after the car.
SYNONYM dashed / dæʃt/: [intransitive] to go somewhere very quickly
I must dash (= leave quickly), I’m late.
+ adv./prep. She dashed off to keep an appointment.
He dashed along the platform and jumped on the train.

-sprinted /ˈsprɪntɪd/ [I, T] to run or swim a short distance very fast
+ adv./prep. He sprinted for the line.
Three runners sprinted past.
She jumped out of the car and sprinted for the front door.
sprint something I sprinted the last few metres.

-Bolted –v [I]
1/[intransitive] if an animal, especially a horse, bolts, it suddenly runs away because it is frightened
Bonnie the mare broke free and bolted.
The plane swooped down low and the horses bolted.
2/[intransitive] (+ adv./prep.) (of a person) to run away, especially in order to escape
When he saw the police arrive, he bolted down an alley.

-shot (MOVE QUICKLY): C2 [ I usually + adv/prep ]: to move in a particular direction very quickly and directly:
She shot past me several metres before the finishing line.
He shot out of the office a minute ago - I think he was late for a meeting.
They were just shooting off to work so we didn’t stop to talk.

-raced, [intransitive, transitive] to move very fast; to move somebody/something very fast:
[I] + adv./prep. He raced up the stairs.
The days seemed to race past.
Her two dogs raced ahead.
She raced through the work in no time at all.
[T] race somebody/something + adv./prep. The injured man was raced to the hospital.

-stumbled, /ˈstʌmbld/: [intransitive] + adv./prep. to walk or move in an unsteady way
Max stumbled out of bed sleepily.
We were stumbling around in the dark looking for a candle.

lurched /lɜːtʃt/ [i]
1/ [intransitive] (+ adv./prep.) to make a sudden, unsteady movement forward or to one side
SYNONYM stagger, sway
Suddenly the horse lurched to one side and the child fell off.
The man lurched drunkenly out of the pub.
2/ [intransitive] if your heart or stomach lurches, you have a sudden feeling of fear or excitement

-staggered, /ˈstæɡərd/ [intransitive, transitive] to walk with weak unsteady steps, as if you are about to fall
(+ adv./prep.) The injured woman staggered to her feet.
He staggered home, drunk.
We seem to stagger from one crisis to the next.
(figurative) The company is staggering under the weight of a £10m debt.
stagger something I managed to stagger the last few steps.
-SYNONYM tottered /ˈtɑːtərd/ [intransitive] (+ adv./prep.) to walk or move with weak, unsteady steps, especially because you are drunk or ill
She managed to totter back to her seat.

-swayed, /sweɪd/: [intransitive, transitive] to move slowly from side to side; to move something in this way
(+ adv./prep.) The branches were swaying in the wind.
Vicky swayed and fell.
sway something (+ adv./prep.) They danced rhythmically, swaying their hips to the music.

-galloped /ˈɡæləpt/: [intransitive] (+ adv./prep.) (informal) (of a person) to run very quickly
She came galloping down the street.
Dick galloped down the stairs to greet them.
-SYNONYM charged
[intransitive] + adv./prep. to rush in a particular direction
The children charged down the stairs.
He came charging into my room and demanded to know what was going on.

Answer 56

A

Question 57

9 Found :
1/[by chance]: [transitive] to discover somebody/something unexpectedly or by chance
find somebody/something Look what I’ve found!/ We’ve found a great new restaurant near the office.
find somebody/something + adj. A whale was found washed up on the shore.
2/[by searching] [transitive] to get back something/somebody that was lost after searching for it/them
find something for somebody Can you find my bag for me?
find somebody something Can you find me my bag?
find somebody/something + adj. The child was eventually found safe and well.

-TURNED UP
1/[I] be found, especially by chance, after being lost.
“all the missing documents had turned up”
2/[T] to discover something, especially information, after a lot of searching:
“New Yorkers confidently expect the inquiry to turn up nothing”/Our efforts to trace him turned up nothing.

-Located, [transitive] locate somebody/something to find the exact position of somebody/something
The mechanic located the fault immediately.
Rescue planes are trying to locate the missing sailors.

-unearthed, /ʌnˈɜːrθt/ [T] unearth something to find or discover something by chance or after searching for it
SYNONYM dig/dug up (to discover information about somebody/something: Tabloid newspapers love to dig up scandal.)
I unearthed my old diaries when we moved house.
The newspaper has unearthed some disturbing facts.

-identified, [T] : to find or discover somebody/something
identify somebody/something First of all we must identify the problem areas.
Scientists have identified the gene responsible for the disease.
As yet they have not identified a buyer for the company.
to identify a need/factor/source/cause
identify what, which, etc… They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system.

-​uncovered something [T] to discover something that was previously hidden or secret
Police have uncovered a plot to kidnap the President’s son.
It will be difficult to uncover the truth.

• encountered somebody/something T to meet somebody, or discover or experience something, especially somebody/something new, unusual or unexpected
  She was the most remarkable woman he had ever encountered.
  Plant scientists first encountered the phenomenon in the 1930s.
  SYNONYM come across sb/sth [T] ([no passive] to meet or find somebody/something by chance
  I came across children sleeping under bridges.
  She came across some old photographs in a drawer.)

Question 58

8 Laughed, smiled
- laughter noun /ˈlæftər/[uncountable]: the act or sound of laughing
to roar/howl with laughter
tears/gales/peals of laughter
Everyone burst into fits of laughter.
a house full of laughter (= with a happy atmosphere)
He gave a snort of derisive laughter.
laughter from somebody When he said this, there was hysterical laughter from the audience.

-Giggled, /ˈɡɪɡld/ [I, T]
giggle (at/about somebody/something) | (+ speech) to laugh in a silly way because you are embarrassed or nervous or you think that something is funny
The girls giggled at the joke.
They giggled nervously as they waited for their turn.
She giggled with delight.

• chuckled (at/about something) /ˈtʃʌkld/ [I]: to laugh quietly
  She chuckled at the memory.

-smirked, /smɜːrkt/ [I]
to smile in a silly or unpleasant way that shows that you are pleased with yourself, know something that other people do not know, etc.
It was hard not to smirk.
He smirked unpleasantly when we told him the bad news.
She smirked to herself as she walked away.
What are you smirking at?

-grinned = beamed , /ɡrɪnd/ [I, T] to smile widely
They grinned with delight when they heard our news.
Stop grinning and tell me what happened!
grin at somebody She grinned amiably at us.
grin something He grinned a wide grin.

-guffawed: /ɡəˈfɔːd/ [I]: to laugh loudly but briefly:
Kruger guffawed as though Ray had told him a really funny joke.
They all guffawed at his jokes.
He guffawed with delight when he heard the news.

-roared /rɔːrd/ [intransitive] to laugh very loudly
He looked so funny, we all roared.
roar with laughter It made them roar with laughter.

-howled /haʊld/ [intransitive] howl (in/with something) to make a loud noise when you are angry, in pain, etc. or you find something funny:
We howled with laughter.

• snorted /ˈsnɔːtɪd/: [intransitive] to make a loud sound by breathing air out noisily through your nose, especially to show that you are angry or think something is silly
  snort with something: to snort with laughter
• snickered: cười khẩy /ˈsnɪkərd/ (also sniggered) [i] + (at somebody/something) to laugh in a quiet unpleasant way, especially at something rude or at somebody’s problems or mistakes
  Although his friends snickered, they were still impressed.
  -SYNONYM tittered /ˈtɪtərd/ [I] :to laugh quietly, especially in a nervous or embarrassed way
  There was an embarrassing pause on stage and the audience began to titter.

Answer 58

a

Question 59

6 Moved
-Bounced, [move with energy]: [intransitive] + adv./prep. (of a person) to move somewhere in a lively and cheerful way
He bounced across the room to greet them.

-danced, [intransitive] to move in a lively way
The children danced around her.
He was almost dancing for joy.
The sun shone on the sea and the waves danced and sparkled.
The words danced before her tired eyes.

-hopped,
1/[intransitive] (+ adv./prep.) (of a person) to move by jumping on one foot
I couldn’t put my weight on my ankle and had to hop everywhere.
kids hopping over puddles
He was hopping from foot to foot.
2/[intransitive] + adv./prep. (informal) to go or move somewhere quickly and suddenly, or to get into or out of a vehicle quickly:
Hop in, I’ll drive you home.
She hopped out of the car at the traffic lights.
to hop into/out of bed
I hopped on the next train.
We hopped over to Paris for the weekend.
3/[transitive] C2: hop a plane, bus, train, etc. (North American English) to get on a plane, bus, etc.
I hopped a plane for New York.
I dumped my bags at a motel and hopped a cab to the outskirts of town.

-jumped, (MOVE QUICKLY) [ I usually + adv/prep ]: to move suddenly or quickly:
A man jumped out of the bushes.
He suddenly jumped to his feet/jumped up and left.
She jumped in/into a taxi and rushed to the station.

-ran,[ move somewhere]
1/ [intransitive] + adv./prep. to move, especially quickly, in a particular direction
The car ran off the road into a ditch.
A shiver ran down my spine.
The sledge ran smoothly over the frozen snow.
The old tramlines are still there but now no trams run on them.
2/ [transitive] run something + adv./prep. to move something in a particular direction
She ran her fingers nervously through her hair.
I ran my eyes over the page.

-skipped, [move with jumps]
[intransitive] (+ adv./prep.) to move forwards lightly and quickly making a little jump with each step
She skipped happily along beside me.
Lambs were skipping about in the fields.

-crawled /krɔːld/
1. [ I ]:to move along on hands and knees or with your body stretched out along a surface:
The child crawled across the floor.
Megan has just learned to crawl.
The injured soldier crawled to safety.
He had to crawl along a ledge and get in through a window.
2/[ I ] to move or progress slowly or with difficulty:
The lorry crawled noisily up the hill.
There’s a lot of work to be done and we’re crawling along at a snail’s pace.

Question 60

7 Cried
-Bawled, /bɔːld/ [intransitive, transitive] to cry loudly, especially in an unpleasant and annoying way
A child was bawling in the next room.
He was bawling his eyes out (= crying very loudly).
+ speech ‘Mama, Mama!’ bawled a terrified toddler.

-blubbered, /ˈblʌbərd/ (UK informal blub/ blubbed /blʌbd/): verb [ I ] informal disapproving :to cry in a noisy way like a child:
There he sat, cowering against the wall, blubbering like a child.
Oh stop blubbing! Your knee can’t hurt that much.

-whimperED - /ˈwɪmpərd/[ intransitive, transitive]: to make low, weak crying noises; to speak in this way
The dog whimpered softly.
The child was lost and began to whimper.
+ speech ‘Don’t leave me alone,’ he whimpered.

-sobbed, /sɑːbd/ [intransitive] to cry noisily, taking sudden, sharp breaths
I heard a child sobbing loudly.
He started to sob uncontrollably.

-weep | wept, [ I or T ] literary: to cry tears:
[I] weep for/with something He wept for joy./ People in the street wept with joy when peace was announced.
weep at/over something I do not weep over his death.
weep to do something I wept to see him looking so sick.
[T] He wept tears of rage/joy when he heard the news.
UK She wept buckets (= cried a lot) when Paul left.