11/8 Flashcards
Break /damage/destroy
- shattered /ˈʃætəd/ [intransitive, transitive] to suddenly break into small pieces; to make something suddenly break into small pieces
shatter (into something) He dropped the vase and it shattered into pieces on the floor.
shatter something (into something) The explosion shattered all the windows in the building.
-tore (tear, tore /tɔːr/, torn /tɔːn/): [I, t]
tear something + adv./prep. I tore my jeans on the fence.
Careful—the fabric tears very easily.
SYN
- ripped /rɪpt/
-split (split, split): [t, i]
split something Don’t tell me you’ve split another pair of pants!
split something open He split the packet open and poured out a handful of peanuts.
-breached something /briːtʃt/ [T]
1/[break rules]The proposed changes breached trade union rules.
2/to make a hole in a wall, fence, etc. so that somebody/something can go through it
The dam had been breached.
Demonstrators breached police lines around the embassy.
- snapped /snæpt/ [transitive, intransitive] to break something suddenly with a sharp noise; to be broken in this way
snap something The wind had snapped the tree in two.
snap something off (something) He snapped a twig off a bush.
snap (off) Suddenly, the rope snapped. - smashed /smæʃt/: [transitive, intransitive] smash (something) to break something, or to be broken, violently and noisily into many pieces
Several windows had been smashed.
He smashed the radio to pieces.
The glass bowl smashed into a thousand pieces. - burst (burst, burst) /bɜːst/: [intransitive, transitive] to break open or apart, especially because of pressure from inside; to make something break in this way
burst apart There was a danger that the engine would burst apart.
burst something Don’t burst that balloon!
The river burst its banks and flooded nearby towns. - cracked /krækt/: [intransitive, transitive] to break without dividing into separate parts; to break something in this way
The ice cracked as I stepped onto it.
crack something He has cracked a bone in his arm. - crashed /kræʃt/ [intransitive, transitive] [hit hard/loud noise]: to hit something hard while moving, causing noise and/or damage; to make something hit somebody/something in this way
crash + adv./prep. A brick crashed through the window.
Thunder crashed overhead.
crash + adj. The door crashed open.
crash something + adj. She stormed out of the room and crashed the door shut behind her. - crushed /krʌʃt/ :[transitive] crush somebody/something to press something so hard that it is damaged or injured, or loses its shape
The car was completely crushed under the truck.
Several people were crushed to death in the accident.
a
[press with fingers/feet]
-Wrung: vắt /rʌŋ/: [T] wring something (out) to twist and squeeze wet clothes, etc. in order to get the water out of them
- crumpled: vò nhàu /ˈkrʌmpld/: [transitive, intransitive] crumple (something) (up) (into something) to press or crush something into folds; to become pressed, etc. into folds
She crumpled the letter up into a ball and threw it on the fire.
This material crumples very easily.
-pressed [I, t]: press something + adj. He pressed the lid firmly shut.
(+ adv./prep.) Press here to open.
She pressed down hard on the gas pedal.
- crushed /krʌʃt/: ép, nghiến [T] crush something to break something into small pieces or into a powder by pressing hard
Add two cloves of crushed garlic.
They crush the olives with a heavy wooden press.
- squashed /skwɒʃt/ [T]: nén, đè bẹp
squash something/somebody The tomatoes at the bottom of the bag had been squashed.
squash something against something He squashed his nose against the window.
squash something + adj. Squash your cans flat before recycling.
- squeezed /skwiːzd/: [transitive, intransitive] squeeze (something) to press something, especially with your fingers
to squeeze a tube of toothpaste
Just take hold of the tube and squeeze.
-pinched [transitive] pinch somebody/something/yourself to take a piece of somebody’s skin and press it together hard with your thumb and the finger next to it
My sister’s always pinching me and it really hurts.
He pinched the baby’s cheek playfully.
(figurative) She had to pinch herself to make sure she was not dreaming.
He pinched me sharply on the arm.
a
Cut
-chopped [T] /tʃɒpt/: to cut something into pieces with a sharp tool such as a knife
chop something He was chopping logs for firewood.
chop something (up) (into something) Chop the carrots up into small pieces.
- diced something [T] /daɪst/ to cut meat, vegetables, etc. into small square pieces
diced carrots
SYN cubed something [t] to cut food into cubes - [transitive] sliced something (up) to cut something into slices
to slice (up) onions
Slice the cucumber thinly.
-[transitive] minced /mɪnst/ (also grind (ground) )mince something to cut food, especially meat, into very small pieces using a special machine (called a mincer | meat grinder))
minced beef
-clipped /klɪpt/: xén, hớt, cắt ngắn lại (lông, tóc…)
to cut something with scissors or shears, in order to make it shorter or neater; to remove something from somewhere by cutting it off
clip something to clip a hedge
clip something from something/off (something) He clipped off a length of wire.
-Carved /kɑːvd/ [transitive, intransitive] to cut a large piece of cooked meat into smaller pieces for eating (using carving knife)
carve (something) | carve (somebody) something Who’s going to carve the turkey?
- trimmed /trɪmd/: tỉa, gọt
[T]: to cut away unnecessary parts from something
trim something (off something) Trim any excess fat off the meat.
I trimmed two centimetres off the hem of the skirt.
trim something away/off Trim away the lower leaves.
-severed /ˈsevəd/: cắt rời
[T] to cut something into two pieces; to cut something off something
sever something to sever a rope
a severed artery
sever something from something His hand was severed from his arm.
-HackED: Chém, chặt mạnh
1/hack verb (CUT) [ I or T, + adv/prep ]:to cut into pieces in a rough and violent way, often without aiming exactly:
hack somebody/something + adv./prep. I hacked the dead branches off.
They were hacked to death as they tried to escape.
We had to hack our way through the jungle.
+ adv./prep. We hacked away at the bushes.
2/[transitive] can/can’t hack it (informal) to be able/not able to manage in a particular situation
Lots of people leave this job because they can’t hack it.
3/[transitive] hack somebody/something + adv./prep. to kick something roughly or without control
He hacked the ball away.
-Kitchen utensil /juːˈten.səl/
Chopping board/block
Bread knife (serrated blade /səˈreɪ.t̬ɪd/)
Carving knife (handle, edge, point)
Cleaver /ˈkliː.vɚ/: a heavy knife with a large square blade: a meat cleaver
Lemon-squeezer/juicer
Lemon zester
Peeler
Colander /ˈkɑː.lən.dɚ/
Pepper mill
Potato masher
Nutcracker
Garlic press
Pestle & mortar (Chày cối)
kitchen scissors
a
House:
-gable roof: nhà mái chóp nhọn , attic, casement window: cửa sổ 2 cánh, eaves /ivz/ mái hiên, ridge/rɪdʒ/ nóc nhà, hanging basket, skylight, windowsill (also window ledge), bay window: cửa sổ lồi, windowpane: ô kính cửa sổ, windowbox: bồn hoa cửa sổ
–Walk-in pantry (a large walk-in closet with shelves or cabinets)
-cabinet /ˈkæb.ən.ət/ : convenient storage (mounted on a wall or built into the structure of a kitchen or bathroom, used to store a wide range of items, including dishes, cookware, glassware, and other kitchen utensils.)
-cupboard (used for storage purpose to display items stored)
-chimney pot /ˈtʃɪm.ni pɑːt/, chimney, dormer window: cửa mái, tile /taɪl/, gutter, fire escape stairs, sash windown /sæʃ/, conservatory /kənˈsɝː.və.tɔːr.i/, flowerpot, flower bed, French windows/doors (a pair of glass doors, usually opening from the back of a house into its garden), drainpipe, Exterior Shutter (Cửa chớp: chủ yếu để lấy ánh sáng cũng như lấy gió từ bên ngoài vào trong nhà)
-fire surround: viền quanh lò sưởi, mantelpiece /ˈmæn.təl.piːs/(US also mantel) : kệ lò sưởi (phần phía trên khung lò sưởi) , fireplace, hearth: nền lò sưởi, grate: vỉ lò sưởi, floorboards, rug, plant pot, houseplant (also pot plant), coaster, coffee table, footstool, radiator ( for heating rooms), recliner (recline), sofa/couch/settee /seˈtiː/, scatter cushion/throw pillow, throw, magazine rack, table lamp, ocassional table , ergonomic office chair
-Garden: wheelbarrow /ˈwiːlbærəʊ/(also barrow), lawnmover, grass strimmer /ˈstrɪmə(r)/, shovel, trowel /ˈtraʊəl/, fork, spade, rakes /reɪk/ (cào cỏ, làm đất), hoe /həʊ/ Cuốc; xới; giẫy (cỏ… ).;
Bird table/feeder ; Bird bath ;Hose; Planter ; Water butt/rain barrel ; Shed (1/lán, túp lều: để hàng hóa, dụng cụ; 2/chuồng: trâu, bò ngựa..) ; Sprinkler /ˈsprɪŋklər/; Greenhouse; Barbecue
- Beauty: nail clippers, nail file, nail brush, nail varnish/polish, nail scissors, tweezers (pluckED [T]), comb Vs. hair brush, box of tissues, cotton wool/cotton, flannel/washcloth, bubble bath, shower gel,(bath) sponge /spʌndʒ/, shaver | shaving gel, sponge/toiletry bag
-cleaning: broom, mop, duster, feather duster, dustpan and brush, vacuum cleaner, mop, rubber gloves, bucket, squeegee /ˈskwiːdʒiː/, slippers, drap, bath robe, laundry bag, Concierge /kəʊnˈsjerʒ/: Nhân viên phục vụ sảnh, Public Attendant: Nhân viên vệ sinh khu vực công cộng, Chambermaid: Nữ phục vụ phòng, Stairway: cầu thang bộ
-city: taxi rank/stand, parking meter, bollard /ˈbɒlɑːd/ cột chắn xe, kerb/curb: lề đường, busker
/ˈbʌskə(r)/: hát rong, high/main street, arcade /ɑːˈkeɪd/, railings, , statue /ˈstætʃuː/, street market (Vs. flea market=swap meet: sell second-hand goods)
–drinkware: cup and saucer, wine glass (stem): red/white wine, beer mug, champagne flute /fluːt/, tumbler, shot glass (shots of alcohol), rocks/lowball (spirits), cocktail glass, high ball (mixed drinks), snifter (brandy)
- distilled spirits (rượu chưng cất), there are just six base liquors: brandy, gin, rum, tequila, vodka, and whiskey.
- distilLED something [t] to make something such as a strong alcoholic drink in this way
The factory distils and bottles whisky.
a
-conspiracy noun /kənˈspɪrəsi/: a secret plan by a group of people to do something harmful or illegal
conspiracy (to do something) a conspiracy to overthrow the government
They were charged with conspiracy to murder.
conspiracy against somebody/something conspiracies against the president
a conspiracy of silence (= an agreement not to talk publicly about something that should be made public)
-conspiracy theory noun/kənˈspɪrəsi θɪri/: the belief that a secret but powerful organization is responsible for an event
They sought to account for the fatal crash in terms of a conspiracy theory.
A lot of people subscribe to the conspiracy theory.
-conspirator noun/kənˈspɪrətər/:a person who is involved in a conspiracy (= a secret plan to do something illegal)
political conspirators
The emperor pardoned five of the conspirators.
-fall
-Tumbled /ˈtʌmbld/ [ I ]: to fall or roll quickly and without control:
Rocks tumbled down the hill.
She lost her balance and tumbled into the mud.
-flopped /flɒpt/ [intransitive] + adv./prep. to fall, move or hang in a heavy way, without control
Her hair flopped over her eyes.
The fish were flopping around in the bottom of the boat.
- slipped /slɪpt/: [intransitive] to slide a short distance by accident so that you fall or nearly fall
She slipped and landed flat on her back.
slip on something He slipped on a bar of soap in the shower room.
slip over She slipped over on the ice and broke her leg. - skidded /ˈskɪdɪd/: (+ adv./prep.) (usually of a vehicle) to slide forward or to one side in a way that shows a loss of control
The taxi skidded to a halt just in time.( (=a vehicle stops very quickly and noisily – used for emphasis)
The car skidded on the ice and went straight into the wall.
She could feel they were skidding.
Her foot skidded on the wet floor and she fell heavily. - slumped /slʌmpt/ [intransitive] + adv./prep. to sit or fall down heavily
Exhausted, he slumped down in his chair.
She slumped to her knees.
-Dipped: [intransitive, transitive] to go downwards or to a lower level; to make something do this
(+ adv./prep.) The sun dipped below the horizon.
Sales for this quarter have dipped from 38.7 million to 33 million.
The road dipped suddenly as we approached the town.
[T] dip something (+ adv./prep.) The plane dipped its wings.
-stuck (stick)
1/[put] [transitive] stick something + adv./prep. (informal) to put something in a place, especially quickly or carelessly
Stick your bags down there.
He stuck his hands in his pockets and strolled off.
Can you stick this on the noticeboard?
2/become fixed
[intransitive] to become fixed in one position and impossible to move
SYNONYM jamned (stop moving/working [intransitive, transitive]: jam (up) The photocopier keeps jamming up. / jam something + adj. He jammed the door open with a piece of wood.)
This drawer keeps sticking.
stick in something The key has stuck in the lock.
-[phrasal verb] stick out (something): to reach beyond the surface or edge of something:
As I passed, he stuck out a leg and tried to trip me up.
They built the house on a little peninsula that sticks out into the lake.
He stuck his arm out to hail a cab.
Body
-wattle /ˈwɑː.t̬əl/: nọng mặt: They have wattles that jiggle when they laugh.
-crown of the head, forehead, bridge of the nose, temple, jaw /dʒɔː/, nape of the neck /neɪp/
-nose: nostril /ˈnɑːstrəl/; nasal ala /ˈneɪzl ˈeilə/; nasal bridge/ˈneɪzl/
-Groin /ɡrɔɪn/
-Leg: thigh /θaɪ/, calf /kɑːvz/, shin, instep, heel, sole, arch of the foot, ball of the foot, toenail, bigtoe
-navel /ˈneɪvl/,
-arm: armpit, forearm, elbow
-small of the back,
-Deodorant -noun [ C/U ] /diˈoʊ·də·rənt/: a substance that is used to prevent or hide unpleasant smells, esp. those of the body:
[ C/U ] Someone should tell him to use (a) deodorant.
-disinfectant /ˌdɪs.ɪnˈfek.t̬ənt/: a substance that contains chemicals that kill bacteria and is used esp. for cleaning surfaces in bathrooms and kitchens.: “all surfaces are cleaned manually or by pressure washer with disinfectant”
- sanitizer: a substance that contains chemicals that kill bacteria and is used esp. for cleaning surfaces in bathrooms and kitchens
- detergent: noun [ C or U ]: /dɪˈtɝː.dʒənt/: a chemical substance in the form of a powder or a liquid for removing dirt from clothes, dishes, etc.
-obesity, diabetes, bacterial infection
-Kidney disease => kidney/renal dialysis /ˌdaɪˈæləsɪs/; a dialysis machine
-affected/ unaffected = immune (n: immunity)
-disinfectED something [T] to clean something using a substance that kills bacteria
to disinfect a surface/room/wound
–body odour (US English body odor) noun /ˈbɑːdi əʊdər/ [uncountable] (abbreviation BO)
an unpleasant smell from a person’s body, especially of sweat
Nobody told her she had a body odour problem.
-odour [ COMPARE scent] noun /ˈəʊdər/ (US English odor) [countable, uncountable] (formal)a smell, especially one that is unpleasant
-a foul (ươn)/musty (mốc)/pungent (hăng/ˈpʌndʒənt/), etc. odour
-the stale (cũ, để lâu) odour of cigarette smoke
A
-be/stay/keep one jump ahead of sb: idiom: to do something before other people do it: The way to be successful in business is always to stay one jump ahead of your competitors.
-the nuts and bolts: the practical facts about a particular thing, rather than theories or ideas about it: When it came to the nuts and bolts of running a business, he was clearly unable to cope.
-at stake: If something that is valuable is at stake, it is in a situation where it might be lost:Thousands of lives will be at stake if emergency aid does not arrive in the city soon.
-cliché Vs stereotype: Both can limit our understanding of others and hinder meaningful communication and appreciation of individual differences.
- cliché – disapproving (also cliche) noun [ C or U ]/kliːˈʃeɪ/:
1/ overused expressions or ideas, clichés can become tiresome or unoriginal:
a cliché-ridden style
It has become a cliché to say that Prague is the most beautiful city in Europe.
Vs. stereotype (generalizations and assumptions about a particular group, stereotypes can perpetuate biases and reinforce prejudices.)
2/ something or someone that is not at all original, surprising, or interesting because it has very often been seen before:
The guitar-smashing rock star has become a cliché.
All of these games are set in a futuristic urban cliche where it is dark and raining.
-cliché (also clichéd) adjective/kliːˈʃeɪ/:often said, used, or done, and therefore not original and not interesting:
The city is like Disneyland. It sounds cliché, but it’s true.
The film opens with a cliché slow-motion shot of the men walking towards the camera.
-hinder [T]: to make it difficult for somebody to do something or for something to happen
SYNONYM hamper, obstruct, impede /ɪmˈpiːd/, inhibit /ɪnˈhɪbɪt/
hinder somebody/something a political situation that hinders economic growth/Some teachers felt hindered by a lack of resources.
hinder somebody/something from something/from doing something An injury was hindering him from playing his best.
-frame [T]: SYN: hatch, originate, conceive, put together, map out, work out, sketch out, dream up, draw up, think up, cook up:create or formulate (a concept, plan, or system):
“the staff have proved invaluable in framing the proposals”
Strike (struck)
1/ strike verb (HIT)
1.a/[ I/T ] to hit or physically attack someone or something:
[ T ] A car struck the man trying to cross a major highway.
[ T ] She was struck in the back of the head by a ball that was thrown across the field.
1.b [ I/T ]
If you strike a match, you cause it to burn by rubbing it against a rough surface.
2/(CAUSE HARM)[ I/T ] past participle stricken US/ˈstrɪk·ən/
to bring sudden harm, damage, or injury to a person or thing:
[ T ] It was a disease that struck mainly young people.
[ I ] Many public health officials fear that a similar flu virus will one day strike again.
[ T ] He was stricken with polio at the age of 13 and lost the use of his legs.
3/(CAUSE AN IDEA)
3.a/ [ T ] to cause someone to have a feeling or idea about something:
From what you’ve said, it strikes me that you would be better off working for someone else.
I was struck by her sincerity.
3.b/ [ T ] To strike also means to suddenly cause someone to think of something:
I was immediately struck by the similarities in their appearance.
4/(DISCOVER)[ T ]to discover something such as oil, gas, gold, etc., underground at a particular place:
to strike gold/oil
5/ (SHOW THE TIME) I/T to make a sound or a series of sounds that show the time:
[ T ] The clock struck midnight.
6/(AGREE)
6.a/[ T ]to agree to or achieve a solution:
My children and I have struck a deal – they can play any kind of music they want as long as I don’t hear it.
6.b/ [ T ]If you strike a balance between two things, you try to give an equal amount of attention or importance to each:
It’s a question of striking the right balance between quality and productivity.
weird somebody out [weirded]: (informal) to seem strange to somebody and make them feel worried or uncomfortable
The whole concept really weirds me out.
I have nothing to do and it weirds me out.
Engrossed [t] engross somebody if something engrosses you, it is so interesting that you give it all your attention and time
As the business grew, it totally engrossed him.
Jump-started (also jump) [T]
1/ to improve something such as an industry or economy more quickly by giving it extra help:
The new model is part of the company’s effort to jump-start its American sales, which declined in 2006.
Companies want lower interest rates to jump-start the nation’s weak economy.
2/ [mồi khởi động] If you jump-start a car, you start its engine by using wires [using jumper cable] to carry electric power from another car’s engine.
Scrapped
1/ [intransitive] (informal) to fight with somebody
The bigger boys started scrapping.
2/ [transitive, often passive] scrap something to cancel or get rid of something that is no longer practical or useful
They had been forced to scrap plans for a new school building.
The oldest of the aircraft were scrapped.
[informal] bust (bust | busted) [T]
1/ bust something to break something
I bust my camera.
The lights are busted.
Come out, or I’ll bust the door down!
2/ bust somebody/something (for something) (of the police) to suddenly enter a place and search it or arrest somebody
He’s been busted for drugs.
He was busted for drunk driving.
The cops busted the place frequently.
-glow stick
-Glowed [I]
1/ [intransitive] (especially of something hot or warm) to produce a steady light that is not very bright
glows in the dark.:The strap has a fluorescent coating that glows in the dark.
+ adj. A cigarette end glowed red in the darkness.
2/ [intransitive] (of a person’s body or face) to look or feel warm or pink, especially after exercise or because you are excited, embarrassed, etc.
Her cheeks were glowing./ His cheeks glowed after the workout.
glow with something His face glowed with embarrassment.
3/ to look attractive because you are happy or healthy, especially with eyes that are shining:
The children’s faces were glowing with excitement.
They came back from their week at the beach, glowing with health.
She was positively glowing with pride.
He gave her a warm glowing smile.
-mold (also mould) (SUBSTANCE) [ U ]: a soft, green or grey growth that develops on old food or on objects that have been left for too long in warm, wet air:
There was mould on the cheese.
-Mo(u)lded ( /ˈməʊldɪd/ ) [T]
1/ [ T ]to try to change or influence someone:
He kept trying to mould me into something he wanted me to be.
2/ [T] to make a soft substance have a particular shape:
This plastic is going to be moulded into plates.
The children moulded little pots out of/from (= made them by shaping) clay.
Fiddled /ˈfɪdld/:
1/ [intransitive] fiddle (with something) to keep touching or moving something with your hands, especially because you are bored or nervous
He was fiddling with his keys while he talked to me.
2/ [transitive] fiddle something (informal) to change the details or figures of something in order to try to get money dishonestly or gain an advantage
to fiddle the accounts
She fiddled the books (= changed a company’s financial records) while working as an accountant.
