13/7 Flashcards
(43 cards)
debrief somebody (on something) –v: to ask somebody questions officially, in order to get information about the task that they have just completed
He was taken to a US airbase to be debriefed on the mission.
debrief -n: a series of questions about a completed mission or undertaking.
“in the debrief, Gary gave his assessment of the trip and his performance”
debriefing noun /ˌdiːˈbriːfɪŋ/ [uncountable, countable]
the activity of asking somebody questions officially, in order to get information about the task that they have just completed
a debriefing session
After each mission, you get a debriefing.
Brief –v
to give somebody information about something so that they are prepared to deal with it
brief somebody I expect to be kept fully briefed at all times.
brief somebody on/about something The officer briefed her on what to expect.
Brief –n
1/(British English) the instructions that a person is given explaining what their job is and what their duties are
I was given the brief of reorganizing the department.
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
* clear
* detailed
* thorough
* …
verb + brief
* prepare
* produce
* write
* …
preposition
* in a/the brief
* outside somebody’s brief
* brief on
* …
phrases
* be part of somebody’s brief
* hold no brief for somebody/something
2/(also briefing British and North American English)
[countable, uncountable] the detailed instructions or information that are given at such a meeting
Officials are pushing for this target to be included in the next presidential brief.
a
Transcend sth: to be or go beyond the usual limits of something SYNONYM exceed
His works by far transcend anything that has gone before.
What we felt for each other transcended all other emotions.
Transcend is used with these nouns as the object:
* barrier
* confines
* division
* …
Huddle –n [C] /ˈhʌd.əl/; go/get into a huddle: to get into a group in order to talk secretly:
team/sales/pre|post-game/daily + huddle
huddle meeting
go in a huddble: The judges went into a huddle to decide the winner.
Huddle [I] + prep. : mainly US: to discuss something privately in a small group:
After huddling with advisors, the president gave a speech.
We spoke to Democratic lawmakers who are huddling on this issue on Capitol Hill tonight.
a
achieve - v [intransitive] to be successful
Their background gives them little chance of achieving at school./
These students need to achieve academically in order to enter the labour market.
-Overachieve verb [ I ] UK /ˌəʊvərəˈtʃiːv/ US OPP underachieve: to do more than is expected or be more successful than others:
Some of our programs will overachieve; some may fall short.
He is a graduate of a prestigious university, who likes to overachieve.
-Overachiever : Compare underachiever: noun [ C ] UK /ˌəʊvərəˈtʃiːvər/ US
a person who does more than they are expected to do or who is more successful than others:
She was a classic overachiever at college.
a
Accord: -n /əˈkɔːd/
-in accord (with something/somebody): (formal) in agreement with: This action would not be in accord with our policy.
- of your own accord: without being asked, forced or helped : she went of her own accord. No one asked her to go
Cling to/onto sth: to be unwilling to lose sth or stop doing sth: Throughout the trial she had clung to the belief that he was innocent./ he clung to Joe’s arm
Clingy: she’s so clingy, she never wants to be apart from her boy friend
a
Contemplate [T] –v /ˈkɑːntəmpleɪt/ SYN consider, think about/of
to spend time considering a possible future action, or to consider one particular thing for a long time in a serious and quiet way:
[ + -ing verb ] I’m contemplating going abroad for a year.
contemplate sth (future/decision/consequences/a course of action/idea or concept): They were contemplating a move to California.
It’s too awful/horrific/dangerous to contemplate.
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadverb
* seriously
* even
verb + contemplate
* be prepared to
* be willing to
* cannot
* …
phrases
* too awful to contemplate
* too horrible to contemplate
in contemplation – phrase: (formal) being considered: By 1613 even more desperate measures were in contemplation.
a
Stick with someone: stay close with someone so that they can help you: stick with me and I’ll make you a billionaire
Stick to something: continue doing sth: she finds it impossible to stick to a dief
-enact -v
1/enact something (formal) to put something into practice
This involves identifying problems and enacting solutions.
2/ often passive] (law) to pass a law
(be) enacted (by somebody/something) legislation enacted by parliament
-enactment noun /ɪˈnæktmənt/[uncountable, countable] (law): the process of a law becoming official; a law which has been made official
the enactment of environmental legislation
hinder –v: /ˈhɪndər/
1/to make it difficult for somebody to do something or for something to happen
SYNONYM hamper
hinder somebody/something a political situation that hinders economic growth
Some teachers felt hindered by a lack of resources.
hinder somebody/something from something/from doing something An injury was hindering him from playing his best.
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadverb
* greatly
* seriously
* severely
* …
verb + hinder
* be likely to
* tend to
phrases
* help or hinder something
* hinder rather than help something
rampant (inflation/corruption) – adj /ˈræmpənt/: SYNONYM unchecked, uncontrolled : (of something bad) existing or spreading everywhere in a way that cannot be controlled: Last month, the information ministry said videos with toxic content were rampant on TikTok, yet the platform does not actively prevent them
Defraud /dɪˈfrɔːd/ [intransitive, transitive]: to get money illegally from a person or an organization by tricking them
All three men were charged with conspiracy to defraud.
defraud somebody (of something) They were accused of defrauding the company of $14 000.
Oxford Collocations DictionaryDefraud is used with these nouns as the object:
* investor
* shareholder
* stockholder
* …
take a/the leap (at something)
1. To do something that is risky or uncertain but which has the potential to advance one’s position greatly.
I know it’s risky to start a business in a recession, but I don’t want to put off my dream any longer. I’m ready to take the leap!
2. To advance suddenly to a position of prominence or success.
The team added a number of star players in the off-season, so they may well take a leap in their division this year.
leap at something C2: to eagerly accept the chance to do or have something:
When I offered her the job, she leapt at it.
a
by-product : noun [ C ] /ˈbaɪˌprɒdʌkt/ PRODUCTION:
1/something that is produced as a result of making something else:
a by-product of sth Selenium is a by-product of copper refining.
oil/animal/chemical by-products
2/something not expected or not intended that happens as a result of something else:
a by-product of sth Higher than expected tax revenues were a by-product of the booming economy.
go halves - phrase informal: to divide the cost of something with someone: Shall we go halves on a bottle of champagne? /I’ll go halves with you on a bottle of champagne.
go hand in hand with something-idiom: If something goes hand in hand with something else, it is closely related to it and happens at the same time as it or as a result of it:: Prosperity goes hand in hand with investment.
Bring forth sth – phrasal verb: to cause something to happen or be seen or known: Maddie brought forth a new line of clothes.
be/get in with someone –idiom: to be or become popular or friendly with someone: He’s trying to get in with the teachers.
In one’s favor: to one’s benefit or advantage: The wind was in our favour.
get (something) off the ground – idiom: If a plan or activity gets off the ground or you get it off the ground, it starts or succeeds: A lot more money will be required to get this project off the ground.
Strike –n:
1/ go (out) / be on strike (also come/walk out on strike)
if a group of workers go on strike, they stop working because they are not satisfied with their pay, working conditions, etc.:
Around 160 staff are due to go on strike next week in a row over pay.
2/ call/take/lead sb out on strike
if a trade union or official organization calls, takes, or leads a group of workers out on strike, it announces that they are stopping working because they are not satisfied with their pay, working conditions, etc.:
The Police Federation has refused to take its members out on strike.
STRIKE –V
1/ strike a deal/agreement (with sb/sth) [ T ]: to agree to do business with another person or company:Takeover money has been deposited in a bank account, in expectation of striking a deal before tomorrow.
2/ strike a balance/the sweet spot (between sth and sth) [ T ]: to find a way to satisfy two opposing demands or needs: We have recruited younger members to the board in an effort to strike a balance between popular appeal and innovative experimentation.
3/ strike gold [ T ] informal: to do something that makes you very successful or rich, especially in a way that is unexpected:
After a slow start, the carmaker finally struck gold in the US.
4/ strike oil/gold [ T ] NATURAL RESOURCES: to find oil or gold under the surface of the earth:
The company announced it had struck oil at one of its wells in Siberia.
-Transcend [t]
to go beyond or rise above a limit, or be greater than something ordinary:
The group makes music that transcends traditional pop categories.
-Transcendent adjective formal
UK /trænˈsen.dənt/ US /trænˈsen.dənt/: greater, better, more important, or going past or above all others:
transcendent power/beauty/love
He describes seeing Pelé play football as one of the transcendent moments of his life.
“She, U.S. Secretary of Treasury Janet Yellen, underscored that Washington’s “friend-shoring” drive was not meant for “an exclusive club of countries. It is open and inclusive of advanced economies, emerging markets and developing countries alike.”
-offshoring Vs. onshoring => friend-shoring:
Just as offshoring means moving work overseas to where production costs are low (a company may choose to offshore its customer service operations to a country like India or the Philippines in order to take advantage of lower labor costs.)
Onshoring (domestic outsourcing) refers to outsourcing business process or part of it from another location inside the national borders. (onshore đâu phải dễ; sau nhiều năm đã quen với thị trường lao động giá rẻ, cần cù, ít đòi hỏi ở nước khác, nhiều doanh nghiệp mới thấy không dễ gì chuyển nhà máy trở về quê cũ vì tìm không ra nguồn nhân lực; chuỗi cung ứng vẫn phụ thuộc vào nhiều nơi khác)
friend-shoring means encouraging companies to shift manufacturing away from authoritarian states and toward allies.
-underscore: [T] to emphasize the importance something: The need for fire detectors in cargo bays was underscored by some accidents in the 1980s.
mean - v: intend somebody to be/do something
[often passive] to intend somebody to be or do something
-be meant for (someone) idiom: : perfectly suited for (someone): I’m not surprised that they have such a happy marriage. I always knew that they were meant for each other.
-be meant to do/be sth: If you say that something is meant to happen, you mean that it is expected to happen or that it ought to happen.: Parties are meant to be fun
-Drive –n
1/[effort]: [countable] SYN: campaign , battle ▪ struggle ▪ drive ▪ war ▪ fight : an organized effort by a group of people to achieve something
The company is launching a big recruitment drive.
drive for something a drive for greater efficiency
drive to do something the government’s drive to reduce energy consumption
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
* big
* relentless
* national
* …
verb + drive
* launch
* organize
* spearhead
* …
preposition
* drive against
* drive by
* drive for
* …
2/[desire/energy]: energy and determination to achieve things:
[ + to infinitive ] He has the drive to succeed.
Later on in life the sex drive tends to diminish.
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
* basic
* innate
* inner
* …
3/[ in/of vehicle]: [countable, uncountable] the equipment in a vehicle that takes power from the engine to the wheels
the drive shaft
a car with four-wheel drive
a left-/right-hand drive car (= a car where the driver and the controls are on the left/right)
4/[outside house]: also driveway) [countable] a wide hard path or a private road that leads from the street to a house
in/on the drive There were two cars parked in the drive.
-Drive - v
1/ drive something [transitive] to influence something or cause it to make progress:
This is the main factor driving investment in the area.
A key factor driving growth was the launch of convenient products.
2/ [make sb do sth]
2.a/ drive somebody to (do) something [transitive] to make somebody very angry, crazy, etc. or to make them do something extreme
drive somebody + adj. to drive somebody crazy/mad/nuts/insane
drive somebody to do something Hunger drove her to steal.
drive somebody to something Those kids are driving me to despair.
2.b/ be driven by something : [transitive] to force somebody to act in a particular way:
He was driven by the desire to understand how things work.
He was driven (= His actions were caused) by greed.
The work is driven by the need for information sharing.
3/[provide power] to provide the power to keep a machine working, or to make something happen:
The engine drives the wheels.
Water drives the turbines that produce electricity.
4/ driving under the influence (DUI)/ driving while intoxicated (DWI): the crime of operating a motor vehicle while being affected by alcohol or other drugs: Driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol can be a serious offence.
5/ drive someone wild -informal:to make you very excited, especially sexually: When he runs his fingers through my hair, it drives me wild!
drive off- phrasal verb : to leave in a car: I got in the car and drove off.
be driving at something mainly UK: If you ask someone what they are driving at, you ask that person what they really mean: I don’t see what you’re driving at.
be in the driving seat- idiom UK (US be in the driver’s seat): to be in charge or in control of a situation
drive a hard bargain - idiom informal: to expect a lot in exchange for what you pay or do: He drives a hard bargain, but we finally made a deal
economy drive -noun [ C usually singular ]: an attempt to save money by spending as little as possible:I don’t think we’ll be going anywhere expensive - Guy’s on an economy drive.
sales drive -noun [ C ] COMMERCE, MARKETING: a special effort to sell more of a product or service, for example by increasing advertising: Their main sales drive is through a growing network of specialist outdoor sports shops.
test drive:
a
(throw a) Lifeline [U]: something, especially a way of getting help, that you depend on to lead your life in a satisfactory way:
For many old people living on their own the phone is their lifeline to the outside world./ The government is going to throw a lifeline to the troubled motor industry.
Airplanes are this Alaskan town’s lifeline.
Throw (someone/something) a lifeline” = ném dây cứu sinh -> giúp đỡ hoặc đưa ra phương pháp giải quyết khó khăn, nguy hiểm cận kề. : As we head into the next downturn (thời kỳ suy thoái tiếp theo), whenever it happens, tens of millions of American families are hanging on the edge (trên bờ vực) of economic oblivion (lãng quên kinh tế). Thanks to the Trump tax cut (cắt giảm thuế), their government will be too much in debt (nợ quá nhiều) to throw them a lifeline.
a
Just as-idiom:
1/in the same way as: Just as I thought/suspected, the door is locked.
2/ to an equal degree as: Our house is just as nice as theirs.
Just about: nearly, almost: the work is just about done
more or less: SYN or so, more or less, roughly, approximately: It’s 500 kilos, more or less.
autism spectrum disorder
on the spectrum - idiom: affected by autism: Children on the spectrum may have trouble communicating and socializing.
-bootstrap (something) to create something using the minimum amount of resources possible
We have bootstrapped the business using our own funds so far.
Entrepreneurs who bootstrap are self-sustaining, using little to no money to start their businesses.
- bootstrap –n (often used in compounds)
an approach to creating something that uses the minimum amount of resources possible
In classic bootstrap fashion, Fred invested his personal savings and convinced friends to work for him for free.
cite verb [T] (GIVE EXAMPLE): SYN mention, refer to somebody/something ▪ speak ▪ cite ▪ quote: to mention something as proof for a theory or as a reason why something has happened:
She cited three reasons why people get into debt.
+ as evidence that…: The company cited a 13 percent decline in new orders as evidence that overall demand for its products was falling.
revolve around someone/something: phrasal verb -to have someone or something as the main or most important interest or subject:
The conversation revolved around childcare problems.
