7/6 Flashcards

1
Q

insurance policy noun [ C ] [INSURANCE]
a document stating the agreement between an insurance company and a person or company that has arranged insurance with it:
take out/apply for/have an insurance policy To make sure that your employer can pay the compensation, they must take out an insurance policy.
a travel/accident/ household/life insurance policy

household [C] : all the people living together in a house or flat
head of household: families with a male/female head of household
a one-parent = single-parent | two-parent | household
young people from low-income households
Household incomes have remained stagnant. / Who does most of the household chores?

nuclear family noun [ C ] SOCIAL SCIENCE specialized: a family consisting of two parents and their children, but not including aunts, uncles, grandparents, etc.
We average fewer than two children per nuclear family.

extended family noun [ C usually singular, + sing/pl verb ]
a family unit that includes grandmothers, grandfathers, aunts, and uncles, etc. in addition to parents and children
The extended family structure is no longer as strong as it once was. (once adverb (PAST): in the past, but not now)

A

insurance policy noun [ C ] [INSURANCE]
a document stating the agreement between an insurance company and a person or company that has arranged insurance with it:
take out/apply for/have an insurance policy To make sure that your employer can pay the compensation, they must take out an insurance policy.
a travel/accident/ household/life insurance policy

household [C] : all the people living together in a house or flat
head of household: families with a male/female head of household
a one-parent = single-parent | two-parent | household
young people from low-income households
Household incomes have remained stagnant. / Who does most of the household chores?

nuclear family noun [ C ] SOCIAL SCIENCE specialized: a family consisting of two parents and their children, but not including aunts, uncles, grandparents, etc.
We average fewer than two children per nuclear family.

extended family noun [ C usually singular, + sing/pl verb ]
a family unit that includes grandmothers, grandfathers, aunts, and uncles, etc. in addition to parents and children
The extended family structure is no longer as strong as it once was. (once adverb (PAST): in the past, but not now)

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2
Q

seek out phrasal verb
seek somebody/something out
to look for and find somebody/something, especially when this involves using a lot of effort
He admired her ability to seek out bargains.

Seek:
1/[transitive, intransitive] to look for something/somebody
[T] seek something/somebody Drivers are advised to seek alternative routes.
[I] (British English) : seek for something/somebody :They sought in vain for somewhere to shelter. (in vain –phrase: without success or a result.)
Police are not seeking anyone else in connection with the deaths.
2/ [transitive] to ask somebody for something; to try to obtain or achieve something
seek something: I think it’s time we sought legal advice./ We need to seek approval from the local council.
seek something from somebody She managed to calm him down and seek help from a neighbour.
(British English) [I]: seek for something/somebody : They came seeking for the truth.
3. [intransitive] seek to do something to try to do something: SYNONYM attempt
He sought to establish himself as a writer.
They quickly sought to distance themselves from the protesters.
4/ -seeking (in adjectives and nouns): looking for or trying to get the thing mentioned; the activity of doing this
attention-seeking behavior: The attention-seeking behavior earns him another week in my showbiz sin bin ( “showbiz sin bin” refers to a place where people who have behaved badly are placed as a kind of punishment: In this context, it suggests that the speaker has some kind of power or authority over the person they are referring to and has decided to punish them by keeping them out of the public eye for a week.)
Voluntary work can provide a framework for job-seeking.

in vain: without success or a result.
“they waited in vain for a response”

A

seek out phrasal verb
seek somebody/something out
to look for and find somebody/something, especially when this involves using a lot of effort
He admired her ability to seek out bargains.

Seek:
1/[transitive, intransitive] to look for something/somebody
[T] seek something/somebody Drivers are advised to seek alternative routes.
[I] (British English) : seek for something/somebody :They sought in vain for somewhere to shelter. (in vain –phrase: without success or a result.)
Police are not seeking anyone else in connection with the deaths.
2/ [transitive] to ask somebody for something; to try to obtain or achieve something
seek something: I think it’s time we sought legal advice./ We need to seek approval from the local council.
seek something from somebody She managed to calm him down and seek help from a neighbour.
(British English) [I]: seek for something/somebody : They came seeking for the truth.
3. [intransitive] seek to do something to try to do something: SYNONYM attempt
He sought to establish himself as a writer.
They quickly sought to distance themselves from the protesters.
4/ -seeking (in adjectives and nouns): looking for or trying to get the thing mentioned; the activity of doing this
attention-seeking behavior: The attention-seeking behavior earns him another week in my showbiz sin bin ( “showbiz sin bin” refers to a place where people who have behaved badly are placed as a kind of punishment: In this context, it suggests that the speaker has some kind of power or authority over the person they are referring to and has decided to punish them by keeping them out of the public eye for a week.)
Voluntary work can provide a framework for job-seeking.

in vain: without success or a result.
“they waited in vain for a response”

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3
Q

Effect - noun
1/ (RESULT)[ C/U ]: the result of a particular influence; something that happens because of something else:
[ C ] effect of doing something: the medicine had the effect of making me sleepy.
What are the long-term effects of this treatment?/
[ U ] effect on somebody/something :The new management actually has not had much effect on us.

Idioms:
2/ be in effect: to be active or being used:
At that time a total ban on financial transactions was in effect.
3/ come into effect (also take effect): to start working or being used:
On April 1 new sales taxes will come into effect.
The new credit regulations will take effect next year.
4/ with immediate effect/with effect from: used to describe a change that happens immediately or from a particular date:
She was appointed chief executive with immediate effect.
The company has announced the appointment of 13 new partners, with effect from 1 July 2012.
5/ effects [ plural ] LAW
a person’s possessions:
After his death, an inventory was taken of his effects.
Company relocation policies may cover the cost of insuring personal effects in transit.
5.a. [MOVIE] effects [ plural ] (also special effects):lighting, sounds, and objects that are specially produced for the stage or a film and are intended to make something that does not exist seem real:
This is a movie worth seeing for its effects alone.
6/ put/bring sth into effect:to start using something or making it work:
The aim is to develop new management strategies and put them into effect.
7/ in effect
in fact, or in practice:
The ruling meant that, in effect, the company was allowed to continue to do business as usual.
8/ take effect: to produce or achieve the results you want:
They had to wait ten minutes for the anaesthetic to take effect before they stitched up the cut.
9/ for effect: If you say or do something for effect, you intentionally do it to shock people or attract their attention:
I get the impression that she uses bad language in meetings for effect.

A

Effect - noun
1/ (RESULT)[ C/U ]: the result of a particular influence; something that happens because of something else:
[ C ] effect of doing something: the medicine had the effect of making me sleepy.
What are the long-term effects of this treatment?/
[ U ] effect on somebody/something :The new management actually has not had much effect on us.

Idioms:
2/ be in effect: to be active or being used:
At that time a total ban on financial transactions was in effect.
3/ come into effect (also take effect): to start working or being used:
On April 1 new sales taxes will come into effect.
The new credit regulations will take effect next year.
4/ with immediate effect/with effect from: used to describe a change that happens immediately or from a particular date:
She was appointed chief executive with immediate effect.
The company has announced the appointment of 13 new partners, with effect from 1 July 2012.
5/ effects [ plural ] LAW
a person’s possessions:
After his death, an inventory was taken of his effects.
Company relocation policies may cover the cost of insuring personal effects in transit.
5.a. [MOVIE] effects [ plural ] (also special effects):lighting, sounds, and objects that are specially produced for the stage or a film and are intended to make something that does not exist seem real:
This is a movie worth seeing for its effects alone.
6/ put/bring sth into effect:to start using something or making it work:
The aim is to develop new management strategies and put them into effect.
7/ in effect
in fact, or in practice:
The ruling meant that, in effect, the company was allowed to continue to do business as usual.
8/ take effect: to produce or achieve the results you want:
They had to wait ten minutes for the anaesthetic to take effect before they stitched up the cut.
9/ for effect: If you say or do something for effect, you intentionally do it to shock people or attract their attention:
I get the impression that she uses bad language in meetings for effect.

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4
Q

Taste
1/[of food/drink] [C,U] the particular quality that different foods and drinks have that allows you to recognize them when you put them in your mouth
[C] refers to specific flavors or sensations that can be counted.
The restaurant offers a variety of different tastes and flavors on its menu.
[U] refers to a sensation or quality that cannot be counted as individual units:
The soup needs more seasoning to improve the taste.
2/ [sense] [uncountable] the sense you have that allows you to recognize different foods and drinks when you put them in your mouth
I’ve lost my sense of taste.
3/ small quantity
[countable, usually singular] a small quantity of food or drink that you try in order to see what it is like
Just have a taste of this cheese.
Do you want a taste?
4. short experience
[singular] a short experience of something
This was my first taste of live theatre.
5. ability to choose well [uncountable]: taste in something He has very good taste in music. /The room was furnished with taste.
6. [what you like] [countable, uncountable] the kind of things that someone likes
[C] refers to a specific preference or liking that can be counted. In this case, “taste” refers to the person’s individual preferences for different genres or styles of music.
taste in: He asked about my taste in music.
[U] refers to a quality or preference that cannot be counted as individual units. In this case, “taste” refers to the liking or appreciation for fine wines that the woman developed while she was in France.
taste for: While she was in France she developed a taste for fine wines.

improvement
1/[uncountable] the act of making something better; the process of something becoming better
We expect to see further improvement over the coming year.
Sales figures continue to show signs of improvement.
improvement in something: There is a need for continuous improvement in performance.
room for improvement : I think there is room for improvement in any organization.
2/ [countable] a change in something that makes it better; something that is better than it was before
a significant/dramatic improvement : The new factory brought a huge improvement in working conditions.
improvement in something There has been a marked improvement in the quality of teaching.
improvement to something We have made some mechanical improvements to the car.
improvement on something This is a great improvement on your previous work.
improvement over something The results are certainly an improvement over last year.

savour verb /ˈseɪvə(r)/ (US English savor)
1/savour something to enjoy the full taste of something, especially by eating or drinking it slowly SYNONYM relish
He ate his meal slowly, savouring every mouthful.
She savoured the smell of freshly-made coffee.
2/ savour something to enjoy a feeling or an experience completely
SYNONYM relish
I wanted to savour every moment.
He sat for a few moments, savouring the memory to the full.
an opportunity to savour the delights of snowboarding

delight
1/ [FEELING] [uncountable, singular] a feeling of great pleasure SYNONYM joy
a feeling of sheer/pure delight
with delight The children squealed with delight when they saw the puppy.
to the delight of somebody | to somebody’s delight She won the game easily, to the delight of all her fans.
delight in (doing) something He takes (great) delight in (= enjoys) proving others wrong.
delight at (doing) something He expressed his delight at seeing us all again.
2/ [THING] [countable] something that gives you great pleasure
SYNONYM joy
This guitar is a delight to play.
Sample the culinary delights of Morocco.
delight of doing something the delights of living in the country

A

Taste
1/[of food/drink] [C,U] the particular quality that different foods and drinks have that allows you to recognize them when you put them in your mouth
[C] refers to specific flavors or sensations that can be counted.
The restaurant offers a variety of different tastes and flavors on its menu.
[U] refers to a sensation or quality that cannot be counted as individual units:
The soup needs more seasoning to improve the taste.
2/ [sense] [uncountable] the sense you have that allows you to recognize different foods and drinks when you put them in your mouth
I’ve lost my sense of taste.
3/ small quantity
[countable, usually singular] a small quantity of food or drink that you try in order to see what it is like
Just have a taste of this cheese.
Do you want a taste?
4. short experience
[singular] a short experience of something
This was my first taste of live theatre.
5. ability to choose well [uncountable]: taste in something He has very good taste in music. /The room was furnished with taste.
6. [what you like] [countable, uncountable] the kind of things that someone likes
[C] refers to a specific preference or liking that can be counted. In this case, “taste” refers to the person’s individual preferences for different genres or styles of music.
taste in: He asked about my taste in music.
[U] refers to a quality or preference that cannot be counted as individual units. In this case, “taste” refers to the liking or appreciation for fine wines that the woman developed while she was in France.
taste for: While she was in France she developed a taste for fine wines.

improvement
1/[uncountable] the act of making something better; the process of something becoming better
We expect to see further improvement over the coming year.
Sales figures continue to show signs of improvement.
improvement in something: There is a need for continuous improvement in performance.
room for improvement : I think there is room for improvement in any organization.
2/ [countable] a change in something that makes it better; something that is better than it was before
a significant/dramatic improvement : The new factory brought a huge improvement in working conditions.
improvement in something There has been a marked improvement in the quality of teaching.
improvement to something We have made some mechanical improvements to the car.
improvement on something This is a great improvement on your previous work.
improvement over something The results are certainly an improvement over last year.

savour verb /ˈseɪvə(r)/ (US English savor)
1/savour something to enjoy the full taste of something, especially by eating or drinking it slowly SYNONYM relish
He ate his meal slowly, savouring every mouthful.
She savoured the smell of freshly-made coffee.
2/ savour something to enjoy a feeling or an experience completely
SYNONYM relish
I wanted to savour every moment.
He sat for a few moments, savouring the memory to the full.
an opportunity to savour the delights of snowboarding

delight
1/ [FEELING] [uncountable, singular] a feeling of great pleasure SYNONYM joy
a feeling of sheer/pure delight
with delight The children squealed with delight when they saw the puppy.
to the delight of somebody | to somebody’s delight She won the game easily, to the delight of all her fans.
delight in (doing) something He takes (great) delight in (= enjoys) proving others wrong.
delight at (doing) something He expressed his delight at seeing us all again.
2/ [THING] [countable] something that gives you great pleasure
SYNONYM joy
This guitar is a delight to play.
Sample the culinary delights of Morocco.
delight of doing something the delights of living in the country

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5
Q

Thought
1/ something you think [countable]
thought about something He shared his thoughts about the future of technology.
thought of somebody/something (doing something) I don’t like the thought of you walking home alone.
2/ mind/ideas - thoughts [plural] a person’s mind and all the ideas that they have in it when they are thinking
This is the time of year when our thoughts turn to summer holidays.
in somebody’s thoughts You are always in my thoughts.
3/ process/act of thinking [uncountable] the act of thinking seriously and carefully about something
SYNONYM consideration
I’ve given the matter careful thought.
We need to put some thought into how to solve this problem.
Not enough thought has gone into this essay.
without thought They had acted rashly, without thought.
4/ care/worry - [countable] thought (for somebody/something) a feeling of care or worry
Spare a thought for those without enough to eat this winter.
Don’t give it another thought (= to tell somebody not to worry after they have said they are sorry).
It’s the thought that counts (= used to say that somebody has been very kind even if they have only done or given something small or unimportant).
5/intention: [uncountable, countable] an intention or a hope of doing something
thought (of doing something) She had given up all thought of changing her job.
thought (of something) He acted with no thoughts of personal gain.

attempt
[countable] an act of trying to do something, especially something difficult, often with no success
[C]: They were frustrated in their attempts to get an explanation./ He has failed in three previous attempts to win the world title.
[C]: I passed my driving test at the first attempt.

Impact [, uncountable]: the powerful effect that something has on somebody/something
[U] to reduce/minimize/assess the impact of sth on sb/sth: The report assesses the impact of the disease on mortality and population growth.| to have/make an impact | a positive/a negative/an adverse impact | a significant/major/huge impact: The new policy had a positive impact on employee morale.”

Need
1/[singular, uncountable] a situation when something is necessary or must be done
[C] to satisfy/meet/fulfil a need: The new park will meet the community’s need for more green space and recreational activities.
[U]
need for something There is an urgent need for qualified teachers.
need for somebody/something to do something There is no need for you to get up early tomorrow.
need to do something There’s no need to cry (= stop crying).
in need of something The house is in need of a thorough clean.
2/ [countable, uncountable] a strong feeling that you want somebody/something or must have something
[c] It’s difficult to express our needs and desires.
[u] need to do something She felt the need to talk to someone.
[u] in need of somebody/something I’m in need of some fresh air.
3/ [countable, usually plural] the things that somebody requires in order to live in a comfortable way or achieve what they want
First we will assess your financial needs.
Food, clothing and shelter are basic human needs.
We try to balance the needs of all our customers.
4/ [uncountable] the state of not having enough food, money or support
SYNONYM hardship
in need The charity aims to provide assistance to people in need.
These children are in dire need.
He helped me in my hour of need (= at the time when I really needed help).

A

Thought
1/ something you think [countable]
thought about something He shared his thoughts about the future of technology.
thought of somebody/something (doing something) I don’t like the thought of you walking home alone.
2/ mind/ideas - thoughts [plural] a person’s mind and all the ideas that they have in it when they are thinking
This is the time of year when our thoughts turn to summer holidays.
in somebody’s thoughts You are always in my thoughts.
3/ process/act of thinking [uncountable] the act of thinking seriously and carefully about something
SYNONYM consideration
I’ve given the matter careful thought.
We need to put some thought into how to solve this problem.
Not enough thought has gone into this essay.
without thought They had acted rashly, without thought.
4/ care/worry - [countable] thought (for somebody/something) a feeling of care or worry
Spare a thought for those without enough to eat this winter.
Don’t give it another thought (= to tell somebody not to worry after they have said they are sorry).
It’s the thought that counts (= used to say that somebody has been very kind even if they have only done or given something small or unimportant).
5/intention: [uncountable, countable] an intention or a hope of doing something
thought (of doing something) She had given up all thought of changing her job.
thought (of something) He acted with no thoughts of personal gain.

attempt
[countable] an act of trying to do something, especially something difficult, often with no success
[C]: They were frustrated in their attempts to get an explanation./ He has failed in three previous attempts to win the world title.
[C]: I passed my driving test at the first attempt.

Impact [, uncountable]: the powerful effect that something has on somebody/something
[U] to reduce/minimize/assess the impact of sth on sb/sth: The report assesses the impact of the disease on mortality and population growth.| to have/make an impact | a positive/a negative/an adverse impact | a significant/major/huge impact: The new policy had a positive impact on employee morale.”

Need
1/[singular, uncountable] a situation when something is necessary or must be done
[C] to satisfy/meet/fulfil a need: The new park will meet the community’s need for more green space and recreational activities.
[U]
need for something There is an urgent need for qualified teachers.
need for somebody/something to do something There is no need for you to get up early tomorrow.
need to do something There’s no need to cry (= stop crying).
in need of something The house is in need of a thorough clean.
2/ [countable, uncountable] a strong feeling that you want somebody/something or must have something
[c] It’s difficult to express our needs and desires.
[u] need to do something She felt the need to talk to someone.
[u] in need of somebody/something I’m in need of some fresh air.
3/ [countable, usually plural] the things that somebody requires in order to live in a comfortable way or achieve what they want
First we will assess your financial needs.
Food, clothing and shelter are basic human needs.
We try to balance the needs of all our customers.
4/ [uncountable] the state of not having enough food, money or support
SYNONYM hardship
in need The charity aims to provide assistance to people in need.
These children are in dire need.
He helped me in my hour of need (= at the time when I really needed help).

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6
Q

Sale:
1/SINGULAR NOUN The sale of goods is the act of selling them for money.
Efforts were made to limit the sale of sugary drinks. [+ of]
…a proposed manufacturing sale to India. [+ to]
He decided to move house and set about trying to make a sale
She gets 10 per cent commission on each sale.
They charge a fee of 3 to 5 per cent of the sale price .
We gave them our sales pitch (= our explanation of why they should buy something).
2/PLURAL NOUN B2
The sales of a product are the quantity of it that is sold.
The newspaper has sales of 1.72 million. [+ of]
…the huge Christmas sales of computer games.
the sales figures for May
sales are up/down Online sales were up by 12 per cent.
The company has seen record sales over the past year.
ticket/car sales: Retail sales fell in November by 10 per cent.
3/PLURAL NOUN B2
The part of a company that deals with sales deals with selling the company’s products.
Until 1983 he worked in sales and marketing.
He’s a sales manager for a hotel group.
The Weldon Group has a 6 000 strong sales force.
4/COUNTABLE NOUN B1+
A sale is an occasion when a shop sells things at less than their normal price.
in a sale..:..a pair of jeans bought half-price in a sale.
the January sales: Many stores have started their January sales a month early.
sale on something a half-price sale on all bed linen
The airline is selling one third of all its seats at the sale price.
5/COUNTABLE NOUN
A sale is an event when goods are sold to the person who offers the highest price.
The painting was bought by dealers at the Christie’s sale.
a contemporary art sale
a major sale of paintings

A

Sale:
1/SINGULAR NOUN The sale of goods is the act of selling them for money.
Efforts were made to limit the sale of sugary drinks. [+ of]
…a proposed manufacturing sale to India. [+ to]
He decided to move house and set about trying to make a sale
She gets 10 per cent commission on each sale.
They charge a fee of 3 to 5 per cent of the sale price .
We gave them our sales pitch (= our explanation of why they should buy something).
2/PLURAL NOUN B2
The sales of a product are the quantity of it that is sold.
The newspaper has sales of 1.72 million. [+ of]
…the huge Christmas sales of computer games.
the sales figures for May
sales are up/down Online sales were up by 12 per cent.
The company has seen record sales over the past year.
ticket/car sales: Retail sales fell in November by 10 per cent.
3/PLURAL NOUN B2
The part of a company that deals with sales deals with selling the company’s products.
Until 1983 he worked in sales and marketing.
He’s a sales manager for a hotel group.
The Weldon Group has a 6 000 strong sales force.
4/COUNTABLE NOUN B1+
A sale is an occasion when a shop sells things at less than their normal price.
in a sale..:..a pair of jeans bought half-price in a sale.
the January sales: Many stores have started their January sales a month early.
sale on something a half-price sale on all bed linen
The airline is selling one third of all its seats at the sale price.
5/COUNTABLE NOUN
A sale is an event when goods are sold to the person who offers the highest price.
The painting was bought by dealers at the Christie’s sale.
a contemporary art sale
a major sale of paintings

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7
Q

Culture
1/ [in a society] way of life
1.a/[uncountable] the customs and beliefs, art, way of life and social organization of a particular country or group
African/American/European/Islamic culture
the study of Japanese language and culture
Cooking is a hugely important part of French culture.
1.b/ [countable] the customs, beliefs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of different ethnic, national, or religious groups.
The children are taught to respect different cultures.
the effect of technology on traditional cultures
2/ [in a group] beliefs/attitudes: [countable, uncountable] the beliefs and attitudes about something that people in a particular group or organization share
2.a / [C] to refer to different types or instances of cultures in different government departments.
The political cultures of the United States and Europe are very different./ Every government department has its own particular culture.
2.b/ [u] : It represents a quality or a characteristic that exists within an organization or industry.
culture of something She believes the media have created a culture of fear.
corporate/business/company culture: Changing the corporate culture is a long and difficult process.
We are living in a consumer culture.
3/ art/music/literature
[uncountable] art, music, literature, etc., thought of as a group
Venice is a beautiful city, full of culture and history.

Belief
1/ [uncountable] a strong feeling that something/somebody exists or is true; confidence that something/somebody is good or right
One’s belief in something/somebody: I admire his passionate belief in what he is doing.
The incident has shaken my belief (= made me have less confidence) in the police.
2/ [singular, uncountable]
2.a/
[S] an opinion about something;
a belief that… There is a general belief that things will soon get better.
[U] something that you think is true
in the belief that… She acted in the belief that she was doing good.
3/ [countable, usually plural] something that you believe, especially as part of your religion
religious/political beliefs
A society should be judged on its beliefs and values.
belief about something Some people hold beliefs about the world that are not supported by science.

attitude noun
[countable] the way that you think and feel about somebody/something; the way that you behave towards somebody/something that shows how you think and feel
to have a positive/negative attitude towards somebody/something
attitude to somebody/something: changes in public attitudes to marriage
attitude about something: social attitudes about education
attitude on something: changing attitudes on issues such as gay marriage

A

Culture
1/ [in a society] way of life
1.a/[uncountable] the customs and beliefs, art, way of life and social organization of a particular country or group
African/American/European/Islamic culture
the study of Japanese language and culture
Cooking is a hugely important part of French culture.
1.b/ [countable] the customs, beliefs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of different ethnic, national, or religious groups.
The children are taught to respect different cultures.
the effect of technology on traditional cultures
2/ [in a group] beliefs/attitudes: [countable, uncountable] the beliefs and attitudes about something that people in a particular group or organization share
2.a / [C] to refer to different types or instances of cultures in different government departments.
The political cultures of the United States and Europe are very different./ Every government department has its own particular culture.
2.b/ [u] : It represents a quality or a characteristic that exists within an organization or industry.
culture of something She believes the media have created a culture of fear.
corporate/business/company culture: Changing the corporate culture is a long and difficult process.
We are living in a consumer culture.
3/ art/music/literature
[uncountable] art, music, literature, etc., thought of as a group
Venice is a beautiful city, full of culture and history.

Belief
1/ [uncountable] a strong feeling that something/somebody exists or is true; confidence that something/somebody is good or right
One’s belief in something/somebody: I admire his passionate belief in what he is doing.
The incident has shaken my belief (= made me have less confidence) in the police.
2/ [singular, uncountable]
2.a/
[S] an opinion about something;
a belief that… There is a general belief that things will soon get better.
[U] something that you think is true
in the belief that… She acted in the belief that she was doing good.
3/ [countable, usually plural] something that you believe, especially as part of your religion
religious/political beliefs
A society should be judged on its beliefs and values.
belief about something Some people hold beliefs about the world that are not supported by science.

attitude noun
[countable] the way that you think and feel about somebody/something; the way that you behave towards somebody/something that shows how you think and feel
to have a positive/negative attitude towards somebody/something
attitude to somebody/something: changes in public attitudes to marriage
attitude about something: social attitudes about education
attitude on something: changing attitudes on issues such as gay marriage

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8
Q

The conflict
1/ [C] [U] TOPICS Opinion and argument
[U] a general state of disagreement
in conflict (with somebody): normal kids who are in conflict with their parents
come into conflict with sb :John often comes into conflict with his boss.
conflict within something: The terms of the will became a source of conflict within the family.
She has received training in conflict resolution.
[C] a specific instance of disagreement or argument
political/social/industrial conflict: the threat of industrial conflict in the coalfields / Marx points out the potential conflicts below the surface of society.
conflict over: conflicts over wage settlements
conflict between: the conflict between tradition and innovation
2/ [C] [U] TOPICS War and conflict, Politics
[C] a violent situation:
armed/military/violent conflict: For years the region has been torn apart by armed conflicts./ UN troops intervened to avert a threat of violent conflict.
[U] period of fighting between two countries
internal conflict : The country has experienced internal conflict over the last decade.
ending the conflict : Hopes of ending the conflict in the region are fading.
solution to the conflict : international efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict
3/ Opinion and argument
[U] a situation in which there are ideas, opinions, feelings or wishes that are opposed to each other;
a state of inner conflict: Her diary was a record of her inner conflict.
[C] a situation in which it is difficult to choose
in conflict with something : Many of these ideas appear to be in conflict with each other.
conflict of something He faced a conflict of loyalties.
conflict between A and B : The story tells of a classic conflict between love and duty.

Value
1/ TOPICS MoneyB1, ShoppingB1
[C] the amount of money that something is worth
to go up/rise/increase in value
to go down/fall/decline in value
rising property values
The value of the shares has continued to fall./ The alterations doubled the value of the house.
[U] refers to the concept or quality of worth
to the value of something The winner will receive a prize to the value of £1 000.
of value Don’t leave anything of value in the car.
Sports cars tend to hold their value well.
2/ [U] WORTH THE MONEY PAID
to be good/great value (= worth the money it costs): The lunch special is really good value/ At only £45 a night, the hotel is great value for money.
to be bad/poor value (= not worth the money it costs):
value for money: Larger sizes give the best value for money.
3/[U] IMPORTANCE/USEFULNESS of something
value of: A group of athletes spoke to the students about the value of a college education./ the nutritional value of cereal
(be) of great/little/no value (to sb): He didn’t say anything of value/ The arrival of canals was of great value to many industries.
place/put a high value on something: The Sioux Indians placed a high value on generosity./The locket has great sentimental value (=importance because it was a gift, it reminds you of someone etc).
add value to sth: Branding has to add value to the product.
4/ [beliefs]: values [plural] beliefs about what is right and wrong and what is important in life
We need to be guided by our moral values.
a return to traditional values in education, such as firm discipline
The school’s core values include the ability to work with others.
The young have a completely different set of values and expectations.

loyalty
1/ [uncountable] the quality of being constant in your support of somebody/something
Can I count on your loyalty?
loyalty to/towards somebody/something They swore their loyalty to the king.
Companies are eager to build brand loyalty in their customers (= to keep them buying the same brand).
2/ [countable usually plural] a feeling of support for someone or something
local/regional/tribal/family etc loyalty/loyalties: In the rural areas, family and tribal loyalties continue to be important.
a case of divided loyalties : the agony of divided loyalties (=loyalty to two different or opposing people) for the children in a divorce

Effort
1/[C]: an attempt to do something especially when it is difficult to do
effort to do something Please make an effort to be on time.
in an effort to do something The company has laid off 150 workers in an effort to save money.
despite somebody’s efforts Despite our best efforts, we didn’t manage to win the game.
with an effort With an effort of will he resisted the temptation.
a joint/collaborative effort
a determined/conscious/special effort
2/ [uncountable, countable]
[U]: [PHYSICAL/MENTAL ENERGY ] refers to the quality or concept of the physical or mental energy that you need to do something;
Put effort into sth: You should put more effort into your work.
time and effort : A great deal of time and effort has gone into making this event a success.
take/require effort Taking the time to compare prices means that the purchase takes more effort, but it’s usually worth it.
[C] [PARTICULAR SITUATION] refers to a specific action or set of actions taken by someone to accomplish a goal:
It’s a long climb to the top, but well worth the effort.
Getting up this morning was quite an effort (= it was difficult).
the fundraising effort
the international relief effort
Everyone did what they could to support the war effort.

Food
[c]: refers to specific types or categories of food items that can be counted as individual units.
There were a lot of frozen foods in the refrigerator
We should eat more fresh foods.
Baby foods: “The store has a range of baby foods, including pureed fruits and vegetables, cereals, and snacks.” (referring to specific types of baby food)
[U] refers to a general substance consumed by people to provide nutrition and energy.
He was told to cut down on salty and fatty foods.
steps to protect the nation’s food supply
Demand for organic food has been growing fast.
Baby food (“I need to buy some baby food for my little one.” (referring to the general category of food that is made for babies)

benefit
1/[countable, uncountable]
[C]an advantage that something gives you:
get/receive the benefit (of sth) Who received the benefit of the spending?
The industry will be one of the first to enjoy the benefits of the recovery.
economic/financial/environmental/health benefits The town is already receiving the economic benefits of the new shopping centre.
reap the benefits (of sth) The industry is reaping the benefits of an increase in consumer confidence.
[U]a helpful and useful effect that something has
I’ve had the benefit of a good education.
benefit from sth: The company derived substantial benefit from the deal.
benefit of doing something He couldn’t see the benefit of arguing any longer.
be of benefit to somebody/something The new regulations will be of benefit to everyone concerned.
to somebody’s benefit It will be to your benefit to arrive early.
With the benefit of hindsight (= knowing what we have learnt since), we would do things differently.
without the benefit of something Nobody should be sent to prison without the benefit of legal advice.
For maximum benefit, take the tablets before meals./ To get the full benefit, this plan should be viewed as a long-term investment.
2/ MONEY FROM GOVERNMENT
[C]: refers to payments made by the government to individuals or families in need of financial assistance.
As an unemployed mother, you can claim benefits./ You may be eligible to receive benefits.
on benefits The aim is to help people who are on benefits (= receiving benefits) to find jobs.
[U]: refers to financial assistance provided by the government
unemployment/housing/child etc benefit: “One person had her housing benefit stopped while she was in hospital giving birth
3/ [countable, usually plural] an advantage that you get from a company in addition to the money that you earn
Private health insurance is offered as part of the employees’ benefits package.
These benefits will now be extended to agency workers.
4/ [countable, usually plural] money from an insurance company
The insurance plan will provide substantial cash benefits to your family in case of your death.
5/[countable] an event such as a performance, a dinner, etc., organized in order to raise money for a particular person or charity
a benefit match/concert
The proceeds from the benefit will go directly to the refugee camps.

A

The conflict
1/ [C] [U] TOPICS Opinion and argument
[U] a general state of disagreement
in conflict (with somebody): normal kids who are in conflict with their parents
come into conflict with sb :John often comes into conflict with his boss.
conflict within something: The terms of the will became a source of conflict within the family.
She has received training in conflict resolution.
[C] a specific instance of disagreement or argument
political/social/industrial conflict: the threat of industrial conflict in the coalfields / Marx points out the potential conflicts below the surface of society.
conflict over: conflicts over wage settlements
conflict between: the conflict between tradition and innovation
2/ [C] [U] TOPICS War and conflict, Politics
[C] a violent situation:
armed/military/violent conflict: For years the region has been torn apart by armed conflicts./ UN troops intervened to avert a threat of violent conflict.
[U] period of fighting between two countries
internal conflict : The country has experienced internal conflict over the last decade.
ending the conflict : Hopes of ending the conflict in the region are fading.
solution to the conflict : international efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict
3/ Opinion and argument
[U] a situation in which there are ideas, opinions, feelings or wishes that are opposed to each other;
a state of inner conflict: Her diary was a record of her inner conflict.
[C] a situation in which it is difficult to choose
in conflict with something : Many of these ideas appear to be in conflict with each other.
conflict of something He faced a conflict of loyalties.
conflict between A and B : The story tells of a classic conflict between love and duty.

Value
1/ TOPICS MoneyB1, ShoppingB1
[C] the amount of money that something is worth
to go up/rise/increase in value
to go down/fall/decline in value
rising property values
The value of the shares has continued to fall./ The alterations doubled the value of the house.
[U] refers to the concept or quality of worth
to the value of something The winner will receive a prize to the value of £1 000.
of value Don’t leave anything of value in the car.
Sports cars tend to hold their value well.
2/ [U] WORTH THE MONEY PAID
to be good/great value (= worth the money it costs): The lunch special is really good value/ At only £45 a night, the hotel is great value for money.
to be bad/poor value (= not worth the money it costs):
value for money: Larger sizes give the best value for money.
3/[U] IMPORTANCE/USEFULNESS of something
value of: A group of athletes spoke to the students about the value of a college education./ the nutritional value of cereal
(be) of great/little/no value (to sb): He didn’t say anything of value/ The arrival of canals was of great value to many industries.
place/put a high value on something: The Sioux Indians placed a high value on generosity./The locket has great sentimental value (=importance because it was a gift, it reminds you of someone etc).
add value to sth: Branding has to add value to the product.
4/ [beliefs]: values [plural] beliefs about what is right and wrong and what is important in life
We need to be guided by our moral values.
a return to traditional values in education, such as firm discipline
The school’s core values include the ability to work with others.
The young have a completely different set of values and expectations.

loyalty
1/ [uncountable] the quality of being constant in your support of somebody/something
Can I count on your loyalty?
loyalty to/towards somebody/something They swore their loyalty to the king.
Companies are eager to build brand loyalty in their customers (= to keep them buying the same brand).
2/ [countable usually plural] a feeling of support for someone or something
local/regional/tribal/family etc loyalty/loyalties: In the rural areas, family and tribal loyalties continue to be important.
a case of divided loyalties : the agony of divided loyalties (=loyalty to two different or opposing people) for the children in a divorce

Effort
1/[C]: an attempt to do something especially when it is difficult to do
effort to do something Please make an effort to be on time.
in an effort to do something The company has laid off 150 workers in an effort to save money.
despite somebody’s efforts Despite our best efforts, we didn’t manage to win the game.
with an effort With an effort of will he resisted the temptation.
a joint/collaborative effort
a determined/conscious/special effort
2/ [uncountable, countable]
[U]: [PHYSICAL/MENTAL ENERGY ] refers to the quality or concept of the physical or mental energy that you need to do something;
Put effort into sth: You should put more effort into your work.
time and effort : A great deal of time and effort has gone into making this event a success.
take/require effort Taking the time to compare prices means that the purchase takes more effort, but it’s usually worth it.
[C] [PARTICULAR SITUATION] refers to a specific action or set of actions taken by someone to accomplish a goal:
It’s a long climb to the top, but well worth the effort.
Getting up this morning was quite an effort (= it was difficult).
the fundraising effort
the international relief effort
Everyone did what they could to support the war effort.

Food
[c]: refers to specific types or categories of food items that can be counted as individual units.
There were a lot of frozen foods in the refrigerator
We should eat more fresh foods.
Baby foods: “The store has a range of baby foods, including pureed fruits and vegetables, cereals, and snacks.” (referring to specific types of baby food)
[U] refers to a general substance consumed by people to provide nutrition and energy.
He was told to cut down on salty and fatty foods.
steps to protect the nation’s food supply
Demand for organic food has been growing fast.
Baby food (“I need to buy some baby food for my little one.” (referring to the general category of food that is made for babies)

benefit
1/[countable, uncountable]
[C]an advantage that something gives you:
get/receive the benefit (of sth) Who received the benefit of the spending?
The industry will be one of the first to enjoy the benefits of the recovery.
economic/financial/environmental/health benefits The town is already receiving the economic benefits of the new shopping centre.
reap the benefits (of sth) The industry is reaping the benefits of an increase in consumer confidence.
[U]a helpful and useful effect that something has
I’ve had the benefit of a good education.
benefit from sth: The company derived substantial benefit from the deal.
benefit of doing something He couldn’t see the benefit of arguing any longer.
be of benefit to somebody/something The new regulations will be of benefit to everyone concerned.
to somebody’s benefit It will be to your benefit to arrive early.
With the benefit of hindsight (= knowing what we have learnt since), we would do things differently.
without the benefit of something Nobody should be sent to prison without the benefit of legal advice.
For maximum benefit, take the tablets before meals./ To get the full benefit, this plan should be viewed as a long-term investment.
2/ MONEY FROM GOVERNMENT
[C]: refers to payments made by the government to individuals or families in need of financial assistance.
As an unemployed mother, you can claim benefits./ You may be eligible to receive benefits.
on benefits The aim is to help people who are on benefits (= receiving benefits) to find jobs.
[U]: refers to financial assistance provided by the government
unemployment/housing/child etc benefit: “One person had her housing benefit stopped while she was in hospital giving birth
3/ [countable, usually plural] an advantage that you get from a company in addition to the money that you earn
Private health insurance is offered as part of the employees’ benefits package.
These benefits will now be extended to agency workers.
4/ [countable, usually plural] money from an insurance company
The insurance plan will provide substantial cash benefits to your family in case of your death.
5/[countable] an event such as a performance, a dinner, etc., organized in order to raise money for a particular person or charity
a benefit match/concert
The proceeds from the benefit will go directly to the refugee camps.

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9
Q

possibility noun
1/ [countable, uncountable]
[C] something that might happen or be true
real/distinct/remote possibility: War is a very real possibility./ Reaching the final seems a remote possibility/ Bankruptcy is a real possibility if sales don’t improve./ What had seemed impossible now seemed a distinct possibility.
possibility that…We were not in the least worried about the possibility that sweets could rot the teeth.
with the possibility of something: This is a one-year appointment, with the possibility of renewal for an additional year.
possibility of something He refused to rule out the possibility of a tax increase.
[U] state of being possible: the chance or opportunity
possibility of doing something I am excited about the possibility of going to the Olympics.
2/ [countable] one of the different things that you can do in a particular situation
The possibilities are endless.
We have to investigate every possibility.
Police are considering a wide range of possibilities.
possibility of doing something She explored the possibility of studying in the US.
3/[countable, usually plural] something that gives you a chance to achieve something
SYNONYM opportunity
possibilities for something There are countless possibilities for future research.
possibilities for doing something The course offers a range of exciting possibilities for developing your skills.
In a bookshop, the possibilities for browsing are endless.
possibility for somebody Career possibilities for women are much greater than they were fifty years ago.
4/possibilities [plural] if something has possibilities, it can be improved or made successful
SYNONYM potential
The house is in a bad state of repair but it has possibilities.
He was the first to see the possibilities of the plan.

Potential
1/[uncountable] the possibility of something happening or being developed or used
potential for something the potential for change
potential for doing something The European marketplace offers excellent potential for increasing sales.
potential of something the huge potential of the American market
potential to do something The disease has the potential to cause a global health emergency.
2/ [uncountable] qualities that exist and can be developed
potential as somebody/something She has great potential as an artist.
her belief in art’s potential as a healing agent
potential to do something He has the potential to become a world-class musician.
with potential We’re looking for a trainee with potential.
to reach/fulfil/achieve your potential: All children should be encouraged to realize their full potential.
an artist of great potential / John shows great potential in the swimming pool.

complexity
1/[uncountable] the state of being complicated the increasing complexity of modern telecommunication systems
complexity of : I was astonished by the size and complexity of the problem.
2/ complexities [plural] one of the many details or features of something that make it hard to understand or deal with
…those who find it hardest to cope with the complexities of modern life.
The complexities of economics are clearly explained.
The issue is surrounded by legal complexities.

Doubt
[U]
a feeling of doubt and uncertainty
doubt (that)… There is no doubt at all that we did the right thing.
There’s little doubt in my mind that he’s going to go right to the top.
doubt as to something She leaves no doubt as to her own view of Picasso’s work.
doubt as to who, what, etc… If you are in any doubt as to whether you should be doing these exercises, consult your doctor.
[C]
doubt about something The article raised doubts about how effective the new drug really was.
New evidence has cast doubt on the guilt of the man jailed for the crime.

Concerns
1/ worry
[C]
to raise/voice concerns: We are trying to address the concerns of residents.
concern over something/somebody The report raises serious concerns over safety at the plant.
security/safety concerns: He had to resign from his job because of health concerns.
[U]
concern about something/somebody: Villagers expressed concern about the level of traffic.
The continuing drought is causing concern among farmers.
Concern that …: As the militants gather, there is concern that the protest might again run out of control.
2/[desire to protect] [uncountable] a desire to protect and help somebody/something
concern for somebody/something parents’ concern for their children
deep/genuine/real concern
He showed deep concern for his employees.
3/[something important] [countable] something that is important to a person, an organization, etc.
Our main concern is to ensure the safety of the children.
What are your biggest concerns as a writer?
The government’s primary concern is to reduce crime.
a big/major concern
4/responsibility [countable, usually singular] (formal) something that is your responsibility or that you have a right to know about
This matter is their concern.
How much money I make is none of your concern.
How much we paid is none of your concern.
5/company [countable] a company or business
SYNONYM firm
The scheme has been set up by a major publishing concern.
a successful publishing concern

A

possibility noun
1/ [countable, uncountable]
[C] something that might happen or be true
real/distinct/remote possibility: War is a very real possibility./ Reaching the final seems a remote possibility/ Bankruptcy is a real possibility if sales don’t improve./ What had seemed impossible now seemed a distinct possibility.
possibility that…We were not in the least worried about the possibility that sweets could rot the teeth.
with the possibility of something: This is a one-year appointment, with the possibility of renewal for an additional year.
possibility of something He refused to rule out the possibility of a tax increase.
[U] state of being possible: the chance or opportunity
possibility of doing something I am excited about the possibility of going to the Olympics.
2/ [countable] one of the different things that you can do in a particular situation
The possibilities are endless.
We have to investigate every possibility.
Police are considering a wide range of possibilities.
possibility of doing something She explored the possibility of studying in the US.
3/[countable, usually plural] something that gives you a chance to achieve something
SYNONYM opportunity
possibilities for something There are countless possibilities for future research.
possibilities for doing something The course offers a range of exciting possibilities for developing your skills.
In a bookshop, the possibilities for browsing are endless.
possibility for somebody Career possibilities for women are much greater than they were fifty years ago.
4/possibilities [plural] if something has possibilities, it can be improved or made successful
SYNONYM potential
The house is in a bad state of repair but it has possibilities.
He was the first to see the possibilities of the plan.

Potential
1/[uncountable] the possibility of something happening or being developed or used
potential for something the potential for change
potential for doing something The European marketplace offers excellent potential for increasing sales.
potential of something the huge potential of the American market
potential to do something The disease has the potential to cause a global health emergency.
2/ [uncountable] qualities that exist and can be developed
potential as somebody/something She has great potential as an artist.
her belief in art’s potential as a healing agent
potential to do something He has the potential to become a world-class musician.
with potential We’re looking for a trainee with potential.
to reach/fulfil/achieve your potential: All children should be encouraged to realize their full potential.
an artist of great potential / John shows great potential in the swimming pool.

complexity
1/[uncountable] the state of being complicated the increasing complexity of modern telecommunication systems
complexity of : I was astonished by the size and complexity of the problem.
2/ complexities [plural] one of the many details or features of something that make it hard to understand or deal with
…those who find it hardest to cope with the complexities of modern life.
The complexities of economics are clearly explained.
The issue is surrounded by legal complexities.

Doubt
[U]
a feeling of doubt and uncertainty
doubt (that)… There is no doubt at all that we did the right thing.
There’s little doubt in my mind that he’s going to go right to the top.
doubt as to something She leaves no doubt as to her own view of Picasso’s work.
doubt as to who, what, etc… If you are in any doubt as to whether you should be doing these exercises, consult your doctor.
[C]
doubt about something The article raised doubts about how effective the new drug really was.
New evidence has cast doubt on the guilt of the man jailed for the crime.

Concerns
1/ worry
[C]
to raise/voice concerns: We are trying to address the concerns of residents.
concern over something/somebody The report raises serious concerns over safety at the plant.
security/safety concerns: He had to resign from his job because of health concerns.
[U]
concern about something/somebody: Villagers expressed concern about the level of traffic.
The continuing drought is causing concern among farmers.
Concern that …: As the militants gather, there is concern that the protest might again run out of control.
2/[desire to protect] [uncountable] a desire to protect and help somebody/something
concern for somebody/something parents’ concern for their children
deep/genuine/real concern
He showed deep concern for his employees.
3/[something important] [countable] something that is important to a person, an organization, etc.
Our main concern is to ensure the safety of the children.
What are your biggest concerns as a writer?
The government’s primary concern is to reduce crime.
a big/major concern
4/responsibility [countable, usually singular] (formal) something that is your responsibility or that you have a right to know about
This matter is their concern.
How much money I make is none of your concern.
How much we paid is none of your concern.
5/company [countable] a company or business
SYNONYM firm
The scheme has been set up by a major publishing concern.
a successful publishing concern

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10
Q

series
1/ [countable] a set of television or radio programmes or podcasts that deal with the same subject or that have the same characters
The first episode of the new series is on Saturday.
She has a small part in a drama series for radio.
2/[countable, usually singular] several events or things of a similar kind that happen one after the other
series of something The incident sparked off a series of events that nobody had foreseen.
in a series of something This is the latest in a series of articles on the nature of modern society.

A

series
1/ [countable] a set of television or radio programmes or podcasts that deal with the same subject or that have the same characters
The first episode of the new series is on Saturday.
She has a small part in a drama series for radio.
2/[countable, usually singular] several events or things of a similar kind that happen one after the other
series of something The incident sparked off a series of events that nobody had foreseen.
in a series of something This is the latest in a series of articles on the nature of modern society.

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11
Q

Award
1/ [countable] (often in names of particular awards) a prize such as money, etc. for something that somebody has done
The mayor will present the awards.
the Housing Design Award/ the UK’s most prestigious literary award
an awards ceremony
award for something to win/accept an award for something: He received numerous awards for excellence in teaching.
2/ [countable] an increase in the amount of money somebody earns
an annual pay award
The union is unhappy with this year’s pay award.
3/ [countable, uncountable] an amount of money given as an official payment or grant to somebody
an award of £600 000 in libel damages
The judge has the power to make damages awards.
Students on diploma courses could apply for a discretionary award from their local authority.
4/ [uncountable] the official decision to give something to somebody
Satisfactory completion of the course will lead to the award of the Diploma of Social Work.
The court must specify the different elements in its award of compensation.

fund
1/[countable] an amount of money that has been saved or has been made available for a particular purpose
a disaster relief fund
the company’s pension fund
the International Monetary Fund
in a fund There is currently over $200 000 in the fund.
2/ funds [plural] money that is available to be spent
government/federal funds
The hospital is trying to raise funds for a new kidney machine.
to provide/use funds for something
More funds should be allocated to housing.
The project has been cancelled because of lack of funds.
I’m short of funds at the moment—can I pay you back next week?
3/ [countable] (finance) a company that manages money for people by investing it; the money managed by such a company
Any extra money that James saves should go into a money market fund.
She is a fund manager for an Asian bank.
4/ [singular] fund of something an amount or a supply of something
a fund of knowledge

on preposition
1/ (INVOLVEMENT): “Where had we got up to?” “We were on page 42.”
2/ (FOOD/FUEL/DRUG) used to show something that is used as food, fuel, or a drug:
What do mice live on? /Does this radio run on batteries?/ Is he on drugs?
3/ on preposition (MEMBER) used to show when someone is a member of a group or organization:
Have you ever served on a jury?
There are no women on the committee.
How many people are on your staff?
UK She’s a researcher on a women’s magazine.

get up to
phrasal verb of get
INFORMAL
be involved in something, especially something illicit or surprising.
“what did you get up to last weekend?”

be good/bad news (for somebody/something): to be likely to be helpful or give an advantage/ to be likely to cause problems
The cut in interest rates is good news for homeowners./ Central heating is bad news for indoor plants.

News - [uncountable]
1/ new information about something that has happened recently
Do you want the good news or the bad news first?
(informal) It’s news to me (= I haven’t heard it before).
Here’s a piece of news that may interest you./We’ve had a bit of good news.
news of somebody/something Have you had any news of Patrick?
news on something Any news on the deal?
news about somebody/something He gave me some news about the office move.
news that… Messengers brought news that the battle had been lost.
2/ reports of recent events that appear in newspapers or on television, radio or the internet
national/international/local news
a news story/item/report
a TV/radio news bulletin
news media/coverage
breaking news (= news that is arriving about events that have just happened)
The wedding was front-page news.
news of something News of a serious road accident is just coming in.
news on something Is there any news on the car bomb attack?
news about somebody/something I’m not interested in news about celebrities.
in the news She is always in the news.
3/ the news: a regular television or radio broadcast of the latest news
to listen to/watch the news
Can you put the news on?
the nine o’clock news
on the news I saw it on the news.

A

Award
1/ [countable] (often in names of particular awards) a prize such as money, etc. for something that somebody has done
The mayor will present the awards.
the Housing Design Award/ the UK’s most prestigious literary award
an awards ceremony
award for something to win/accept an award for something: He received numerous awards for excellence in teaching.
2/ [countable] an increase in the amount of money somebody earns
an annual pay award
The union is unhappy with this year’s pay award.
3/ [countable, uncountable] an amount of money given as an official payment or grant to somebody
an award of £600 000 in libel damages
The judge has the power to make damages awards.
Students on diploma courses could apply for a discretionary award from their local authority.
4/ [uncountable] the official decision to give something to somebody
Satisfactory completion of the course will lead to the award of the Diploma of Social Work.
The court must specify the different elements in its award of compensation.

fund
1/[countable] an amount of money that has been saved or has been made available for a particular purpose
a disaster relief fund
the company’s pension fund
the International Monetary Fund
in a fund There is currently over $200 000 in the fund.
2/ funds [plural] money that is available to be spent
government/federal funds
The hospital is trying to raise funds for a new kidney machine.
to provide/use funds for something
More funds should be allocated to housing.
The project has been cancelled because of lack of funds.
I’m short of funds at the moment—can I pay you back next week?
3/ [countable] (finance) a company that manages money for people by investing it; the money managed by such a company
Any extra money that James saves should go into a money market fund.
She is a fund manager for an Asian bank.
4/ [singular] fund of something an amount or a supply of something
a fund of knowledge

on preposition
1/ (INVOLVEMENT): “Where had we got up to?” “We were on page 42.”
2/ (FOOD/FUEL/DRUG) used to show something that is used as food, fuel, or a drug:
What do mice live on? /Does this radio run on batteries?/ Is he on drugs?
3/ on preposition (MEMBER) used to show when someone is a member of a group or organization:
Have you ever served on a jury?
There are no women on the committee.
How many people are on your staff?
UK She’s a researcher on a women’s magazine.

get up to
phrasal verb of get
INFORMAL
be involved in something, especially something illicit or surprising.
“what did you get up to last weekend?”

be good/bad news (for somebody/something): to be likely to be helpful or give an advantage/ to be likely to cause problems
The cut in interest rates is good news for homeowners./ Central heating is bad news for indoor plants.

News - [uncountable]
1/ new information about something that has happened recently
Do you want the good news or the bad news first?
(informal) It’s news to me (= I haven’t heard it before).
Here’s a piece of news that may interest you./We’ve had a bit of good news.
news of somebody/something Have you had any news of Patrick?
news on something Any news on the deal?
news about somebody/something He gave me some news about the office move.
news that… Messengers brought news that the battle had been lost.
2/ reports of recent events that appear in newspapers or on television, radio or the internet
national/international/local news
a news story/item/report
a TV/radio news bulletin
news media/coverage
breaking news (= news that is arriving about events that have just happened)
The wedding was front-page news.
news of something News of a serious road accident is just coming in.
news on something Is there any news on the car bomb attack?
news about somebody/something I’m not interested in news about celebrities.
in the news She is always in the news.
3/ the news: a regular television or radio broadcast of the latest news
to listen to/watch the news
Can you put the news on?
the nine o’clock news
on the news I saw it on the news.

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12
Q

Send out something
1/(PRODUCE)
to produce something in a way that causes it to spread out from a central point:
The equipment sent out a regular high-pitched signal.
The torch sends out a powerful beam of light.
The bushes were sending out new shoots.
2/COMMUNICATIONS: to send something to a lot of different people, usually by mail or email:
The marketing e-leaflets were sent out to all of the email addresses on the list./ Frank sent out about 400 invitations to his party.

A

Send out something
1/(PRODUCE)
to produce something in a way that causes it to spread out from a central point:
The equipment sent out a regular high-pitched signal.
The torch sends out a powerful beam of light.
The bushes were sending out new shoots.
2/COMMUNICATIONS: to send something to a lot of different people, usually by mail or email:
The marketing e-leaflets were sent out to all of the email addresses on the list./ Frank sent out about 400 invitations to his party.

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13
Q

Wink: verb [ I ]: Laura winked at me as Stephen turned his back.

twinkle : [intransitive] if your eyes twinkle, you have a bright expression because you are happy or excited
twinkling blue eyes
twinkle with something Her eyes twinkled with merriment.
twinkle at somebody His mother twinkled at him over her teacup.

A

Wink: verb [ I ]: Laura winked at me as Stephen turned his back.
twinkle : [intransitive] if your eyes twinkle, you have a bright expression because you are happy or excited
twinkling blue eyes
twinkle with something Her eyes twinkled with merriment.
twinkle at somebody His mother twinkled at him over her teacup.

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14
Q

fall guy
noun [ C usually singular ] informal
UK /ˈfɔːl ˌɡaɪ/ US /ˈfɑːl ˌɡaɪ/
Add to word list
a person who is falsely blamed for something that has gone wrong, or for a crime that they have not committed:
The governor was looking for a fall guy to take the blame for the corruption scandal.

Appeal
Noun-
1/ [countable] a deeply felt request for money, help or information that is needed immediately, especially one made by a charity or by the police
appeal for something to launch a TV appeal for donations to the charity
appeal to somebody He made an emotional appeal to voters.
appeal to somebody for something Police are making a fresh appeal to the public for any information that may help them.
appeal to somebody to do something The police made an appeal to the public to remain calm.
2/ [uncountable] a quality that makes somebody/something attractive or interesting
mass/wide/popular/broad/universal appeal: Her charming children’s stories have timeless appeal.
The Beatles have never really lost their appeal.
The prospect of living in a city holds little appeal for me.
3/ [countable, uncountable] a formal request to a court or to somebody in authority for a judgement or a decision to be changed
[C] a specific case or instance of a legal appeal,
an appeal judge/tribunal/hearing: The appeal judge carefully reviewed the evidence and ultimately upheld the lower court’s decision
appeal against something They have launched appeals against their convictions.
lodge/file an appeal: After the hearing, the defendants announced that they would be lodging an appeal to the Supreme Court.
allow/dismiss an appeal: After hearing the accused’s appeal against conviction, six of the judges dismissed it.
[U] a general concept or idea,
on appeal The case was upheld on appeal.
Of appeal You have the right of appeal to the Constitutional Court.
To appeal The right to appeal is an important part of the legal system.

Appeal –v:
1/ [intransitive] to make a deeply felt request, especially for something that is needed immediately
I am appealing (= asking for money) on behalf of the famine victims.
appeal for something Community leaders appealed for calm (= urged people to remain calm).
appeal to somebody Appeal directly to the public, answer their questions.
appeal to somebody for something The government appealed to the British people for help.
appeal for somebody to do something Police have appealed for witnesses to come forward.
appeal to somebody to do something Organizers appealed to the crowd not to panic.
2/ [intransitive] to attract or interest somebody
The prospect of a long wait in the rain did not appeal.
appeal to somebody The design has to appeal to all ages and social groups.
His movies appeal to a broad audience.
The ad is designed to appeal to female voters.
3/ [intransitive] to make a formal request to a court or to somebody in authority for a judgment or a decision to be changed
He said he would appeal after being found guilty on four counts of murder.
appeal against something The company is appealing against the ruling.
appeal to somebody/something against something He is seeking leave to appeal to the High Court against the decision.
appeal to somebody/something Permission to appeal to the House of Lords was refused.

A

fall guy
noun [ C usually singular ] informal
UK /ˈfɔːl ˌɡaɪ/ US /ˈfɑːl ˌɡaɪ/
Add to word list
a person who is falsely blamed for something that has gone wrong, or for a crime that they have not committed:
The governor was looking for a fall guy to take the blame for the corruption scandal.

Appeal
Noun-
1/ [countable] a deeply felt request for money, help or information that is needed immediately, especially one made by a charity or by the police
appeal for something to launch a TV appeal for donations to the charity
appeal to somebody He made an emotional appeal to voters.
appeal to somebody for something Police are making a fresh appeal to the public for any information that may help them.
appeal to somebody to do something The police made an appeal to the public to remain calm.
2/ [uncountable] a quality that makes somebody/something attractive or interesting
mass/wide/popular/broad/universal appeal: Her charming children’s stories have timeless appeal.
The Beatles have never really lost their appeal.
The prospect of living in a city holds little appeal for me.
3/ [countable, uncountable] a formal request to a court or to somebody in authority for a judgement or a decision to be changed
[C] a specific case or instance of a legal appeal,
an appeal judge/tribunal/hearing: The appeal judge carefully reviewed the evidence and ultimately upheld the lower court’s decision
appeal against something They have launched appeals against their convictions.
lodge/file an appeal: After the hearing, the defendants announced that they would be lodging an appeal to the Supreme Court.
allow/dismiss an appeal: After hearing the accused’s appeal against conviction, six of the judges dismissed it.
[U] a general concept or idea,
on appeal The case was upheld on appeal.
Of appeal You have the right of appeal to the Constitutional Court.
To appeal The right to appeal is an important part of the legal system.

Appeal –v:
1/ [intransitive] to make a deeply felt request, especially for something that is needed immediately
I am appealing (= asking for money) on behalf of the famine victims.
appeal for something Community leaders appealed for calm (= urged people to remain calm).
appeal to somebody Appeal directly to the public, answer their questions.
appeal to somebody for something The government appealed to the British people for help.
appeal for somebody to do something Police have appealed for witnesses to come forward.
appeal to somebody to do something Organizers appealed to the crowd not to panic.
2/ [intransitive] to attract or interest somebody
The prospect of a long wait in the rain did not appeal.
appeal to somebody The design has to appeal to all ages and social groups.
His movies appeal to a broad audience.
The ad is designed to appeal to female voters.
3/ [intransitive] to make a formal request to a court or to somebody in authority for a judgment or a decision to be changed
He said he would appeal after being found guilty on four counts of murder.
appeal against something The company is appealing against the ruling.
appeal to somebody/something against something He is seeking leave to appeal to the High Court against the decision.
appeal to somebody/something Permission to appeal to the House of Lords was refused.

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15
Q

An intuitive sense of the female creature /ˈkriːtʃə(r)/

Creature [C]
1/a living thing, real or imaginary, that can move around, such as an animal
respect for all living creatures
alien/strange/mythical creatures
octopuses and other sea creatures
2/ (especially following an adjective): a person, considered in a particular way
You pathetic creature!
She was an exotic creature with long red hair and brilliant green eyes.
He always goes to bed at ten—he’s a creature of habit (= he likes to do the same things at the same time every day).

punchline noun (also North American English, informal tag line)
the last few words of a joke that make it funny
He forgot the punchline and the joke fell flat.

Row - n
1/[ serious ] [countable] row (about/over something) a serious argument between people, organizations, etc. about something
A row has broken out over education.
2/ [noisy ] [countable] a noisy argument between two or more people
SYNONYM quarrel
She left him after a blazing row.
family rows
He had a row with his son.
Carol and I had a terrible row about how much money she spends.
3/ [singular] a loud unpleasant noise
SYNONYM din, racket
Who’s making that row?

logistics
1/ [uncountable] + singular or plural verb] logistics (of something) the practical organization that is needed to make a complicated plan successful when a lot of people and equipment are involved
[U] the logistics of moving the company to a new building
[U + PLURAL VERB] In theory it’s a good idea—the logistics are the problem./ We have the aid money, but the logistics of getting it to those in need are daunting.
2/ [uncountable] (business) the business of transporting and delivering goods
A logistics firm was hired for the deliveries.
a list of jobs available in logistics
3/ [uncountable] the activity of moving equipment, supplies and people for military operations
a revolution in military logistics
a contract to provide logistics support services to the British army

cement noun /sɪˈment/
1/ [uncountable]
a grey powder made by burning clay and lime that sets hard when it is mixed with water. Cement is used in building to stick stones and bricks together and to make very hard surfaces.
Use a mixture of one part cement to four parts sand.
2. the hard substance that is formed when cement becomes dry and hard
a floor of cement
a cement floor
3. a soft substance that becomes hard when dry and is used for sticking things together or filling in holes
dental cement (= for filling holes in teeth)
4/(formal) something that joins people together in a common interest
values that are the cement of society

halfway through (something):in the middle of an event or period of time
* I was halfway through the gates before the first journalist reached me.

keep track (OF STH/STH)
idiom
: to be aware of how something is changing, what someone is doing, etc.
There’s so much going on that it’s hard to keep track.
—usually + of: Keep track of your little brother for me, will you?/ I watch the news to keep track of current events.

A

An intuitive sense of the female creature /ˈkriːtʃə(r)/

Creature [C]
1/a living thing, real or imaginary, that can move around, such as an animal
respect for all living creatures
alien/strange/mythical creatures
octopuses and other sea creatures
2/ (especially following an adjective): a person, considered in a particular way
You pathetic creature!
She was an exotic creature with long red hair and brilliant green eyes.
He always goes to bed at ten—he’s a creature of habit (= he likes to do the same things at the same time every day).

punchline noun (also North American English, informal tag line)
the last few words of a joke that make it funny
He forgot the punchline and the joke fell flat.

Row - n
1/[ serious ] [countable] row (about/over something) a serious argument between people, organizations, etc. about something
A row has broken out over education.
2/ [noisy ] [countable] a noisy argument between two or more people
SYNONYM quarrel
She left him after a blazing row.
family rows
He had a row with his son.
Carol and I had a terrible row about how much money she spends.
3/ [singular] a loud unpleasant noise
SYNONYM din, racket
Who’s making that row?

logistics
1/ [uncountable] + singular or plural verb] logistics (of something) the practical organization that is needed to make a complicated plan successful when a lot of people and equipment are involved
[U] the logistics of moving the company to a new building
[U + PLURAL VERB] In theory it’s a good idea—the logistics are the problem./ We have the aid money, but the logistics of getting it to those in need are daunting.
2/ [uncountable] (business) the business of transporting and delivering goods
A logistics firm was hired for the deliveries.
a list of jobs available in logistics
3/ [uncountable] the activity of moving equipment, supplies and people for military operations
a revolution in military logistics
a contract to provide logistics support services to the British army

cement noun /sɪˈment/
1/ [uncountable]
a grey powder made by burning clay and lime that sets hard when it is mixed with water. Cement is used in building to stick stones and bricks together and to make very hard surfaces.
Use a mixture of one part cement to four parts sand.
2. the hard substance that is formed when cement becomes dry and hard
a floor of cement
a cement floor
3. a soft substance that becomes hard when dry and is used for sticking things together or filling in holes
dental cement (= for filling holes in teeth)
4/(formal) something that joins people together in a common interest
values that are the cement of society

halfway through (something):in the middle of an event or period of time
* I was halfway through the gates before the first journalist reached me.

keep track (OF STH/STH)
idiom
: to be aware of how something is changing, what someone is doing, etc.
There’s so much going on that it’s hard to keep track.
—usually + of: Keep track of your little brother for me, will you?/ I watch the news to keep track of current events.

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16
Q

profession [ C/U ]
1/a type of job that needs special training or skill, especially one that needs a high level of education
[ C ]
to enter/go into/join a profession
the accountancy/teaching/engineering profession
the legal/medical/actuarial profession
She was at the very top of her profession.
senior members of the profession
[ U ] sb is sth by profession : I’m a writer by profession.
2/ the profession [singular + singular or plural verb] all the people who work in a particular type of profession
The legal profession has/have always resisted change.
the licensing laws that regulate the profession
3/the professions [plural] the traditional jobs that need a high level of education and training, such as being a doctor or a lawyer
employment in industry and the professions
4/[countable] profession of something a statement about what you believe, feel or think about something, that is sometimes made publicly
SYNONYM declaration
a profession of faith
His professions of love did not seem sincere.

Assembly
1/[C] [countable] a group of people who have been elected to meet together regularly and make decisions or laws for a particular region or country
state/legislative/federal/local assemblies
assembly of: an assembly of party members from the Russian republic.
Power has been handed over to provincial and regional assemblies.
The national assembly has voted to adopt the budget.
the UN General Assembly
assembly elections
an elected assembly
2/ [uncountable, countable]
[U] the meeting together of a group of people for a particular purpose;
They were fighting for freedom of speech and freedom of assembly.
[C] a group of people who meet together for a particular purpose: He waited until complete quiet settled on the assembly
He was to address a public assembly on the issue.
an assembly point (= a place where people have been asked to meet)
3/[uncountable] the process of putting together the parts of something such as a vehicle or piece of furniture
Putting the bookcase together should be a simple assembly job.
a car assembly plant
the correct assembly of the parts

“assembly point”: [C] HR, WORKPLACE: a place where people in an office, etc. should go if there is an emergency, for example, a fire:
Designate/establish/set up an assembly point
Evacuate/leave/move to the assembly point
Gather/meet/assemble at the assembly point
Identify/locate/find the assembly point
Emergency/fire/evacuation assembly point.

In summary, morality is based on personal beliefs and societal norms, while ethics are based on established codes of conduct and rules:
1/[code of conduct ]”Ethical”, generally refers to principles of right and wrong behavior that are based on a code of conduct or set of rules established by a profession, organization, or society
Nouns frequently used with ethical
issue or aspect: aspects, concerns, considerations, dilemma, dimension, implications, issue, questions
The ethical implications of making this information available need to be considered.
principles: code, framework, guidelines, imperatives, norms, policy, principles, standards, theory
The business is run according to clear ethical principles.
behaviour: behaviour, conduct, practice, stance
Professionals must maintain a high standard of ethical conduct.
2/[personal beliefs]”Moral” generally refers to principles of right and wrong behavior that are based on personal beliefs, cultural values, and societal norms.
moral - ADJECTIVE - [ONLY BEFORE NOUN]: relating to right and wrong
Adverbs frequently used with moral
deeply, highly, intrinsically, profoundly, purely, strictly, truly
Her autobiography has a profoundly moral message.
Nouns frequently used with moral
right or duty: duty, imperative, obligation, responsibility, right
We have a moral duty to help those who are poorer than we are.
difficult decision: choice, dilemma
Many countries are posed with a moral dilemma when asylum seekers arrive on their shores.
good qualities: courage, superiority, virtue
Is moral virtue the principal goal of Buddhism?
judgment: judgment
A doctor should work to cure someone without forming a moral judgment about their activities.
rules or principles: beliefs, code, norms, precept, principle, standards, values
They have a strict personal moral code, and they try to abide by it.
criticism: indignation, outrage
They were quick to express their moral outrage at the government’s policies on refugees.

philosophical :relating to philosophy
SYNONYMS reflective, abstract,Logical, metaphysical,profound,Rational,thoughtful
philosophical problems/issues
a philosophical argument

salvation – [U]
SYNONYM: rescue, saving, deliverance, Emancipation,liberation,pardon,redemption,restoration
1/something or someone that helps someone in a bad or dangerous situation
During the divorce, work was my salvation.
2/ the act of saving someone or something from a bad situation
the salvation of homeless teenagers

A

profession [ C/U ]
1/a type of job that needs special training or skill, especially one that needs a high level of education
[ C ]
to enter/go into/join a profession
the accountancy/teaching/engineering profession
the legal/medical/actuarial profession
She was at the very top of her profession.
senior members of the profession
[ U ] sb is sth by profession : I’m a writer by profession.
2/ the profession [singular + singular or plural verb] all the people who work in a particular type of profession
The legal profession has/have always resisted change.
the licensing laws that regulate the profession
3/the professions [plural] the traditional jobs that need a high level of education and training, such as being a doctor or a lawyer
employment in industry and the professions
4/[countable] profession of something a statement about what you believe, feel or think about something, that is sometimes made publicly
SYNONYM declaration
a profession of faith
His professions of love did not seem sincere.

Assembly
1/[C] [countable] a group of people who have been elected to meet together regularly and make decisions or laws for a particular region or country
state/legislative/federal/local assemblies
assembly of: an assembly of party members from the Russian republic.
Power has been handed over to provincial and regional assemblies.
The national assembly has voted to adopt the budget.
the UN General Assembly
assembly elections
an elected assembly
2/ [uncountable, countable]
[U] the meeting together of a group of people for a particular purpose;
They were fighting for freedom of speech and freedom of assembly.
[C] a group of people who meet together for a particular purpose: He waited until complete quiet settled on the assembly
He was to address a public assembly on the issue.
an assembly point (= a place where people have been asked to meet)
3/[uncountable] the process of putting together the parts of something such as a vehicle or piece of furniture
Putting the bookcase together should be a simple assembly job.
a car assembly plant
the correct assembly of the parts

“assembly point”: [C] HR, WORKPLACE: a place where people in an office, etc. should go if there is an emergency, for example, a fire:
Designate/establish/set up an assembly point
Evacuate/leave/move to the assembly point
Gather/meet/assemble at the assembly point
Identify/locate/find the assembly point
Emergency/fire/evacuation assembly point.

In summary, morality is based on personal beliefs and societal norms, while ethics are based on established codes of conduct and rules:
1/[code of conduct ]”Ethical”, generally refers to principles of right and wrong behavior that are based on a code of conduct or set of rules established by a profession, organization, or society
Nouns frequently used with ethical
issue or aspect: aspects, concerns, considerations, dilemma, dimension, implications, issue, questions
The ethical implications of making this information available need to be considered.
principles: code, framework, guidelines, imperatives, norms, policy, principles, standards, theory
The business is run according to clear ethical principles.
behaviour: behaviour, conduct, practice, stance
Professionals must maintain a high standard of ethical conduct.
2/[personal beliefs]”Moral” generally refers to principles of right and wrong behavior that are based on personal beliefs, cultural values, and societal norms.
moral - ADJECTIVE - [ONLY BEFORE NOUN]: relating to right and wrong
Adverbs frequently used with moral
deeply, highly, intrinsically, profoundly, purely, strictly, truly
Her autobiography has a profoundly moral message.
Nouns frequently used with moral
right or duty: duty, imperative, obligation, responsibility, right
We have a moral duty to help those who are poorer than we are.
difficult decision: choice, dilemma
Many countries are posed with a moral dilemma when asylum seekers arrive on their shores.
good qualities: courage, superiority, virtue
Is moral virtue the principal goal of Buddhism?
judgment: judgment
A doctor should work to cure someone without forming a moral judgment about their activities.
rules or principles: beliefs, code, norms, precept, principle, standards, values
They have a strict personal moral code, and they try to abide by it.
criticism: indignation, outrage
They were quick to express their moral outrage at the government’s policies on refugees.

philosophical :relating to philosophy
SYNONYMS reflective, abstract,Logical, metaphysical,profound,Rational,thoughtful
philosophical problems/issues
a philosophical argument

salvation – [U]
SYNONYM: rescue, saving, deliverance, Emancipation,liberation,pardon,redemption,restoration
1/something or someone that helps someone in a bad or dangerous situation
During the divorce, work was my salvation.
2/ the act of saving someone or something from a bad situation
the salvation of homeless teenagers

17
Q

fatigued adjective /fəˈtiːɡd/ [not usually before noun] (formal) very tired, both physically and mentally
SYNONYM exhausted, listless, weary (wearier, weariest)
The troops were already fatigued from the long forced march.

Small: minuscule, modest, paltry, microscopic, cramped
Important: valuable, substantial, extensive, critical, crucial, decisive, imperative, influential, paramount, vital
Beautiful: alluring, appealing, charming, Cute, dazzling, Delicate, delightful, elegant, exquisite, good-looking, gorgeous, handsome, lovely
Wrong: incorrect, amiss /əˈmɪs/, Awry /əˈraɪ/, bad, erroneous /əˈroʊ.ni.əs/, false, Inaccurate, misguided, mistaken, unsound, untrue
Right: accurate, precise, correct, Perfect, proper, Sure, true, valid

A

fatigued adjective /fəˈtiːɡd/ [not usually before noun] (formal) very tired, both physically and mentally
SYNONYM exhausted, listless, weary (wearier, weariest)
The troops were already fatigued from the long forced march.

Small: minuscule, modest, paltry, microscopic, cramped
Important: valuable, substantial, extensive, critical, crucial, decisive, imperative, influential, paramount, vital
Beautiful: alluring, appealing, charming, Cute, dazzling, Delicate, delightful, elegant, exquisite, good-looking, gorgeous, handsome, lovely
Wrong: incorrect, amiss /əˈmɪs/, Awry /əˈraɪ/, bad, erroneous /əˈroʊ.ni.əs/, false, Inaccurate, misguided, mistaken, unsound, untrue
Right: accurate, precise, correct, Perfect, proper, Sure, true, valid

18
Q

Normal: natural, ordinary , routine, typical

Display: denote, represent, indicate, hint, imply, mark, signify

Mediocre: commonplace, average, decent, uninspired, undistinguished, second-rate, inferior

Diligent - adj. persevering, hard-working, active, assiduous, Attentive, careful, conscientious, eager, earnest, indefatigable, Industrious, painstaking, persistent, studious. Tireless
a diligent student
Leo is very diligent in/about his work.
Their lawyer was extremely diligent in preparing their case.

A
19
Q

feasible adjective /ˈfiːzəbl/: that is possible and likely to be achieved
SYNONYM practicable, advantageous, appropriate, attainable, beneficial, expedient, viable, workable, worthwhile
a feasible plan/suggestion/idea
It’s just not feasible to manage the business on a part-time basis.

myth NOUN - UK /mɪθ/:
SYNONYM: fable, fantasy, Fiction, illusion, imagination, Legend,lore, parable, superstition,Tale,tradition
1/a story from ancient times,
SYNONYM legend
ancient Greek myths
a creation myth (= that explains how the world began)
the heroes of myth and legend
2/something wrongly believed to be true
Adjectives frequently used with myth
that many people believe: common, popular, urban, widespread
Contrary to popular myth, not everyone wants to go to university.
modern/old: modern, old
This raises another old myth about rail freight: that freight trains are slow and that road freight transportation is faster than rail.
lasting for a long time: enduring, persistent
One of the most enduring myths about Manchester is that is always rains there.
dangerous: dangerous
Neutrality is a dangerous myth, usually peddled by those who do not want their sources or agendas revealed.
Verbs frequently used with myth
prove or show a myth is not true: counter, debunk, demolish, destroy, dispel, disprove, explode, expose, scotch, shatter
‘Real Nappy Week’ is all about dispelling the myths about modern re-usable nappies.
create or spread a myth: create, peddle, perpetuate, propagate
Women’s magazines perpetuate the myth that thin is beautiful.
believe a myth: believe, buy into
Far too many people believe the myth that modern languages are superfluous because ‘the whole world speaks English’.
question whether a myth is true: challenge
The report challenges myths about food and poverty.
be based on a myth: be based on
The belief that all political careers end in failure is based on the myth that all MPs hope to become Prime Minister.
Verbs that frequently follow myth
abound, grow up, persist, remain
A myth has grown up over the last two years that this is a unilateralist administration.
USAGE NOTE
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You can use surrounding or regarding to say what a myth is about:
This article aims to dispel the myths surrounding refugees and migrant workers.

Detail [c]
detail NOUN/ˈdiːteɪl/
Explore meanings in the Dictionary
1a small fact or piece of information
Adjectives frequently used with detail
small or not important: minor, small, tiny
It’s just a tiny detail but we want to get it right.
Verbs frequently used with detail
discuss, finalize, work out, worry about
The committee met to finalize the details of the arrangements for the summer party.
USAGE NOTE
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Detail is almost always plural in these combinations:
Don’t worry about the details; we can sort them out later.
2information
Adjectives frequently used with detail
more: further, more
For further details please contact Diane Montgomery on extension 920.
complete: full
You can find out full details of all the courses by clicking one of the links above.
unpleasant: gory, graphic, sordid
The journal gives gory details of frostbite damage.
exact: exact, precise, up-to-date
You get precise details when you enrol.
basic and short: basic, brief, sketchy
Brief details are given below.
types of detail: biographical, personal, technical
Your personal details held on our database will be destroyed after 21 days.
Verbs frequently used with detail
give details: announce, disclose, divulge, enter, give, pass on, provide, publish, reveal, send, submit, supply
Enter your address details and e-mail address.
I have a couple of gig venues in mind, I’ll pass the details on to Stewart.
get details: get, obtain, receive
You can obtain details of the courses on our website.
change details: amend, update
To add or remove yourself from the list, or amend your details, please email us.
make sure details are correct: confirm
A security check will be made to confirm your details.
have details: contain
The booklet contains details of charities which may be able to help.
3all the small aspects or features that something has, considered all together
Adjectives frequently used with detail
exact or careful: considerable, great, meticulous, minute
They went into the arrangements for the day in minute detail.
USAGE NOTE
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You can say that someone who is careful about every detail has attention to detail:
His essays are good but he lacks attention to detail.
Verbs + in frequently used before detail
analyse, comment, cover, describe, discuss, examine, explain, report, review, study, talk
We’ll need to discuss the matter in detail later.
Verbs + into frequently used before detail
go
I felt the lecturer hadn’t gone into enough detail.

capitalist adjective/ˈkæpɪtəlɪst/ noun person engaged in private ownership of business
SYNONYMS FOR :Capitalist,banker, entrepreneur, financier
(also less frequent capitalistic /ˌkæpɪtəˈlɪstɪk/ based on the principles of capitalism:
a capitalist society/system/economy

sustain VERB TRANSITIVE /səˈsteɪn/
Explore meanings in the Dictionary
1/FORMAL to give someone strength, energy, or hope
A cup of coffee isn’t enough to sustain you until lunchtime.
Throughout the trial he was sustained by the support of his family.
2/provide conditions for something to happen or exist
Adverbs frequently used with sustain
with money: economically, financially
The welfare benefits are proving increasingly difficult to sustain financially.
successfully or for a long time: indefinitely, on a long-term basis, successfully
These policies could not be sustained idefinitely.
Plants represent a lifeline that is essential for successfully sustaining life on Earth.
Nouns frequently used as the object of sustain
community, economy, employment, growth, interest, life, population, relationship
Australia’s ability to sustain economic growth is likely to be compromised.
3/experience loss, injury, damage etc
Nouns frequently used as the object of sustain
casualties, damage, fracture, injury, loss, wound
One man sustained severe head injuries in the car crash.

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20
Q

uphold VERB TRANSITIVE UK /ʌpˈhəʊld/
SYNONYMS: maintain, support, Advocate, confirm, defend, encourage, endorse, hold to, justify, promote, side with, stand by,vindicate
1/ if a court of law upholds something such as a claim, it says that it is correct:
to uphold a conviction/an appeal/a complaint
The Home Secretary’s decision was upheld by the House of Lords.
2/support an idea, decision etc
Nouns frequently used as the object of uphold
a decision, especially a legal one: appeal, authority, ban, conviction, decision, finding, order, policy, ruling
This Committee upheld the decision of the LSC.
a right: freedom, interest, right
Laws have been revised to uphold press freedom.
a complaint: complaint, objection
The Federal Radio Commission (FRC) upheld the objection.
a belief: belief, claim, ideal, position, principle, values, view
They promoted themselves as a party upholding Christian values.
a standard: dignity, integrity, justice, reputation, standard, truth
It upholds standards and maintains our commitment to the very best of public service broadcasting.
a rule or law: law, rule
The University is committed to upholding the law relating to racial equality.
a tradition: tradition
He admired artists who upheld the classical traditions of painting.

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21
Q

Pick and choose - disappoving
The richest universities can pick and choose which students they take

Be handpicked for sth/to do sth: the 34-year-old Australian citizen was handpicked for the post
A foreign/overseas posting
He will use two-year posting in Singapore to encourage people to consider living and working in Scotland

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