action verbs 2

Question 1

exhibit
[transitive] exhibit something (formal) to show clearly that you have or feel a particular quality, ability, feeling or symptom
SYNONYM display
The patient exhibited signs of fatigue and memory loss.
The three novels exhibit a growing confidence in the author’s use of language.

Question 2

juicy
1/(informal) interesting because you find it exciting or it shocks you
juicy gossip
She told me all the juicy details.
2/ (informal) attractive because it will bring you a lot of money or happiness
a juicy prize

Question 3

Embrace - v
[transitive] embrace something to include something
The talks embraced a wide range of issues.
The word ‘mankind’ embraces men, women and children.
Decisions were made by reaching a consensus embracing all sectors of the financial community.

Question 4

Spare-v
1/spare sb/sth verb [T] (SAVE): to decide not to hurt or destroy something or someone:
By reducing workers’ hours, the company spared some people’s jobs.
2/spare sth verb [T] (AVOID): to avoid something:
A quiet chat about this would spare everyone embarrassment.
3/spare sth verb [T] (GIVE): to give or use something because you have enough available:
Can you spare a dollar?
-idioms
1/[try hard] spare no effort/expense to do sth: to use a lot of effort, expense, etc. to do something:
[ + to infinitive ] We will spare no effort to find out who did this
2/ to spare C1: left over or more than you need:
If you have any woolyarn to spare when you’ve finished the sweater, can you make me some gloves?
I caught the plane with only two minutes to spare.
There’s no time/We have no time to spare if we want to get the article written by tomorrow.
3/spare a thought for someone- C2: to think about someone who is in a difficult or unpleasant situation:
Spare a thought for me tomorrow, when you’re lying on a beach, because I’ll still be here in the office!

Question 5

Concentrate [transitive] concentrate something + adv./prep. to bring something together in one place
+ in Power is largely concentrated in the hands of a small elite./ Never concentrate the heat in one place for too long.
+ on We need to concentrate resources on the most run-down areas.
+ around: Fighting was concentrated around the towns to the north.

Question 6

Report - v
1/ be reported [transitive] used to show that something has been stated, and you do not know if it is true or not
be reported to do something She is reported to earn over $10 million a year.
be reported as doing something The president is reported as saying that he needs a break.
2/[news/story]: [transitive, intransitive] to present a written or spoken account of an event in a newspaper, on television, etc.
[T] report something The stabbing was widely reported in the press.
[I] report on something She reports on royal stories for the BBC.
report from something She has reported from many war zones.
report for somebody/something This is Andrew Black reporting for Channel 4 News.
3/[give information] [transitive, intransitive] to give people information about something that you have heard, seen, done, etc.
[i] report on sth The task force is due to report on its findings from the industry later this year.
[t] report sth to sb That board has 30 days to report its findings to the President.
4/[crime/accident] [ transitive ]to make an official complaint or statement about someone or something to a person in authority:
report sb/sth to sb She threatened me, and I reported her to the manager.
report sb for sth She reported him for benefit fraud.
report sth stolen/missing/lost 66 vehicles have been reported stolen during the month of April.
5/[arrive] [intransitive] to tell somebody that you have arrived, for example for work or for a meeting with somebody
report for something You should report for duty at 9.30 a.m.
report to somebody/something All visitors must report to the reception desk on arrival.
report + adv./prep. Volunteers have been instructed on where to report.
-phrasal verb: report back (on something) (to somebody): to give somebody information about something that they have asked you to find out about
Find out as much as you can about him and report back to me./ One person in the group should be prepared to report back to the class on your discussion.
report back that… They reported back that no laws had actually been broken.

Question 7

-expedite [process, implementation] expedite something verb /ˈekspədaɪt/ (formal): to make a process happen more quickly
SYNONYM speed up
We have developed rapid order processing to expedite deliveries to customers.
- expedition noun /ˌekspəˈdɪʃn/ an organized journey with a particular purpose, especially to find out about a place that is not well known
to plan/lead/go on an expedition
expedition to something Captain Scott’s expedition to the South Pole
on an expedition Hawkins had died on the same expedition a few weeks earlier.

Question 8

Experiment –[I]
1/ [intransitive] to do a scientific experiment or experiments
experiment on somebody/something Some people feel that experimenting on animals is wrong.
experiment with something The country had secretly experimented with biological weapons for years.
2/ [intransitive] to try or test new ideas, methods, etc. to find out what effect they have
I experimented until I got the recipe just right.
experiment with something She had experimented with drugs when she was at college.

Question 9

-finance [T]: to provide money for a projectSYNONYM fund
finance something He took a job to finance his stay in Germany.
The building project will be financed by the government.
be financed through something The research is financed through government grants.
be financed with something Today just 10% of car purchases are financed with loans.
-refinance (something: Debt mortgage) to borrow money in order to pay a debt

Question 10

handicap verb /ˈhændikæp/ [usually passive]
to make something more difficult for somebody to do
be handicapped (by something) Smaller parties are seriously handicapped by the electoral system.
The team was handicapped by the loss of their key striker early in the game.

Question 11

Formalize –v [T]
1/formalize something to make an arrangement, a plan or a relationship official
They decided to formalize their relationship by getting married.
Questions about grammar and vocabulary?
2/formalize something to give something a fixed structure or form by introducing rules
The college has a highly formalized system of assessment.

Question 12

Formulate [T]: SYN: Articulate :formulate something to express your ideas in carefully chosen words She has lots of good ideas, but she has difficulty formulating them.
He struggled to formulate an answer.

Question 13

Guide [T]
1/[influence behaviour/development]
guide somebody/something to direct or influence somebody’s behaviour or the development of something
He was always guided by his religious beliefs.
The following principles guided the development of the project.
2/ [explain]
guide somebody (through something) to explain something to somebody, especially something complicated or difficult
The health and safety officer will guide you through the safety procedures.
Olson does a good job guiding the reader through the complex issues involved.
3/ [help somebody/something move]
guide somebody/something (+ adv./prep.) to help somebody/something to move in a particular direction; to move something in a particular direction
She took her arm and guided her across the busy road.
He guided her hand to his face.
The nurse guided the needle into position.
4/ [show the way]
to show somebody the way to a place, often by going with them; to show somebody a place that you know well
guide somebody It’s a dangerous route—you’ll need someone to guide you.
guide somebody to something Sherpas guide climbers to the summit.
guide somebody through something She guided us through the busy streets.
guide somebody around something We were guided around the museums.

Question 14

-Halt /hɔːlt/ [I, T] : to stop; to make somebody/something stop
[I]She walked towards him and then halted.
‘Halt!’ the Major ordered (= used as a command to soldiers).
[T] halt somebody/something The police were halting traffic on the parade route.
The trial was halted after the first week.
-IDIOMS: stop/halt somebody in their tracks | stop/halt/freeze in your tracks
to suddenly make somebody stop by frightening or surprising them; to suddenly stop because something has frightened or surprised you
The question stopped Alice in her tracks.

Question 15

Honor –v
1/ [keep promise]honor something (formal) to do what you have agreed or promised to do
I have every intention of honoring our contract.
She is determined to honor her husband’s dying wish.
2/ [give award]to give public praise, an award or a title to somebody for something they have done
be honored She has never been properly honored in her own country.
be honored (with something) (for something) He has been honored with an award for his charity work.
honor somebody/something (by doing something) The town has honored his bravery by erecting a memorial.
3/ be/feel honored (to do something): to feel proud and happy
I was honored to have been mentioned in his speech.

Question 16

Inform –v
1/inform yourself (of/about something) to find out information about something
We need time to inform ourselves thoroughly of the problem.
2/inform something (formal) to have an influence on something
Religion informs every aspect of their lives.
These guidelines will be used to inform any future decisions.

Question 17

Introduce [T] [new experience]
to make somebody learn about something or do something for the first time
introduce somebody to something The first lecture introduces students to the main topics of the course.
introduce something to somebody It was she who first introduced the pleasures of sailing to me.
He was first introduced to drugs by his elder brother.
She has developed her love of archery since being introduced to the sport by a workmate.

Question 18

invent something [T] to say or describe something that is not true, especially in order to trick people
What excuse did he invent this time?
Many children invent an imaginary friend.

Question 19

Epitomize verb [ T ] (SYN encapsulate, typify) /ɪˈpɪt̬.ə.maɪz/to be a perfect example of a quality or type of thing:
With little equipment and unsuitable footwear, she epitomizes the inexperienced and unprepared mountain walker.
She encapsulates the stereotyped image that the British have of Americans.
This trial typifies the problems juries face all the time.

Question 20

Prescribe sth verb (MAKE RULE) /prɪˈskraɪb/ [ T ] formal: to tell someone what they must have or do, or to make a rule of something:
Penalties for not paying taxes are prescribed by law.
[ + that ] The law prescribes that all children must go to school.
[ + question word ] Grammatical rules prescribe how words may be used together.

Question 21

Lead –v
1/[transitive] to be the reason why somebody does or thinks something
lead somebody (to something) What led you to this conclusion?
He’s too easily led (= easily persuaded to do or think something).
lead somebody to do something Circumstances eventually led her to train as a doctor.
The situation is far worse than we had been led to believe.
2/ [be best/first]
[transitive, intransitive] to be the best at something; to be in first place
lead (somebody/something) (in something) The department led the world in cancer research.
We lead the way in space technology.
lead (somebody/something) by something The champion is leading (her nearest rival) by 18 seconds.
3/[process] [transitive] lead something to cause a process to start
The recent economic recovery was almost entirely led by exports.

Question 22

-Locate – v [T]:
1/locate something + adv./prep. to put or build something in a particular place
SYN: site: be sited + adv./prep. The castle is magnificently sited high up on a cliff.
They located their headquarters in Swindon.
2/ [intransitive] + adv./prep. (especially North American English) to start a business in a particular place
There are tax breaks for businesses that locate in rural areas.
-relocate sth to …: (especially of a company or workers) to move or to move somebody/something to a new place to work or operate: Our offices are to be relocated to Newcastle.

Answer 22

a

Question 23

Lecture –v
1/[intransitive] to give a talk or a series of talks to a group of people on a subject, especially as a way of teaching in a university or college
He has taught and lectured at the University of Pretoria.
lecture on something He lectures on Islamic history at Birkbeck College.
lecture in something She lectures in Russian literature.
lecture to somebody a live broadcast of the professor lecturing to students
2/ [transitive] to criticize somebody or tell them how you think they should behave, especially when it is done in an annoying way
lecture somebody Don’t start lecturing me!
lecture somebody about/on something He’s always lecturing me about the way I dress.
lecture somebody about doing something She lectured me about taking responsibility for my actions.

Question 24

Inventory verb [ T ]
to make a detailed list of all the goods and property owned by a person or a business:
The judge ordered that all property should be inventoried before any more sales were made.
I’ve inventoried my father’s collection of prints./ Every book was inventoried.

Question 25

interpret verb /ɪnˈtɜːprət/
1/ [transitive] interpret something to explain the meaning of something
The students were asked to interpret the poem.
The data can be interpreted in many different ways.
These results must be interpreted cautiously.
2/ [transitive] to decide that something has a particular meaning and to understand it in this way
interpret something as something I didn’t know whether to interpret her silence as acceptance or refusal.
interpret something The research focused on how parents interpret the behaviour of their toddlers.
3/ [intransitive, transitive] to translate one language into another as it is spoken
He took me with him to interpret in case no one spoke English.
[I] interpret for somebody She couldn’t speak much English so her children had to interpret for her.
[T] interpret something Interpreters must interpret everything that is said in the interaction.

Question 26

Integrate [intransitive, transitive] to become or make somebody become accepted as a member of a social group, especially when they come from a different culture
[I] integrate (into/with something) They have not made any effort to integrate with the local community.
[T] integrate somebody (into/with something) The policy is to integrate children with special needs into ordinary schools.

Question 27

Initiate - v
initiate somebody (into something) to explain something to somebody and/or make them experience it for the first time
Many of them had been initiated into drug use at an early age.
His uncle initiated him into the pleasures of sailing.

Question 28

Improvise -verb [ I or T ]/ˈɪm.prə.vaɪz/
1/to invent or make something, such as a speech or a device, at the time when it is needed without already having planned it:
[I] I hadn’t prepared a speech so I suddenly had to improvise.
[T] We improvised a mattress from a pile of blankets.
2/ [I] When actors or musicians improvise, they perform without prepared speech or music, making up the play, music, etc. as they perform it:
During certain scenes of the play there isn’t any script and the actors just improvise (the dialogue).

Question 29

Elaborate- transitive verb: to develop a plan, an idea, etc. and make it complicated or detailed = to work out in detail : DEVELOP
elaborate a theory/ In his plays he takes simple traditional tales and elaborates them.

Question 30

Graduate [intransitive] : graduate (from something) to something to start doing something more difficult or important than what you were doing before
She recently graduated from being a dancer to having a small role in a movie.

Question 31

Govern –v
1/[transitive, often passive] govern something to control or influence somebody/something or how something happens, functions, etc.
We need changes in the law governing school attendance.
Prices are governed by market demand.
2/ [transitive, intransitive] govern (something) to legally control a country or its people and be responsible for introducing new laws, organizing public services, etc.
The country is governed by elected representatives of the people.
He accused the opposition party of being unfit to govern.

Question 32

Found –v [v2/3: founded]
1/ [usually passive] to base something on something
be founded on something Their marriage was founded on love and mutual respect.
2/ found something to start something, such as an organization or an institution, especially by providing money
SYNONYM establish
to found a club/company/school
the founding members of the European Union

Question 33

Pace –v
1/ [intransitive, transitive] to walk up and down in a small area many times, especially because you are feeling nervous or angry
+ adv./prep. She paced up and down outside the room.
I paced nervously back and forth across the room.
pace something Ted paced the floor restlessly.
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadverb
* slowly
* anxiously
* nervously
* …
verb + pace
* begin to
preposition
* about
* around
* round
* …
phrases
* begin pacing
2/ [transitive] pace something to set the speed at which something happens or develops
He paced his game skilfully.
One runner was selected to pace the race.
3/ [transitive] pace yourself to find the right speed or rhythm for your work or an activity so that you have enough energy to do what you have to do
He’ll have to learn to pace himself in this job.

Question 34

Scope v
1/ scope something (informal) to look at or examine something carefully and completely
His eyes scoped the room, trying to spot her in the crowd.
2/ to examine something carefully before you start work on it so that you know the size of the task
scope something The information helped us scope the project.
scope something out They had already scoped out project needs and costs.
-n: [SYN potential]: the opportunity or ability to do or achieve something:
scope for something There’s still plenty of scope for improvement.
Her job offers very little scope for promotion.
scope (for somebody) (to do something) The extra money will give us the scope to improve our facilities.
within somebody’s scope First try to do something that is within your scope.

Question 35

Panel –v
panel verb /ˈpænl/ [usually passive]: to cover or decorate a surface with flat pieces of wood, glass, etc.
be panelled (in something) The walls were panelled in oak.
a glass-/wood-panelled door
Panel –n
1/ [countable + singular or plural verb] a group of specialists who give their advice or opinion about something; a group of people who discuss topics of interest on television or radio
an advisory/judging panel: She is a member of the medical advisory panel.
a panel of experts/judges
on a panel We have two politicians on tonight’s panel.
a panel discussion
adjective
* all-star
* blue-ribbon
* distinguished
* …
verb + panel
* appoint
* assemble
* convene
* …
panel + verb
* be drawn from somebody/something
* consist of somebody/something
* include somebody/something
* …
panel + noun
* member
* moderator
* interview
* …
preposition
* on a/the panel
* panel on
phrases
* a member of a panel
* a panel of experts
* a panel of judges
* …

Question 36

-Aim –n
take aim at somebody/something
(North American English) to direct your criticism at somebody/something
-Aim-v
1/ [transitive] be aimed at doing something to have something as an aim
The initiative is specifically aimed at helping young people.
These measures are aimed at preventing violent crime.
2/ [transitive, usually passive] to say or do something that is intended to influence or affect a particular person or group
be aimed at somebody The courses are aimed primarily at older people.
My criticism wasn’t aimed at you.
The book is aimed at very young children.

Question 37

Remedy -verb [ T ] formal /ˈrem.ə.di/: to do something to correct or improve something that is wrong:
This mistake must be remedied immediately.
-N:
1/[SOLUTION]:
remedy for something There is no simple remedy for unemployment.
remedy to something There are a number of possible remedies to this problem.
2/a successful way of curing an illness or dealing with a problem or difficulty:
remedy for something: an effective herbal remedy for headaches
The best remedy for grief is hard work.
3/ legal remedy (against sth) LAW specialized
a way of solving a problem or ordering someone to make a payment for harm or damage they have caused, using a decision made in a law court:
legal remedy for We have exhausted all possible legal remedies for this injustice.

Answer 37

A

Question 38

Subside –v /səbˈsaɪd/
1/[intransitive] to become calmer, quieter or less intense
Pain/anger | rain/storm | laughter: She waited nervously for his anger to subside.
2/ [intransitive] (of land or a building) to sink to a lower level; to sink lower into the ground
Weak foundations caused the house to subside.
3/ [intransitive] (of water) to go back to a normal level
The flood waters gradually subsided.

Question 39

Faction /ˈfækʃn/ [countable] a small group of people within a larger one, whose members have some different aims and beliefs to those of the larger group
There are rival/warring factions within the administration.
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
* dominant
* main
* major
* …
verb + faction
* lead
preposition
* faction in
* faction within

Question 40

Bloom, blossom, flower
1/ [intransitive] to become healthy, happy or confident
SYNONYM blossom
The children had bloomed during their stay on the farm.
blossom into something Their friendship blossomed into love.
2/ [intransitive] to produce flowers: This particular variety flowers in July.

Question 41

Content –v [T]
1/content yourself with something to accept and be satisfied with something and not try to have or do something better
Martina contented herself with a bowl of soup.
The crowd contented themselves with shouting insults.
2/content somebody (formal) to make somebody feel happy or satisfied
My apology seemed to content him.
Nothing would content her.

Question 42

per diem -noun [ C ] WORKPLACE formal
an amount of money paid for each day that an employee works away from their home or their office, used to pay for food, travelling, etc.:
State workers when traveling are entitled to $40 per diems.
-per diem - adverb formal: used after an amount of money to mean ‘for each day’:
They attend meetings about once a month, for which they receive $100 per diem plus expenses.
-per diem adjective formal for each day:
per diem allowance/payment/rate City officials received per diem payments of about $890 each.

Question 43

[inventory/stock/supply] replenish something (with something) verb /rɪˈplenɪʃ/ (formal) SYNONYM top up
to make something full again by replacing what has been used
to replenish food and water supplies
Allow me to replenish your glass.

Question 44

Score – v
1/[succeed] [transitive, intransitive] to succeed; to have an advantage
score (something) The army continued to score successes in the south.
Lewis scored a win with a hugely funny sketch about a car salesman.
She’s scored again with her latest blockbuster.
score over something Bicycles score over other forms of transport in towns.
2/[have sex] [intransitive] score (with somebody) (slang) (especially of a man) to have sex with a new partner
Did you score last night?
3/ score a point/points (off/against/over somebody)
to show that you are better than somebody, especially by making clever remarks, for example in an argument
He was always trying to score points off his teachers.

Question 45

Service –v
1/ vehicle/machine [usually passive] to examine a vehicle or machine and repair it if necessary so that it continues to work correctly
have something serviced We need to have the car serviced.
be serviced Make sure your boiler is serviced regularly.
2/ [provide something] [often passive] to provide people with something they need, such as shops, or a transport system
SYNONYM serve
2.a/ to provide services to or for someone: We’re quite happy to service our customers wherever they are./ Together they service 46 buildings, including 37 schools.
2.b/ to provide transport, communications, etc. systems in an area:
The village is small, unspoilt and well serviced./ Botley is well serviced by a regular bus route into Oxford.
3/[pay interest] pay interest
service something (finance) to pay interest on money that has been borrowed
The company can no longer service its debts.
n- services [ plural ] UK: a place at the side of a large road at which fuel, food, drink, and other things that people want on their journey are sold:
We stopped at the services to get fuel.

Question 46

Evade –v
1/ [press, police, capture] evade (doing) something to escape from somebody/something or avoid meeting somebody
For two weeks they evaded the press.
He managed to evade capture.
They narrowly evaded a police car which was approaching.
2/ evade the issue, question,problem etc. to intentionally not talk about something or not answer something:
evade something Come on, don’t you think you’re evading the issue?
evade doing something to evade answering a question
3/[ taxes/fees/fares/ responsibility] evade (doing) something to find a way of not doing something, especially something that legally or morally you should do
The defendant had tried to evade payment of taxes.
She is trying to evade all responsibility for her behaviour.
He never sought to evade his responsibilities.

Question 47

Invade-v
1/[transitive] invade something to enter a place in large numbers, especially in a way that causes damage or problems
Demonstrators invaded the government buildings.
As the final whistle blew, fans began invading the field.
2/[policy]
3/[take control of a country/town]

Question 48

Work to do something: idioms- means to make an effort or take action in order to achieve a particular goal or outcome.: We’re working to soon make Threads compatible with the open, interoperable social networks that we believe can shape the future of the internet.

hit the jackpot – idiom
1/to win the largest prize in a competition or game
2/to have a big success or make a big profit, usually through luck:
He seems to have hit the jackpot with his new invention.

be heading for something (also be headed for something): to be likely to experience something bad: They look as though they’re heading for divorce.

On the shelf
1/ not noticed or not used:
It’s important to apply research in a practical way and not leave it on the shelf.
2/ mainly UK informal
If someone, usually a woman, is on the shelf, she is not married and is considered too old for anyone to want to marry her:
In those days, if you hadn’t married by the time you were 30, you were definitely on the shelf.

Question 49

Maintain [T]
1/maintain somebody/something to support somebody/something over a long period of time by giving money, paying for food, etc.
SYNONYM keep
Her income was barely enough to maintain one child, let alone three.
2/ to keep stating that something is true, even though other people do not agree or do not believe it
SYNONYM insist
maintain something She has always maintained her innocence.
maintain (that)… The men maintained (that) they were out of the country when the crime was committed.
It is difficult to maintain that such a harsh punishment was justified.

Let alone: used after a negative statement to emphasize how unlikely a situation is because something much more likely has never happened:
“he was incapable of leading a bowling team, let alone a country”
Some people never even read a newspaper, let alone a book.