13/8 Flashcards
Mountains:
Glacier /ˈɡleɪ.ʃɚ/: sông băng
Track/pass (path): a ten-mile stretch of track / a mountain pass
Boulder /ˈboʊl.dɚ/: a very large rock
Scree /skriː/ (SYN talus /ˈteɪ.ləs/): đá vụn
Conifer /ˈkɑː.nə.fɚ/: cây tùng bách: one of various types of evergreen tree (= one that never loses its leaves) that produce hard oval-shaped fruit called cones
Pasture /ˈpæs.tʃɚ/: đồng cỏ
Clearing/glade: trảng = khoảng đất rộng (có ít hoặc không có cây.)giữa rừng hoặc giữa hai khu rừng.
Tributary /ˈtrɪb.jə.ter.i/: phụ lưu: a river or stream that flows into a larger river or a lake
slope: đoạn dốc: mountain slope — sườn núi
foothills
the snow line
ridge: sống (núi)
summit/peak
treeline: (on a mountain) the line or altitude above which no trees grow.
Source: nguồn (sông, suối,…)
Precipice (/ˈpres.ə.pɪs/): vách đứng (núi đá)
Plateau / plætˈoʊ/: cao nguyên
Canyon /ˈkæn.jən/ | gorge /ɡɔːrdʒ/ : hẻm núi
Rift (= cleft /kleft/): Khe hỡ, vết nứt
Vs.
-A gulf is much larger than a bay: vịnh biển: là vùng nước nằm sâu nhoi vào đất liền, được đất liền bao bọc ở ba phía.
1/Gulf : (1/vịnh biển : the Gulf of Mexico ; 2/hố sâu, vực thẳm (=chasm /ˈkæz.əm/) : They leaned over the rails and peered down into the dizzying chasm below.)
2/bay:vịnh viển: San Francisco Bay, the Bay of Naples
-Canal /kəˈnæl/: the Panama/Suez Canal | an irrigation canal
- strait /streɪt/: eo biển: Eo biển là đường biển tự nhiên dài và hẹp nằm ở giữa hai khoảng đất, thường là hai lục địa nối liền hai vùng biển với nhau.: “the Strait of Gibraltar” /dʒɪˈbrɔːl.tər/
- isthmus /ˈɪsθ.məs/ eo đất: : the Isthmus of Panama (Eo đất là một dải đất hẹp nối hai vùng đất lớn hơn lại với nhau và được bao bọc bởi hai khối nước ở hai bên): the Isthmus of Panama
- peninsula /pəˈnɪn.sə.lə/: bán đảo: the Korean/Arabian/Florida Peninsula (Bán đảo là phần đất liền nằm nhô ra khỏi mặt nước biển, với nhiều mặt tiếp xúc với nước. Phần đất liền gắn với bán đảo có diện tích lớn hơn.)
a
Cooking: [often passive]
-GrateD (using grater) [transitive] grate something to rub food against a grater (noun) in order to cut it into small pieces
grated apple/carrot/cheese, etc.
Grate the cheese and sprinkle it over the tomatoes.
-boilED sth: (using saucepan = pot)
-Broiling is a cooking method often done in ovens, (Using oven): -roasted/broiled [T]: broiled chicken | -baked sth (bun tin/muffin pan) : bake (something) to bake bread/biscuits/cookies
-fried sth: (using frying pan)
-steamed [T] (using steamer, pressure cooker): [transitive, intransitive] steam (something) to place food over boiling water so that it cooks in the steam; to be cooked in this way
steamed fish
- flambéED /ˈflɒmbeɪd/: ĐỐT RƯỢU [T] flambé something to cover food with alcohol, especially brandy, and allow it to burn for a short time: Add the brandy and tilt the frying pan to flambé the mushrooms./ flambéed pears
- barbecueD (something): (using barbecue, tongs): to cook food on a barbecue
-grillED : [T] [over fire or hot coals]: to cook food over fire or hot coals, usually on a metal frame: Grill the sausages for ten minutes./grilled bacon
- griddleD /ˈɡrɪdld/ nướng vỉ ( using griddle) [T] griddle something to cook food on a flat iron plate on a cooker or over a fire:
- layerED something [T] to arrange something in layers
Layer the potatoes and onions in a dish.
The meat and potatoes are layered in a shallow dish.
-spread (spread) [t]: to put a layer of a substance onto the surface of something; to be able to be put onto a surface:
spread (A on/over B) to spread butter on pieces of toast
-rollED out [T]: to make something flat by pushing something over it
Roll out the pastry.
Thinly roll out a little icing of each colour.
-whipPED [transitive] to mix cream, etc. very quickly until it becomes stiff
whip something Serve the pie with whipped cream.
Lightly whip the egg whites and add them to the mixture.
whip something up Whip the egg whites up into stiff peaks.
- kneadED /ˈniːdɪd/ [T] knead something to press and stretch dough, wet clay, etc. with your hands to make it ready to use
Add the water and knead the mixture well.
- sautéED /ˈsəʊteɪd/: áp chảo: [t] sauté something to fry food quickly in a little hot fat
- stir-fried: xào (using wok /wɒk/) : [I, t] to fry small pieces of meat, vegetables, etc. quickly while mixing them around: Stir-fry the chicken for one minute, then add the vegetables.
- poachED /pəʊtʃt/ [T] CHẦN (CÁ, TRỨNG..)
1/ CHẦN CÁ,GÀ [ transitive] poach something to cook food, especially fish, gently in a small amount of liquid
poached salmon
chicken poached in white wine
2/ TRỨNG CHẦN [transitive] poach something to cook an egg gently in nearly boiling water after removing its shell
-stirRED [transitive] to move a liquid or substance around, using a spoon or something similar, in order to mix it completely
stir something She stirred her tea./Stir the paint before you use it.
stir something into something The vegetables are stirred into the rice while it is hot.
stir something in Stir in the milk until the sauce thickens.
-dipPED [transitive] to put something quickly into a liquid and take it out again
dip something (into something) He dipped the brush into the paint.
dip something (in) Dip your hand in to see how hot the water is.
The fruit had been dipped in chocolate.
-simmerED /ˈsɪməd/: NINH (Là cách chế biến thực phẩm cứng, dai và nước sôi trong thời gian dài để thực phẩm tiết ra nhiều chất ngọt như: ninh xương,…) [transitive, intransitive] simmer (something) to cook something by keeping it almost at boiling point; to be cooked in this way
Simmer the sauce gently for 10 minutes./ Leave the soup to simmer.
-stewED /stjuːd/ (=casseroleD /ˈkæsərəʊld/ ) HẦM (using casserole/ˈkæsərəʊl/) (các món hầm thường được hầm chung với các loại rau): [transitive, intransitive] stew (something) to cook something slowly in liquid in a closed dish; (of food) to be cooked in this way:
stewed apples/The meat needs to stew for two hours.
lamb casseroled with mushrooms, garlic and rosemary
- braised sth /breɪzd/ [T] om/kho/rim: to cook food slowly in a covered dish in a little fat and liquid:
braised celery
Braise the lamb in wine.
Parts of beef:
Beef cakes: chả bò
Beef chuck: nạc vai
beef tendon : gân bò
beef rib: sườn bò
beef brisket: gầu bò
beef plate: ba chỉ bò
beef shrank: bắp bò
ingredients: satay, Hoisin sauce (tương đen) /ˈhɔɪzɪn/, hot Sriracha sauce (tương ớt)
adj: (of beef meat) : tender >< tough
dipping bowls ; dipping sauce
a
man Hairstyle :
Crew cut (clean-shaven)
Shaved head (stubble)
Bald head (moustache)
Receding hairline (beard): If a man has a receding hairline, he is losing the hair from the front of his head
Long hair (goatee, sideburns)
Dreadlocks
Cornrows
Spiky hair:
woman Hairstyle :
Bob (straight hair)
Wavy hair (widow’s peak: chỏm (tóc) của góa phụ)
Curly hair (ringlet: lọn tóc quăn)
Plait/braid: bím
Bun
Pigtails/braids (fringe/bangs: tóc cắt ngang trán)
Bunches (parting/part)
ponytail
-eyes:
pop-eyed /ˌpɒp ˈaɪd/: mắt tròn xoe (thường vì ngạc nhiên)
pig-eyed /ˈpɪɡi/ (n: piggy eyes): mắt ti hí, mí mắt trùng thấp xuống phần con ngươi mắt
boss-eyed /ˌbɒs ˈaɪd/ = cross-eyed /ˌkrɒs ˈaɪd/: mắt lác/lé
bug-eyed /ˈbʌɡ ˌaɪd/: mắt lồi to
-hair style:
bald head /bɔːld hed/: hói
crew cut /kru kʌt/: đầu đinh
cropped hair /ˌkrɒpt heə(r)/: tóc cắt ngắn
shaved head /ʃeɪvd hed/: tóc húi cua
undercut /ˌʌndə(r)ˈkʌt/: kiểu tóc cắt ngắn ở phần dưới, để dài hơn ở trên đỉnh
top knot: ( = undercut bun)
slicked-back hair
b/ Kiểu tóc cho nữ (Women’s hairstyles)
bun /bʌn/: tóc búi cao
bunch /bʌntʃ/: tóc buộc cao ( hai sừng)
pigtail. /ˈpɪɡteɪl/. tóc bím
dreadlocks /ˈdredˌlɒks/: tóc uốn lọn dài
layered hair /ˈleɪə(r)d heə(r)/: tóc tỉa nhiều lớp
ponytail /ˈpəʊniˌteɪl/: tóc buộc đuôi ngựa
-chin/jaw:
pointed chin /ˈpɔɪntɪd tʃɪn/: cằm nhọn
cleft chin /kleft tʃɪn/: cằm chẻ
-6. Từ vựng về trán (Forehead)
curved forehead /kɜː(r)vd ˈfɔː(r)ˌhed/: trán dô
7. Một số từ chỉ đặc điểm khuôn mặt khác
moles (plural) /məʊl/: nốt ruồi
freckles (plural) /ˈfrekl/: tàn nhang
dimples /ˈdɪmp(ə)lz/: lúm đồng tiền
a
Strained [t]
1/separate solid from liquid
[transitive] to pour food, etc. through something with very small holes in it, for example a sieve, in order to separate the solid part from the liquid part
strain something Use a colander to strain the vegetables.
Strain the juice from the cherries into a small saucepan.
strain something off Strain off any excess liquid.
2/ injure
[transitive] strain something/yourself to injure yourself or part of your body by making it work too hard
to strain a muscle
You’ll strain your back carrying those heavy suitcases.
3/ (MONEY) C2 [ T ]
to cause too much of something to be used, especially money:
Increases in wholesale oil prices have strained the company’s finances.
CrumbleD /ˈkrʌmbld/:
1/ [I, T] to break or break something into very small pieces
Rice flour makes the cake less likely to crumble.
[T] crumble something Crumble the cheese over the salad.
She crumbled the dry earth into fine powdery dust.
2/[intransitive] if a building or piece of land is crumbling, parts of it are breaking off
buildings crumbling into dust
crumbling stonework
The cliff is gradually crumbling away.
They live in a crumbling old mansion.
3/ FIGURATIVE [intransitive] to begin to fail or get weaker or to come to an end
a crumbling business/relationship
crumble away All his hopes began to crumble away.
crumble into/to something The empire finally crumbled into dust.
Loomed [i]: lờ mờ
1/ [intransitive] (+ adv./prep.) to appear as a large shape that is not clear, especially in a frightening way
A dark shape loomed up ahead of us.
2/ [intransitive] (of something bad) to appear serious and likely to happen soon
There was a crisis looming.
scrubbed [t,i] to clean something by rubbing it hard, especially with a brush and usually with soap and water
scrub something/yourself I found him in the kitchen, scrubbing the floor.
He stepped into the shower and scrubbed himself all over.
scrub something/yourself down She scrubbed the counters down with bleach.
scrub at something The woman scrubbed at her face with a tissue.
scrub something/yourself + adj. Scrub the vegetables clean.
-rinsed (t): to wash sth with clean water only, not using soap
Rinse the cooked pasta with boiling water
Clashed
1/[ I usually + adv/prep ]
to fight or argue:
Students clashed with police after demonstrations at five universities.
The government and the opposition parties have clashed over the cuts in defence spending.
2/ [ I ] different
If two opinions, statements, or qualities clash, they are very different from each other:
This latest statement from the White House clashes with important aspects of US foreign policy.
3/ (events: HAPPEN TOGETHER) C2 [ I not continuous ] UK
If two events clash, they happen at the same time in a way that is not convenient:
Her party clashes with my brother’s wedding, so I won’t be able to go.
4/ of colours
[intransitive] clash (with something) (of colours, patterns or styles) to look ugly when put together
The wallpaper clashes with the carpet.
The wallpaper and the carpet clash.
Do you think these colours clash?
-single bed: bedding (sheet, blanket), bedspread: khăn trải giường (above sheet), valance: diềm
-bunk beds
-four-poster bed (bedpost, canopy Màn trướng (treo trên bàn thờ, trước giường), patchwork quilt: miếng vải chắp vá)
-divan /dɪˈvæn/ (base, mattress)
-cradle : nôi
-cot/crib: giường cũi
-: Baby Carriage
a
Trailed
1/ (MOVE SLOWLY)
1.a/[ I or T, usually + adv/prep ]
to (allow something to) move slowly along the ground or through the air or water, after someone or something:
Katherine, your skirt’s trailing in the mud!
As the boat moved along, he trailed his hand in the water.
1.b/ C2 [ I usually + adv/prep ]
to move slowly and without energy or enthusiasm:
The delegates trailed back into the conference room for the afternoon session.
After a mile or two the youngest children were trailing behind.
2/[transitive] trail somebody/something to follow somebody/something by looking for signs that show you where they have been
The police trailed Dale for days.
They spent three hours trailing a deer through the woods.
Sharks were trailing the ship.
littered /ˈlɪtəd/[ transitive, usually passive, intransitive] to leave things in a place, making it look untidy
be littered with something The floor was littered with papers.
He was arrested for littering.
Racked [T, often passive]::hành hạ, đau nhói: to make somebody suffer great physical or mental pain
be racked by/with something: to be racked with/by guilt | Her face was racked with pain.
rack somebody/something Violent sobs racked her whole body.
a
StiffED sb–v [T]: to not pay someone money that you owe them :
She stiffed the cab driver./ These people are taxed on the tips they make. When you stiff ’em, you cost them money.
-Ballooned
1/[intransitive] balloon (out/up) to form a round shape
Her skirt ballooned out in the wind.
2/[intransitive] to increase rapidly
Unemployment ballooned to fourteen per cent.
3/[intransitive] (usually go ballooning)
to travel in a hot-air balloon as a sport or for entertainment
-bubbled /ˈbʌbld/
1/[intransitive] to form bubbles
The water in the pan was beginning to bubble.
Cook until the cheese is golden and bubbling.
bubble up Add the white wine and let it bubble up.
2/[have quality] [intransitive] bubble (over) with something: to have a lot of a particular quality, especially excitement or enthusiasm:
He was like a schoolboy, constantly bubbling with enthusiasm and new ideas.
She was bubbling over with excitement.
The business was still small but I was bubbling with ideas.
-hit
-beat (beat, beaten) [I, t]: to hit somebody/something a lot of times, especially very hard:
Someone was beating at the door.
A young man was found beaten to death last night.
-bumped [i] hit somebody/something by accident:
In the darkness I bumped into a chair.
-knocked [T]: to hit something so that it moves or breaks; to put somebody/something into a particular state or position by hitting them/it:
Someone had knocked a hole in the wall.
-banged [T] to hit something in a way that makes a loud noise:
The baby was banging the table with his spoon.
-struck (strike) [T[ (formal) to hit somebody/something hard:
The ship struck a rock.
-Bashed (informal)
[transitive, intransitive] to hit somebody/something very hard
bash somebody/something + adv./prep. He stood up, bashing his head on the ceiling.
The lifeboats are constantly bashed about by rocks and floating debris.
bash into somebody/something I braked too late and bashed into the car in front.
-Battered [intransitive, transitive, often passive]: to hit somebody/something hard many times, especially in a way that causes serious damage
batter at/on something She battered at the door with her fists.
batter against something The waves battered against the ship.
batter somebody He had been badly battered around the head and face.
batter something Severe winds have been battering the north coast.
The victim had been battered to death.
-hammered [t] to hit somebody/something hard a lot of times, in a way that is noisy or violent:
He hammered the door with his fists.
-lashed [i] to hit somebody/something with a lot of force:
The rain lashed at the window.
-pounded [i] pound to hit somebody/something hard a lot of times, especially in a way that makes a lot of noise:
Heavy rain pounded on the roof.
-Splashed /splæʃt/ [intransitive] + adv./prep. (of liquid) to fall noisily onto a surface
Water splashed onto the floor.
Rain splashed against the windows.
Big tears ran down her cheeks and splashed onto the paper.
a
Beamed
1/[intransitive, transitive, no passive] to have a big happy smile on your face
beam (at somebody) He beamed at the journalists.
beam (with something) She was positively beaming with pleasure.
beam something (at somebody) The barman beamed a warm smile at her.
2/[transitive] beam something + adv./prep. to send radio or television signals over long distances using electronic equipment
Live pictures of the ceremony were beamed around the world.
Blabbed
blab (to somebody) (about something) | blab (something) (to somebody) to tell somebody information that should be kept secret
Someone must have blabbed to the police.
Try not to blab the whole story.
Blasted
*/ explore
[transitive, intransitive] blast (something) (+ adv./prep.) to violently destroy or break something into pieces, using explosives
They blasted a huge crater in the runway.
They had to blast a tunnel through the mountain.
All the windows were blasted inwards with the force of the explosion.
The jumbo jet was blasted out of the sky.
1/make loud noise
[intransitive, transitive] to make a loud unpleasant noise, especially music
blast (out) Music suddenly blasted out from the speakers.
blast something (out) The radio blasted out rock music at full volume.
2/hit/kick/shoot
[transitive] blast somebody/something (+ adv./prep.) (informal) to hit, kick or shoot somebody/something with a lot of force
He blasted the ball past the goalie.
He blasted (= shot) the policeman right between the eyes.
3/criticize
[transitive] blast somebody/something (for something/for doing something) (informal) to criticize somebody/something severely
The movie was blasted by all the critics.
Brooded
[intransitive] brood (over/on/about something) to think a lot about something that makes you annoyed, anxious or upset
You’re not still brooding over what he said, are you?
FlickED
1/[transitive] flick something + adv./prep. to hit something lightly with a sudden quick movement, especially using your finger and thumb together, or your hand
She flicked the dust off her collar.
The horse was flicking flies away with its tail.
James flicked a peanut at her.
Please don’t flick ash on the carpet!
2/ [I + usually adv./prep.] to move or make something move with sudden quick movements
+ adv./prep. The snake’s tongue flicked out.
Her eyes flicked from face to face.
The horse moved off, flicking its tail.
Windscreen wipers flick from side to side.
-NOTICE: please cigarettes /ˈsɪɡəret/, cigar /sɪˈɡɑːr/ butts and ashes in receptacles /rɪˈsep.tə.kəl/
-ashtray
-[without paper] cigar a roll of dried tobacco leaves that people smoke, like a cigarette but bigger and without paper around it
-[paper] cigarette a thin tube of paper filled with tobacco, for smoking
- tobacco noun /təˈbækəʊ/: the dried leaves of the tobacco plant that are used for making cigarettes, smoking in a pipe, etc.
-Butt -n
1/(also cigarette end): the part of a cigarette or cigar that is left after it has been smoked
an ashtray full of cigarette butts
2/ the thick end of a weapon or tool
a rifle butt
3/ (especially North American English, informal) the part of the body that you sit on
SYNONYM buttocks
Get off your butt and do some work!
Get your butt over here! (= Come here!)
- buttED sb [T] (of a person or animal) hit (someone or something) with the head or horns.
“she butted him in the chest”
Chapped
[intransitive]
(of the skin or lips) to become rough, dry and painful, especially because of wind or cold weather
His skin is very dry and chaps easily.
Hold/ hold on/hang on
-Clasped:
1.clasp something to hold something tightly in your hand
He leaned forward, his hands clasped tightly together.
They clasped hands (= held each other’s hands).
I stood there, clasping the door handle.
2. clasp somebody/something (+ adv./prep.) to hold somebody/something tightly with your arms around them
She clasped the children in her arms.
He clasped her to him.
She clasped her arms tightly around him.
-clutched: [transitive, intransitive] to hold somebody/something tightly
SYNONYM grip
clutch somebody/something (+ adv./prep.) He clutched the child to him.
She stood there, the flowers still clutched in her hand.
+ adv./prep. I clutched on to the chair for support.
-gripped:
1/[transitive, intransitive] to hold something tightly
SYNONYM grasped [T] : grasp somebody/something to take a strong hold of somebody/something: He grasped my hand and shook it warmly.
grip something ‘Please don’t go,’ he said, gripping her arm.
grip on to something She gripped on to the railing with both hands.
2/interest/excite
[transitive] grip somebody/something to interest or have a strong effect on somebody; to hold somebody’s attention
The book grips you from start to finish.
I was totally gripped by the story.
The campaign gripped people’s imagination.
The atmosphere of the World Cup gripped the nation.
-discord /ˈdɪskɔːrd/ [uncountable] (formal) disagreement; arguing
marital/family discord
“a prosperous family who showed no signs of discord”
-OPP concord /ˈkɑːnkɔːrd/ [uncountable]: concord (with somebody) (formal) peace and agreement
SYNONYM harmony (social/racial harmony| in harmony: They lived together in perfect harmony.)
living in concord with neighbouring states
LandED
1/job
[transitive] (informal) to succeed in getting a job, etc., especially one that a lot of other people want
land something He’s just landed a starring role in a Hollywood movie.
land somebody/yourself something She’s just landed herself a company directorship.
2/fish
[transitive] land something :to catch a fish and bring it out of the water on to the land
land the fish.: It took me three attempts to land the fish.
3/difficulties
[intransitive] + adv./prep. to arrive somewhere and cause difficulties that have to be dealt with
land on my desk : Why do complaints always land on my desk (= why do I always have to deal with them)?
Crackled [i]: to make short sharp sounds like something that is burning in a fire
A log (wood) fire crackled in the hearth/fireplace.
The radio crackled into life.
(figurative) The atmosphere crackled with tension.
deviated /ˈdiːvieɪtɪd/
deviate (from something) to be different from something; to do something in a different way from what is usual or expected
The bus had to deviate from its usual route because of a road closure.
He never deviated from his original plan.
plopped /plɒpt/
1/ [intransitive] + adv./prep. to fall, making a plop
The frog plopped back into the water.
A tear plopped down onto the page she was reading.
2/ [transitive] plop something + adv./prep. to drop something into something, especially a liquid, so that it makes a plop
Can you just plop some ice in my drink?
3/ [transitive, intransitive] plop (yourself) (down) to sit or lie down heavily or in a relaxed way
- plop -noun /plɑːp/: [usually singular]
a short sound like that of a small object dropping into water
The stone fell with a plop into the river.
