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bio > a2.2- organelles > Flashcards

a2.2- organelles Flashcards

1
Q

cell wall function [2]

A
  1. maintains shape
  2. prevents bursting
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2
Q

prokaryotes

A

organisms that do not have a true nucleus
- dna not protected by the nucleus

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3
Q

plasma membrane

A

semi-permeable and selective barrier surrounding the cell

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4
Q

cytoplasm

A

internal fluid component of the cell

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5
Q

bound ribosomes

A

synthesises protein used outside the cells

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6
Q

free ribosomes

A

synthesises protein used inside the cell

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7
Q

rough er

A

starts folding of polypeptide

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8
Q

smooth er

A

synthesises the phospholipid
- used in cell membrane + cholesterol

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9
Q

cells with ERs

A

undertake secretory activities

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10
Q

mitochondria function

A

aerobic respiration
- requires higher concentration of oxygen and glucose

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11
Q

mitochondria structure

A
  • double membrane
  • inner membrane higher folded into internal cristae
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12
Q

golgi apparatus

A
  • modifies polypeptides into their functional state
  • sorts, concentrates and packs proteins into vesicles
  • exocytosis
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13
Q

lysosome structure

A

membranous sacs filled with hydrolytic enzymes

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14
Q

lysosome function

A
  • breakdown/hydrolysis of macromolecules
  • contains lysozymes (digestive enzyme)
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15
Q

plasmids

A

autonomous circular DNA molecules that may be transferred between bacteria (horizontal gene transfer)

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16
Q

pili

A

hair like extensions that
1. enable adherence to surfaces (attachment pili)
2. mediate bacterial conjugation (sex pili)

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17
Q

slime capsule

A

thick polysaccharide layer used for protection against desiccation (drying out) and phagocytosis

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18
Q

vesicles

A

move substances in + out of cell
either to
1. within the cell (lysosomes)
2. plasma membrane out of cell
3. secretion to the outside of the cell (exostosis)

19
Q

compartmentalised because [3]

A
  1. control concentration of chemicals needed
  2. avoid enzymes
  3. mRNA can be modified after transcription before it leaves the nucleus
20
Q

typical cells contains [2 + reason]

A
  1. DNA as genetic material
  2. cytoplasm
    - dissolve substances
    - carry out metabolic reactions
21
Q

prokaryote dna is..

A

naked + in a loop

22
Q

eukaryote plasma membrane

A

enclosing a compartmentalised cytoplasm with 80S ribosomes

23
Q

nucleus [5]

A
  • with chromosomes made of DNA
  • store genetic material as chromatin
  • bound to histones
  • contained in a double membrane with pores
  • inner region called nucleolus: site of ribosome assembly
24
Q

eukaryotes has cytoskeleton of…

A

microtubules and microfilaments

25
Q

advantages of compartmentalisation in the cytoplasm

A
  • concentration of metabolites and enzymes and the separation of incompatible biochemical processes
    eg. lysosomes and phagocycotic vacuoles
26
Q

plasma membrane composed of

A

lipids

27
Q

structure of cytoskeleton

A

filamentous scaffolding within the cytoplasm

28
Q

cytoskeleton function [2]

A
  • provides internal structure
  • mediates intracellular transport
    less developed in prokaryotes
29
Q

peroxisome function

A

catalyses breakdown of toxic substances and other metabolites

30
Q

peroxisome structure

A

membranous sac containing a variety of catabolic enzymes

31
Q

centrioles function

A
  • microtubule organising centre
  • arrangement of the mitotic spindle during cell division
  • serve as anchor points for microtubules in the cytoplasm, cilia and flagella
32
Q

centriole structure

A
  • paired cylindrical
    -shaped organelles composed of nine groups of three microtubules organised symmetry
  • fibrous protein inside the cells
33
Q

chloroplast structure [2]

A
  • double membrane
  • internal stacks of membranous discs (thylakoids)
34
Q

chloroplast function

A

site of photosynthesis- manufactured organic molecules are stored in various plastids

35
Q

cell wall structure

A
  • external outer covering made of cellulose
  • not an organelle
36
Q

cell wall function [2]

A
  • provides support and mechanical strength
  • prevents excess water uptake
37
Q

plastids present in

A

plants

38
Q

cell wall present in

A

plants + fungi

39
Q

how do plants and fungi differ [3]

A
  1. no chloroplasts
  2. diff cell wall material
  3. decomposers
40
Q

centrioles present in

A

animals

41
Q

cilia present in

A

animal + plant

42
Q

flagella present in

A

animal + plant

43
Q

vesicle’s journey

A
  • formed in the rough ER
  • received by Golgi apparatus
  • Golgi apparatus forms vesicles that transport substances to membrane
44
Q

y is cell wall not an organelle

A

dont have a specific metabolic function

bio (23 decks)

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