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A&P 3 > A&P 3.9 WBC & Immunity > Flashcards

A&P 3.9 WBC & Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Peroneal muscles also known as

A

Fibularis

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2
Q

PERONEUS brevis

A, I ,O

A

Origin: distal 2/3 lateral fibula

Insertion: base of the 5th metatarsal

Action: plantar-flexion and eversion of foot

COULD BE FIBULARIS PERONEUS BREVIS

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3
Q

PERONEUS longus

A, I, O

A

Origin: proximal 2/3 lateral fibula and head of the fibula

Insertion: base of the first metatarsal and medial cuniform

Action: plantar-flexion and eversion of foot

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4
Q

Whole blood

A

55% plasma - 91% water, 8% proteins, 1% solutes and waste

45% formed elements - 99% RBC, 1% WBC and platelets

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5
Q

Platelets

A 
Thrombo - clot, cytes - cell
Fragments of MEGAKAROCYTEs 
Normal value of 250,000/ ml blood
Live 5-9 days
Function to form platelet plugs
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6
Q

Hemostasis

A

The sequence of events that stops bleeding
1- vascular spasm - vasoconstriction
2- platelet plug
3- coagulation-clotting

Clotting is the interweaving of the fibrin threads from plasma

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7
Q

Clotting pathologies

A

BODYWORK CONTRAINDICATED MOST OF THE TIME

Thrombus - stationary clot
Embolus - floating debris (clot, fat air bubble)
- venous- pulmonary embolism
- arterial - coronary embolism/ TIA / renal infarct
Hemophilia - lack of clotting factor

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8
Q

TIA

A

Transient ischemia attack

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9
Q

Red blood pathologies

A 
Anemias 
Polycythemia (too many RBC)
Sickle cell/thalassemia 
Hemorgic (blood loss)
Aplastic
Pernicious (vitamin B12 not absorbed)
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10
Q

White blood cells

A

Leukocytes

1 WBC for every 700 RBC

5 types classified according to the presence or absence of granules and staining classification of their cytoplasm

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11
Q

Granular WBC

3

A 
Visible granules (rough edges) under a microscope
Named based on response to color dyes

Basophils
Eosinophils
Neutrophils

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12
Q

Basophils

A

Granules dye bluish purple with basic dyes
Intensify ALLERGIC REACTION
release HISTAMINE
less than 1% of circulating WBCS

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13
Q

Eosinophils

A

Granular dye reddish orange with acidic dyes
COMBAT ALLERGIC REACTION
Release ANTI-HISTAMINES
2-4% of circulating WBCs

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14
Q

Neutrophils

A

Fairly neutral to dyes
Perform PHAGOCYTOSIS
60-70% circulating WBCs
FASTEST RESPONSE OF ALL WBC’S TO BACTERIA

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15
Q

Agrandular WBC

2

A

Granules not visible under a microscope

Lymphocytes (lymphatic system)
Monocytes

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16
Q

Lymphocytes

3 types

A

Lymphatic system
T cells, B cells and natural killer cells (NK cells)
20-25% of circulating WBC’s

17
Q

Monocytes

A 
Called monocytes while in blood stream
Become macrophages once they leave blood and move to tissues 
Largest WBC
3-8% of circulating WBC's
Doesn't stay in blood long
18
Q

Macrophages

A

Monocytes that leave the blood and move to tissues

19
Q

White blood function

A

Phagocytosis(as a fixed or wondering macrophage)

they destroy microbes and clean up dead tissues following an infection

20
Q

Normal values

A

A cubic mm of normal blood contains 5-9,000 leukocytes with different percentages of each type
Change in the number of a specific leukocyte as well as overall leukocyte count has clinical significance

21
Q

Immunity

2 types

A

Non-specific resistance

Specific immunity

22
Q

Non-specific resistance

A

Innate- born with it
Does not have to do with lymphatic system
No specific target generalized reactions
Found primarily in skin and membranes
Includes reactions such as vomiting, inflammation and fever

23
Q

Specific immunity

A

Adaptive for a specific pathogen

24
Q

Antigens

A

Foreign substances that trigger an immune response

Includes pathogens which cause a disease

25
Q

B cells

A

Destroy bacteria and toxins

Turn into plasma cells that produce antibodies

26
Q

T cells

A

Attack viruses, fungi, transplanted organs, cancer cells and some bacteria

27
Q

2 types of cell response

A

Cell mediated

Antibody mediated

28
Q

Cell mediated

A

T cells

CELLS DIRECTLY ATTACK THE INVADING ANTIGEN

29
Q

Antibody mediated

A

B cells stay put and send out antibodies

Antibodies neutralize, immobilize, agglutinate and flag antigens

30
Q

White blood pathologies

A

Leukemia - out of control leukocytes

Cancer of the WBC’s

31
Q

Disorders of the immune system

A

Autoimmune disease- when the body attacks and destroys its own tissues

Lupis, multiple schlerosis, Graves’ disease, rheumatoid arthritis

Allergies - over reaction/hypersensitivity to a foreign substance

32
Q

Describe blood cell formation

A

Hematopoietic stem cells produce white and red blood cells and lymphocyte cells (T, B, and NK cells)
Platelets come from megakeryocytes

33
Q

Role of lymphatic tissue to mature agranulocytes

A

B cells are formed mature
T cells go to thymus to mature
NK cells are formed mature

A&P 3 (18 decks)

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