A&P 3.11 respiratory system

Question 0

Diaphragm penetrated by

Answer 0

Aorta
Vena cava
Esophagus

Question 1

Diaphragm

A, I, O

Answer 1

Origin: inner surface of lower 6 ribs, upper 2 or 3 lumbar vertebrae, inner aspect of xipoid process

Insertion: central tendon (penetrated by aorta, vena cava and esophagus

Action: inspiration - elevates and expands lower costal margin and lower ribs, depresses central tendon and the two muscle domes, increasing volume of the thoracic cavity during inhalation

Question 2

Serratus posterior

A, I, O

Answer 2

Medial attachment: superior - spinous process C6 or 7 to T1 or 2; inferior - spinous process of T 10, 11, or 12 to L1, 2

Lateral attachment: superior - lateral side of angles of ribs 2-5; inferior- lower border of ribs 9-12

Action - superior - raises 2-5th ribs to ASSIST inhalation; inferior - draws lower ribs back and down

Question 3

Respiratory system

Functions

4

Answer 3

Exchange of gases (oxygen/carbon dioxide)
Assists in regulating Ph
Cleanse, warm, humidify inspired air
Smell, sound

Question 4

Structures

Upper

Answer 4

Nose/nasal cavity
Pharynx (throat)
Epiglottis (prevent food/liquids from going into trachea)
Larynx/voice box - vocal cords

Question 5

Respiratory structures

Lower

Answer 5

Trachea/windpipe
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli

Question 6

Bronchi

Answer 6

Trachea divides into right primary bronchus and left primary bronchus

Question 7

Alveoli

Answer 7

Grape shaped clusters inside the lungs where gas exchange occurs
Predominately SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

Question 8

Alveolus

Answer 8

One cup shaped structure

Question 9

Alveolar sac

Answer 9

Cluster of alveoli

Question 10

Exchange of gases

Answer 10

Occurs between alveoli and capillaries by simple diffusion

Question 11

respiratory membrane

4 layers

Answer 11

Extending from the alveolar air space to blood plasma the respiratory membrane consists of 4 layers

Alveolar wall
Epithelial basement membrane
Capillary basement layer
Endothelial cells

Question 12

Lungs

General

Answer 12

2 lungs, one right and left separated into regions or lobes
Left- two lobes (heart takes up space)
Right - three lobes

Contained within serous membrane - pleural membrane

Question 13

Pleural membrane

Answer 13

Two layers

Parietal layer - wall covering thoracic cavity
Visceral layer - covers organ (lung)

Pleural fluid in between layers

Question 14

Pleurisy or pluritis

Answer 14

Inflammation of the membrane

Question 15

Pneumonia

Answer 15

Infection or inflammation of the alveoli

Question 16

Bronchitis

Answer 16

Inflammation of bronchi and increased secretions

Question 17

Smoking

Answer 17

Constriction - decreased air flow- decreased hemoglobin - increased mucous - destroy cilia - destroy elastic fibers- drown in your own mucus

75% lung cancer caused by smoking

Question 18

Asthma

Answer 18

Airway inflammation

Question 19

COPD

Answer 19

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Multiple types of respiratory problems leading to chronic obstruction airway

Question 20

Emphysema

Answer 20

Destruction of alveoli