A&P 3.16 urinary system Flashcards
Flexor digitorum superficials
A, I, O
Origin: common flexor tendon of medial epicondyle, ulnar collateral ligament, coronoid process ulna, interosseous membrane and proximal shaft of the radius
Insertion: sides of middle phalanges of 2-5 fingers
Action: flex 2-5 fingers (MC and interphalangeal joints) and flex wrist
Enzymes are made of
Amino acids that are deconstructed proteins
Enzymes are the product of proteins
Flexor digitorum profundis
A, I, O
Origin: anterior and medial surface of the proximal 3/4 of ulna
Insertion: bases of distal phalanges, Palmer surface of 2-5 fingers
Action: flexion of 2-5 fingers (MC & distal interphalangeal joints) assists in wrist flexion
DEEPEST MUSCLE of flexors
Pronator quadratus is the deepest of all
Urinary system
Structures
Kidneys - 2 - organs Ureters -2 Urinary Bladder Urethra
Kidney location
Kidneys are in the retroperitoneal cavity
Just above and below the 12th rib
Urinary functions
Makes urine
Filters blood
Monitors blood volume and composition (sodium/potassium balance)
Filters what in blood
Toxins
Ions-pH balance
Electrolyte balance
Kidneys
Shape
2 of them
Kidney bean
4-5 inches long, 2 inches wide, 1 inch thick
Retroperitoneal
Kidney internal anatomy
2 regions of kidney
Similar to adrenals:
Cortex - bark, outside portion
Medulla - inner portion
Nephrons
Defined
Functional unit of the kidneys
About 1 million per kidney
Renal corpuscle
Renal tubule
Renal corpuscle
Kidney tiny body
Blood plasma filtered here
Glomerulus (capillary network) Glomerular capsule (bowman's capsule)
Glomerular capsule
Bowman’s capsule
Made of epithelial tissue
Thin wall for tissue exchange
Renal tube
Twisty tube where filtered fluid passes through this tube
Proximal convoluted tube
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tube
Urine production
Glomerular filtration
Tubular reabsorption
Tubular secretion
Glomerular filtration
Glomerular filtration
blood plasma moves across the walls of the capillaries (glomerulus) into the glomerular (bowman’s capsule) then into tubules
Tubular reabsorption
About 99% of plasma returns to blood here
Tubular secretion
Blood stream secretes waste products into tube for excretion
Dilute / concentrated urine
Normally functioning kidneys produce a large amount of dilute urine when fluid intake is high and small amount when fluid intake is low
Micturation
Peeing
Nephr
Kidney
Renal failure
Kidney failure
Kidneys unable to filter blood
Dialysis becomes necessary
Hemodialysis
Filters blood directly and returns it to the patient
Generally requires a port
Peritoneal dialysis
CAPD continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
Process in which glucose rich fluid is pumped into the peritoneal cavity
Osmosis causes wastes and toxins to be absorbed into the solution then it is drained
CAPD
Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
Renal calculi
Kidney stones
Made of christalized mineral chunks
Small ones will flush on their own
Large ones cause blockage
Lithotripsy
Ultrasound
Gout
Excess levels of uric acid in the blood
Uric acid is not as soluble as other waste products
If not excreted by the kidney, it can be deposited in joints & tissue of the body
