A&P 3.16 urinary system

Question 0

Flexor digitorum superficials

A, I, O

Answer 0

Origin: common flexor tendon of medial epicondyle, ulnar collateral ligament, coronoid process ulna, interosseous membrane and proximal shaft of the radius

Insertion: sides of middle phalanges of 2-5 fingers

Action: flex 2-5 fingers (MC and interphalangeal joints) and flex wrist

Question 1

Enzymes are made of

Answer 1

Amino acids that are deconstructed proteins

Enzymes are the product of proteins

Question 2

Flexor digitorum profundis

A, I, O

Answer 2

Origin: anterior and medial surface of the proximal 3/4 of ulna

Insertion: bases of distal phalanges, Palmer surface of 2-5 fingers

Action: flexion of 2-5 fingers (MC & distal interphalangeal joints) assists in wrist flexion

DEEPEST MUSCLE of flexors
Pronator quadratus is the deepest of all

Question 3

Urinary system

Structures

Answer 3

Kidneys - 2 - organs
Ureters -2
Urinary
Bladder 
Urethra

Question 4

Kidney location

Answer 4

Kidneys are in the retroperitoneal cavity

Just above and below the 12th rib

Question 5

Urinary functions

Answer 5

Makes urine
Filters blood
Monitors blood volume and composition (sodium/potassium balance)

Question 6

Filters what in blood

Answer 6

Toxins
Ions-pH balance
Electrolyte balance

Question 7

Kidneys

Shape

Answer 7

2 of them
Kidney bean
4-5 inches long, 2 inches wide, 1 inch thick
Retroperitoneal

Question 8

Kidney internal anatomy

Answer 8

2 regions of kidney
Similar to adrenals:

Cortex - bark, outside portion
Medulla - inner portion

Question 9

Nephrons

Defined

Answer 9

Functional unit of the kidneys
About 1 million per kidney

Renal corpuscle
Renal tubule

Question 10

Renal corpuscle

Answer 10

Kidney tiny body

Blood plasma filtered here

Glomerulus (capillary network)
Glomerular capsule (bowman's capsule)

Question 11

Glomerular capsule

Answer 11

Bowman’s capsule

Made of epithelial tissue
Thin wall for tissue exchange

Question 12

Renal tube

Answer 12

Twisty tube where filtered fluid passes through this tube

Proximal convoluted tube
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tube

Question 13

Urine production

Answer 13

Glomerular filtration
Tubular reabsorption
Tubular secretion

Question 14

Glomerular filtration

Answer 14

Glomerular filtration
blood plasma moves across the walls of the capillaries (glomerulus) into the glomerular (bowman’s capsule) then into tubules

Question 15

Tubular reabsorption

Answer 15

About 99% of plasma returns to blood here

Question 16

Tubular secretion

Answer 16

Blood stream secretes waste products into tube for excretion

Question 17

Dilute / concentrated urine

Answer 17

Normally functioning kidneys produce a large amount of dilute urine when fluid intake is high and small amount when fluid intake is low

Question 18

Micturation

Answer 18

Peeing

Question 19

Nephr

Answer 19

Kidney

Question 20

Renal failure

Answer 20

Kidney failure
Kidneys unable to filter blood
Dialysis becomes necessary

Question 21

Hemodialysis

Answer 21

Filters blood directly and returns it to the patient

Generally requires a port

Question 22

Peritoneal dialysis

Answer 22

CAPD continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
Process in which glucose rich fluid is pumped into the peritoneal cavity
Osmosis causes wastes and toxins to be absorbed into the solution then it is drained

Question 23

CAPD

Answer 23

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

Question 24

Renal calculi

Answer 24

Kidney stones
Made of christalized mineral chunks
Small ones will flush on their own
Large ones cause blockage

Question 25

Lithotripsy

Answer 25

Ultrasound

Question 26

Gout

Answer 26

Excess levels of uric acid in the blood
Uric acid is not as soluble as other waste products
If not excreted by the kidney, it can be deposited in joints & tissue of the body