A&P 3.17 reproduction and development

Question 0

Lateral compartment

Answer 0

PERONEUS longus

Question 1

Anterior compartment

Answer 1

Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallicis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
PERONEUS tertius

Question 2

posterior compartment

Answer 2

Gastrocnemius

Soleus

Question 3

Deep posterior compartment

Answer 3

Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Tibialis posterior

Question 4

Flexor digitorum longus

A, I ,O

Answer 4

Origin: middle 1/3 posterior tibia

Insertion: by 4 tendons to base of distal phalanges toes 2-5

Action: flexes toes 2-5, assists plantar flexion and inversion

Question 5

Flexor hallicis longus

A, I, O

Answer 5

Origin: lower 2/3 posterior fibula

Insertion: distal phalanx, great toe

Action: flexes great toe, assists plantarflexion and inversion
HALLUCIS STARTS MOST LATERAL AND ENDS UP MOST MEDIAL

Question 6

Tibialis posterior

A, I, O

Answer 6

Origin: interosseous membrane and inner border of fibula and fibula

Insertion: most of the tarsals ( NOT CALCANEUS, TALUS OR MIDDLE/INTERMEDIATE CUNEIFORM) and the 3rd and 4th metatarsals

Action: plantarflexion, inversion

Question 7

Essential organs

Male & female

Answer 7

Gonads

Male - testes
Female - ovaries

Gametes

Male- sperm
Female - egg (oocytes)

Question 8

Accessory organs

Male
Female

Answer 8

Males - penis, vas deferense (ductus deferens), prostate, epididymis

Female - vagina, uterus, cervix, Fallopian tubes (uterine tubes)

Question 9

Reproductive system functions

3

Answer 9

Gonads produce gametes that unite to form new organisms
Gonads also release hormones that regulate reproduction and other body processes
Associated organs transport and store gametes (hold on to new organism)

Question 10

Spermatozoa

Answer 10

250-500 million into the vagina
+- 2 million to the cervix
50-100 reach the egg
Sperm live for about 72 hours

Question 11

Egg

Answer 11

Oocytes
Goes from ovary to Fallopian tube to uterus
Most fertilization takes place in the Fallopian tube
Egg lives for 24 hours or less

Question 12

One sperm / one egg

Answer 12

23 chromosomes on each
23 pairs total
46 chromosomes total

Question 13

Zygote

Answer 13

Single cell created from the union of the male and female gamete and is genetically complete

Question 14

Cleavage and implantation

Answer 14

Cleave - divide
Zygote divides (cleaves) 1 cell into a
Morula at 3 days then becomes a
Blastocyst - hollow ball of cells - 5 days
Implantation into wall of the uterus within 10 days
Inner cell mass - structure with 2 cavities - one becomes embryo and other becomes the placenta

Question 15

Fertilization to implantation

Answer 15

1-3 days - zygote
3 days - morula
5 days - blastocyst
6-10 days - implantation

Question 16

Periods of development

Answer 16

Embryo - first 8 weeks after fertilization
Fetus - week 8 through delivery (37-40 weeks)
3 trimesters

1 - last menstrual period through 12 weeks
2 - 13 to 25 weeks
3 - 26 weeks to birth

Question 17

Primary germ layers

Answer 17

Endoderm
Ectoderm
Mesoderm

Question 18

Endoderm

Answer 18

Creates linings
Respiratory & GI tract
Creates glands, pancreatic ducts, glandular epithelium

Question 19

Mesoderm

Answer 19

Creates dermis, skeletal muscle, bones, kidneys

Question 20

Ectoderm

Answer 20

Creates peripheral tissue
Epidermis, tooth enamel
Creates nerve tissue - brain and spinal cord

Question 21

Twins

3 types

Answer 21

Identical
Conjoined
Fraternal

Question 22

Identical twins

Answer 22

1 egg, 1 sperm

Separation into 2 embryos, shared placenta

Question 23

Conjoined twins

Answer 23

1 egg, 1 sperm

Late separation after 8 days (share organs, limbs, etc.)

Question 24

Fraternal twins

Answer 24

2 eggs, 2 sperm

Siblings sharing the space, separate placenta