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A&P 3 > A&P 3.8 Blood/Platelets > Flashcards

A&P 3.8 Blood/Platelets Flashcards

1
Q

Transversospinalis

A

Multifidi
Rotatores

Deep to the erector spinalis muscles
Transverse to spinous
Rotatores are the deepest

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2
Q

Multifidi

A

Attachment: sacrum and transverse process of the lumbar through cervical vertebrae

Superior attachment: spinous process of lumbar vertebrae through second cervical vertebrae - span 2-4 vertebrae

Action: unilaterally - rotate vertebral column to opposite side
Bilaterally - extend vertebral column

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3
Q

Rotatores

A

Attachment : transverse processes of the lumbar through cervical vertebrae

Superior attachment: spinous process of lumbar vertebrae through second cervical vertebrae - span 1-2 vertebrae

Action: unilaterally - rotate vertebral column to opposite side
Bilaterally - extend vertebral column

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4
Q

Blood whole

A

Fluid connective tissue
55% plasma - matrix and fibers present as needed
45% formed elements: RBC, WBC, PLATELETS

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5
Q

Functions of blood

A

Transportation- nutrients and wastes
Regulation - homeostasis
Protection - clotting, fight infection

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6
Q

Hemopoiesis

A

Process of creating formed elements
Occurs in blood marrow
MAMA cell of all formed elements is pluripotent stem cell

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7
Q

Formed elements

A

Red blood cells - no nucleus
White blood cells - have nucleus
Platelets - cell fragments

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8
Q

Pluripotent

A

Stem cell

Base for all formed elements in blood

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9
Q

Red blood cells

A 
Erythrocytes 
Live about 120 days
Contain hemoglobin - BINDS TO OXYGEN
Main job is to carry oxygen
STARTS AS A RETICULOCYTE ( before nucleus is ejected)
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10
Q

RETICULOCYTE

A

Red blood cell before it ejects its nucleus

Ejects nucleus so it can carry more oxygen

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11
Q

Biconcave

A

Shape of red blood cell when it loses it’s nucleus

Shape allows it to squeeze through tiny capillaries and carry more oxygen

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12
Q

Polycythemia

A

.Too many red blood cells

Blood is thick and cannot flow well

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13
Q

Platelets

A 
Thrombocytes
Cell fragments
NO NUCLEUS
From MEGAKAROCYTE 
Normal value is 250,000 per mm of blood
Live 5-9 days
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14
Q

MEGAKAROCYTE

A

Gets really large
Explodes into 2000-3000 fragments
Fragments are platelets

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15
Q

Platelets

Physical properties

A

Agglutination
Adhesiveness
Aggregation

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16
Q

Agglutination

A

Adhere and form clumps

17
Q

Adhesiveness

A

ability to stick to damaged tissue

18
Q

Aggregation

A

Gather together

19
Q

Platelets

Function

A

To form platelet plugs in broken blood vessels

20
Q

Hemostasis

A

BLOOD STILLNESS

A sequence of responses that stop bleeding

21
Q

Hemostasis

Sequence

A

Vascular spasm
Platelet plug formation
Clotting (coagulation)

22
Q

Vascular spasm

A

Contraction of SMOOTH MUSCLE in blood vessel wall to reduce the size of the tear in the vessel

23
Q

Platelet plug formation

A

Platelets notice the roughness in the EPITHELIAL tissue lining of the blood vessel (endothelium) they slow down, get sticky and send out projections to fill the gap
They also send out a chemical that triggers the formation of fibrous protein threads called fibrin

24
Q

Clotting

A

Coagulation

Fibrin threads interweave in platelet plug and close the gap

25
Q

Conditions that oppose clotting

A

Anticoagulants

26
Q

Anticoagulants

A

Blood thinners
Heparin, warfarin (Coumadin), aspirin
Delay or suppress (or prevent) blood clotting

27
Q

Conditions that hasten clotting

A

Atherosclerosis

28
Q

Antherosclerosis

A

May hasten clotting
The thickness of the blood and or narrowing of the vessels lumen may slow blood flow and clot blood when it is not necessary

29
Q

Clotting pathologies

A

Thrombus
Embolus
Hemophilia

30
Q

Thrombus

A

Clotting in an unbroken blood vessel

Usually a vein

31
Q

Embolus

A

Blood clot that breaks off and floats through the bloodstream

32
Q

Embolism

A

Embolus lodged in a smaller vessel (blocks flow to vital organ)

VENOUS - goes to lungs (pulmonary embolism)

ARTERIAL - goes to coronary vessel - can cause heart attack, stroke, TIA, in the kidneys can lead to a renal infarction

33
Q

Hemophilia

A

Deficiency of clotting

Most often due to lack of clotting factor 8 (VIII)

34
Q

Anemia

A

Shortage of red blood cells, hemoglobin or both
Pallor, shortness of breath, fatigue, poor resistance to cold
Idiopathic anemia or nutritional deficiency anemia are ok to massage
Bone marrow suppression (cancer), chronic disease/inflammation, or premature red blood cells destruction – rigorous massage may be contraindicated
Energy work more appropriate

A&P 3 (18 decks)

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