A&P 3.3 heart conduction and heart disorders

Question 1

Authorhythmic Fibers

Answer 1

Specialized cardiac muscle fibers that are SELF EXCITABLE (continue to beat even when removed from the body)

Question 2

Pacemaker=SA Nodes

Answer 2

(Sinoatrial)=sets the rhythm- The SA node sets the rate at 100/min and is adjusted by other systems to about 75/min.

Question 3

AV (Atrioventricular) node

Answer 3

AV (Atrioventricular) node if SA node went out is 40-60 bpm

Question 4

If both nodes are damaged

Answer 4

other fibers 20-35 bpm, blood flow to the brain would be inadequate and you would need an artificial pacemaker

Question 5

Conduction System

Answer 5

path for each cycle to process through the heart

Question 6

SA (sinoatrial) node

Answer 6

R atrial wall close to superior vena cava

Question 7

AV (atrioventricular) node

Answer 7

Septum between the 2 atria

Question 8

AV bundle (bundle of His)-

Answer 8

the only space where the action potential can travel from atria to ventricles

Question 9

R&L bundle branches

Answer 9

through the interventricular system toward apex

Question 10

Purkinje Fibers

Answer 10

From apex up to the rest of ventricular myocardium

Question 11

Pulse

Answer 11

traveling pressure wave from contraction of the heart

• strongest closest to heart
• can be felt in many artery, near the surface and over a firm area

Question 12

Normal HR

Answer 12

• adult 70-80bpm
  
  • children 80-100 bpm
  • newborn 120-160 bpm

Question 13

Abnormal HR

Answer 13

Tachycardia > 100 bpm (normal during exercise & stress)

Bradycardia > 60 bpm (normal during sleep & in conditioned athletes)

Question 14

Cardiac Cycle

Answer 14

• Complete heart beat, or pumping cycle consisting of a contraction (Systole) & relaxation (Diastole) of both atria and ventricles.
• The two atria contract simultaneously, then as the two atria relax the two ventricles contract, then relax

Question 15

Heart Disorders

Answer 15

Pericarditis
Coronary Artery Disease
Atherosclerosis
Hypertension
Myocardial Infarction
Congestive Heart Failure
Angina Pectoris
Aneurism
CVA

Question 16

Pericarditis

Answer 16

Inflammation of the pericardium (may be caused by many different factors)

Question 17

Coronary Artery Disease

Answer 17

A leading cause of death in US (many subcategories & can result from various causes, all reduced blood flow to heart)

Question 18

Atherosclerosis

Answer 18

Hardening of the arteries due to lipid/cholesterol plaque (subcategory of arteriosclerosis) risk factors: smoking, poor diet, high BP

Question 19

Hypertension

Answer 19

High BP

Question 20

Myocardial Infarction

Answer 20

Heart attack causes tissue death (muscle of the heart/loss of blood supply causing tissue death) If enough heart muscle tissue is killed then you will die

Question 21

Congestive Heart Failure

Answer 21

inability of L ventricle to pump blood effectively-not enough blood in the body - R=edema legs L=edema lungs-enlarged heart to increase blood.

Question 22

Angina Pectoris

Answer 22

Severe chest pain, occurs when myocardial is deprived of enough O2

Question 23

Aneurism

Answer 23

when a section of an artery becomes abnormally widened due to weakening of wall

Question 24

CVA

Answer 24

Cerebrovascular accident Ischemia of the brain tissue due to either an embolism or ruptured aneurism (cardiovascular rather than heart disease)

Question 25

Adductor Magnus

Answer 25

O: Inferior Ramus of Pubis
 Ischium to Ischial Tuberosity
I: Linea Aspera of femur
A: Adduction & medial rotation of thigh
     Anterior: Flexion of thigh
     Posterior: Extension of thigh

Question 26

Transverse Abdominus

Answer 26

O: Upper portion of inguinal ligament
     Iliac crest
     thoracolumbar aponeurosis
     lower 6 ribs & costal cartilage
I: linea alba
A: compress the abdominal contents (in breathing, coughing, hiccuping, bearing down to defecate)