A&P 3.5 blood pressure & vascular disorders Flashcards
carpals
8 bones
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
some lovers try positions that they can’t handle
Phalanges named
Proximal, middle, distal
Each bone has a
Base
Shaft
Head
Extensor digitorum
O,I, A
Origin: LATERAL epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion: proximal, middle (intermediate) and distal phalanges of four fingers (NOT THE THUMB)
Action: extension of the fingers at the interphalangeal joints and the metacarpalophalangeal joints
Gracillis
A, I, O
Origin: inferior RAMUS of the pubis
Insertion: anterior proximal, medial tibia ( pes anserinus)
Action: adduction of the lower extremity, flexion of the knee
Pectinious is
Most anterior and most superior of the adductors
Magnus is
GRACILIS is
Magnus is deepest
GRACILIS is most medial
Functions of blood vessels
Transportation of essential materials to/from cells which happens at the capillary level (microcirculation)
Entire mechanism of circulation is to keep capillaries supplied with blood for the cells
Function of arteries
Distribute blood to arterioles which provide resistance and with smooth muscle cause vasodilation and vasoconstriction which assists blood flow
Function of veins
Collectors and reservoirs that not only return blood to the heart, but can hold varying amounts of blood without change in blood pressure because of their ability to stretch, called capacitance. Veins often called capacitance vessels
Capacitance
Veins ability to hold varying amounts of blood without change in blood pressure due their ability to stretch
Arteries of the head and neck
Left and right carotid
Arteries of the extremities and trunks
Upper: left and right subclavian arteries
Trunk: thoracic and abdominal aorta
Lower: left and right iliac arteries (from abdominal aorta)
General principles about veins
They increase in size going back to the heart
Presence or absence of veins is variable and they often have similar names and locations as arteries
Superior vena cava collects blood from the upper extremities/head with EXCEPTION OF THE LUNGS
Systemic veins
Veins of the head and neck: left and right jugular veins
Veins if upper extremity: left and right subclavian veins
Veins of the thorax: superior vena cava
Veins of the lower extremity: left and right sapphenous veins
Hepatic portal circulation
Blood goes specifically to an area before return to the heart, blood collected from the GI to liver for filtration of nutrients. Then from liver to inferior vena cava to the heart.
Blood pressure measured with a
Sphygmomanometer
Measures the amount of air pressure equal to the BP in an artery in terms of mm Of mercury
Sounds are call KOROTKOFF sounds
Arterial BP
Parts and normal reading
Systole/diastole - normal 120/80
Systolic BP
The force of blood pushing against arterial walls during ventricular contraction
Diastolic BP
The force of blood when ventricles are relaxed
Blood pressure
The difference between systolic and diastolic BP
It is increased in arteriosclerosis and aortic valve insufficiency
Arterial and Veinus bleeding
Blood exerts a much higher pressure in arteries then veins.
Arteries - gush
Veins - seep
Vascular disorders
Aneurysm Atherosclerosis Hypertension Raynaud's syndrome Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) Shock
Aneurysm
Section of artery or vein that is abnormally widened because of a weakening of the wall
Contraindicated
Atherosclerosis
Inelastic brittle arteries due to plaques of lipids that calcify.
Many risk factors
MASSAGE WITH CAUTION - NONE ON ADVANCED
Hypertension
High blood pressure
WITH CAUTION - DOCTOR NOTE
Raynaud’s syndrome
Episodes of vasospasm of arterioles usually in fingers and toes
Attacks can last for minutes or hours
IS INDICATED
Cerebrovascular accident
Brain aneurysm/stroke
From ischemia of brain tissue caused by embolism
CONTRAINDICATED
Shock
Failure of the circulatory system to deliver oxygen to tissues
COUNTERINDICATED
