A&P 3.2 heart structure & blood flow Flashcards
Internal obliques
A, I, O
ORIGIN: upper portion of inguinal ligament and iliac crest
Insertion: internal surface of lower 3 ribs and linea alba
Action: unilaterally- ipsilateral side-bending and rotation of the trunk
Bilaterally- flexion of trunk, compression of abdominal contents (breathing, coughing, hiccuping, bearing down)
Adductor brevis
A, I, O
Origin: inferior RAMUS of the pubis
Insertion: upper 1/3 of linea aspera
Action: adducts thigh, flexes thigh, medial rotation of thigh
Inguinal ligament
ASIS to pubis
Linea alba
Center line of abdominals
Cardiovascular system
Parts
Heart - muscular pump
Vessels - arteries, veins, capillaries
Blood
Cardiovascular system
Functions
Transportation, regulation and defense
Heart pumps blood through blood vessels
Blood TRANSPORTS oxygen and nutrients to cells and carbon dioxide and wastes away
Helps REGULATE acid/base balance, temperature, and water content of body fluids
Blood components help DEFEND against disease and mend damaged vessels
The heart
Size and location
Cone shaped, size of closed fist, 5X3 inches
Rests on diaphragm near midline of thoracic cavity
Between sternum and vertebral bodies anteriorly to posterior and between lungs in the mediastinum
2/3rds to the left, pointed end at apex, broad portion is the base (on top)
Heart coverings
Pericardium that surrounds the heart and maintains position while allowing freedom of movement
Fibrous (outside) and serous
Between layers is the pericardial space containing pericardial fluid
Fibrous
Tough inelastic connective tissue
Outer layer
Serous
Double layer with pericardial fluid
Partial layer
Visceral layer
Parietal layer
Lines the inside of the fibrous pericardium
Visceral layer
Epicardium
Adheres to the outside of the heart
Pericardial space
Between parietal and visceral layer containing pericardial fluid
Walls of the heart
3 layers
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
Epicardium
Outer layer, smooth, slippery, visceral layer of the serous pericardium
Myocardium
Bulk of heart wall
Cardiac muscle - striated, involuntary
Endocardium
Lining interior wall of the myocardium
smooth lining of epithelial tissue
Anatomy of the heart
4 chambers
4 chambers separated by the septum (extension of the heart wall)
Atria
Ventricles
Atria
Superior chambers of the heart
Right and left
Receiving chambers
Ventricles
Inferior chambers
Right and left
Walls are thicker
Right - smaller work load, pumps blood to lungs (shorter), less pressure
Left - works harder, pumps blood further against more resistance
Heart anatomy
Valves
Atrioventricular
Semilunar
Atrioventricular
AV - between atria and ventricles
Blood always moves from atria to ventricles
Examples: tricuspid (3 flaps) right; bicuspid (2 flaps) left = “mitral valve”
Semilunar
Allows blood from heart to arteries
Example: aortic -left; pulmonic-right
Mitral valve
AKA bicuspid valve
Circulation
3 types
Systemic
Pulmonary
Coronary
Systemic
Left
Circulation throughout the body except the lungs and back to the heart
Pulmonary
Right
Circulation of blood through the lungs
Coronary
Blood flow to the MYOCARDIUM
Circulation of blood flow through the heart
Superior/inferior vena cava & coronary sinus to
Right atrium through tricuspid valve to the
Right ventricle through the pulmonary valve to the
pulmonary artery to the
LUNGS THROUGH THE PULMONARY VEINS TO THE
LEFT ATRIUM THROUGH THE MITRIAL/BICUSPID VALVE TO THE
LEFT VENTRICLE THROUGH THE AORTIC VALVE TO THE
AORTA TO THE BODY
