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A&P 3 > A&P 3.2 heart structure & blood flow > Flashcards

A&P 3.2 heart structure & blood flow Flashcards

1
Q

Internal obliques

A, I, O

A

ORIGIN: upper portion of inguinal ligament and iliac crest

Insertion: internal surface of lower 3 ribs and linea alba

Action: unilaterally- ipsilateral side-bending and rotation of the trunk

Bilaterally- flexion of trunk, compression of abdominal contents (breathing, coughing, hiccuping, bearing down)

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2
Q

Adductor brevis

A, I, O

A

Origin: inferior RAMUS of the pubis

Insertion: upper 1/3 of linea aspera

Action: adducts thigh, flexes thigh, medial rotation of thigh

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3
Q

Inguinal ligament

A

ASIS to pubis

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4
Q

Linea alba

A

Center line of abdominals

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5
Q

Cardiovascular system

Parts

A

Heart - muscular pump
Vessels - arteries, veins, capillaries
Blood

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6
Q

Cardiovascular system

Functions

A

Transportation, regulation and defense

Heart pumps blood through blood vessels
Blood TRANSPORTS oxygen and nutrients to cells and carbon dioxide and wastes away
Helps REGULATE acid/base balance, temperature, and water content of body fluids
Blood components help DEFEND against disease and mend damaged vessels

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7
Q

The heart

Size and location

A

Cone shaped, size of closed fist, 5X3 inches
Rests on diaphragm near midline of thoracic cavity
Between sternum and vertebral bodies anteriorly to posterior and between lungs in the mediastinum
2/3rds to the left, pointed end at apex, broad portion is the base (on top)

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8
Q

Heart coverings

A

Pericardium that surrounds the heart and maintains position while allowing freedom of movement

Fibrous (outside) and serous

Between layers is the pericardial space containing pericardial fluid

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9
Q

Fibrous

A

Tough inelastic connective tissue

Outer layer

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10
Q

Serous

A

Double layer with pericardial fluid

Partial layer

Visceral layer

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11
Q

Parietal layer

A

Lines the inside of the fibrous pericardium

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12
Q

Visceral layer

A

Epicardium

Adheres to the outside of the heart

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13
Q

Pericardial space

A

Between parietal and visceral layer containing pericardial fluid

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14
Q

Walls of the heart

3 layers

A

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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15
Q

Epicardium

A

Outer layer, smooth, slippery, visceral layer of the serous pericardium

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16
Q

Myocardium

A

Bulk of heart wall

Cardiac muscle - striated, involuntary

17
Q

Endocardium

A

Lining interior wall of the myocardium

smooth lining of epithelial tissue

18
Q

Anatomy of the heart

4 chambers

A

4 chambers separated by the septum (extension of the heart wall)

Atria
Ventricles

19
Q

Atria

A

Superior chambers of the heart
Right and left
Receiving chambers

20
Q

Ventricles

A

Inferior chambers
Right and left
Walls are thicker
Right - smaller work load, pumps blood to lungs (shorter), less pressure
Left - works harder, pumps blood further against more resistance

21
Q

Heart anatomy

Valves

A

Atrioventricular

Semilunar

22
Q

Atrioventricular

A

AV - between atria and ventricles
Blood always moves from atria to ventricles

Examples: tricuspid (3 flaps) right; bicuspid (2 flaps) left = “mitral valve”

23
Q

Semilunar

A

Allows blood from heart to arteries

Example: aortic -left; pulmonic-right

24
Q

Mitral valve

A

AKA bicuspid valve

25
Q

Circulation

3 types

A

Systemic
Pulmonary
Coronary

26
Q

Systemic

A

Left

Circulation throughout the body except the lungs and back to the heart

27
Q

Pulmonary

A

Right

Circulation of blood through the lungs

28
Q

Coronary

A

Blood flow to the MYOCARDIUM

29
Q

Circulation of blood flow through the heart

A

Superior/inferior vena cava & coronary sinus to
Right atrium through tricuspid valve to the
Right ventricle through the pulmonary valve to the
pulmonary artery to the
LUNGS THROUGH THE PULMONARY VEINS TO THE
LEFT ATRIUM THROUGH THE MITRIAL/BICUSPID VALVE TO THE
LEFT VENTRICLE THROUGH THE AORTIC VALVE TO THE
AORTA TO THE BODY

A&P 3 (18 decks)

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