A&P 3.4 Blood Vessels Flashcards
Pectineus
A, I, O
ORIGION : crest and superior RAMUS of the pubis
Insertion: pectineal line of femur - between lesser trochanter and linea aspera
Action: adducts and assists in flexion of the femur
CM Joint And MP joint look at
.
Thenar muscles
3 muscles around ball of thumb
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Opponents pollicis
Thenar eminence
Palm projection below thumb
Thenar muscles
O, I, A
Origin: scaphoid, trapezium and flexor retinaculum
Insert: flexor/abductor : lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of the thumb
Opponens: lateral side of the 1st metacarpal
Thenar muscles
Action
Abductor pollicis brevis: abducts joint at MP joint
Flexor pollicis brevis: flexes thumb at MP joint
Opponens pollicis: opposition of thumb at CM joint
5 main types of blood vessels
Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Venules Veins
Arteries
Carry blood away from heart
Elastic arteries- more elastic fibers, help propel blood onward while ventricles relax
Muscular arteries- adjust rate of blood flow
Arterioles
Smallest arteries - provide resistance
Capillaries
Tiny blood vessels connect arterioles to venues-thin walls that allow exchange of nutrients and wastes
Venules
Little veins
Collect blood from capillaries and drains into veins
Veins
Carry blood back to heart from tissues
Vessel layers
3
Tunica intima (interna) Tunica media Tunica adventia (externa)
Tunica intima
Innermost layer closest lumen
In arteries endothelium provides smooth lining
IN VEINS ENDOTHELIUM ALSO FORMS SEMILUNAR VALVES (one way blood flow)
Tunica media
Middle layer
Thickest
Smooth muscle tissue sandwiched with a layer of elastic connective tissue
Tunica adventia
Outer layer
Strong, flexible fibrous connective tissues
Arterioles and venules have
3 modified layers
Capillaries have
One thin coat of endothelium
Special vessels
Vasa vasorum
Varicose veins
Anastomosis
Vasa vasorum
Vessels of vessels
Found in large arteries and veins such as aorta and its branches
Provide blood supply and nutrient for tunica adventitia and outer parts of tunica media of large vessels
Varicose veins
Leaking valves back flow of blood
Dilated and twisted
Anastomosis
Union of two or more vessels
Provide alternative routes for blood to reach a tissue or organ in case of damage called collateral circulation
Primary exchange vessels are
Capillaries
Blood flows at slowest rate in the capillaries
Venus return
3
Heart - pressure from contractions of left ventricle
Skeletal muscle pump- contraction of leg muscles “milking” the blood upward by compression
Respiratory pump- compression of abdominal veins during breathing
Capillary exchange
3 types
Diffusion
Pinocytosis
Bulk flow
Diffusion
Water - osmosis
Many substances, oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose
Pinocytosis
Large lipid
Insoluble molecules
Bulk flow
Large amounts of a fluid moving together
Regulation of blood and interstitial fluid via the kidneys
Major blood vessels
Arteries
Ascending aorta - two coronary artery branches
Arch of the aorta - 3 branches -brachiocephalic trunk ( right subclavian and right carotid), left carotid, left subclavian
Descending aorta - thoracic and abdominal aorta
Arteries of the head and neck - carotid artery
Arteries of the extremities and trunk - subclavian artery upper extremity, iliac artery lower extremity
Major blood vessels
Veins
Veins of head and neck- jugular vein
Veins of upper extremities - subclavian vein
Veins of the thorax - iliac vein
Veins of the abdomen - anterior vena cava or abdominal vena cava
Hepatic portal circulation
Veins of the lower extremity
Sapphenous vein - longest vein in the body
Often used for surgical proceedures
