A&P 3.13. digestive system

Question 1

PERONEUS tertius

A, I, O

Answer 1

Proximal: distal 1/3 of fibula

Distal attachment: base of 5th metatarsal bone

Action: assists dorsiflexion and eversion of foot

FIBULARIS

Question 2

Anterior compartment

4 muscles

Answer 2

Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallicis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
PERONEUS tertius

Question 3

Supinator

A, I, O

Answer 3

Proximal attachment : lateral epicondyle of the humerus and proximal ridge of the ulna

Proximal attachment: proximal anterior and lateral surface of the radius

Action: supinates forearm

Question 4

Digestion

Defined

Answer 4

Breaking food down into particles small enough to be used by cells
Both mechanical (mastication, churning of digestive tract) and chemical (bile) digestion

Question 5

Absorption

Answer 5

Transfer of particles (nutrients) into the blood stream

Question 6

Digestive tract structures

Answer 6

GI tract or alimentary canal

Long tube that starts from the mouth and ends at anus

Question 7

Accessory organs

Answer 7

Assist in both mechanical (younger and teeth) and chemical digestion

Question 8

Wall of the GI tract

4 layers

Answer 8

Mucosa
Sub mucosa
Muscular is
Serosa

FROM INSIDE OUT

Question 9

Mucosa

Answer 9

Inner lining
Mucous membrane
Simple squamous epithelial tissue
Indirect contact with contents of GI tract
Contains lamina properia and muscular is mucosae

Question 10

Parts of mucosa

Answer 10

Epithelium
Lamina properia
Muscularis mucosae - thin layer of smooth muscle

Question 11

Submucosa

Answer 11

Areolar connective tissue that binds the mucosa layer to the muscular is layer containing many blood and lymphatic vessels

Question 12

Muscularis

Answer 12

Thick layer of smooth muscle, and has two layers
Inner sheet of circular fibers
Outer sheet of longitudinal fibers

Question 13

Serosa

Answer 13

Outer layer
Part of the visceral peritoneum
Outermost layer of the GI tract below the diaphragm
Simple squamous epithelium and areolar connective tissue
Secretes serous or peritoneal fluid
Allows GI tract to glide easily against other organs

Question 14

Segment of the GI tract

Answer 14

Mouth
Oropharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine

Question 15

Appendix

Answer 15

Attached to the cecum but is more part of the lymphatic system

Question 16

Small intestine portions

Answer 16

Duodenum - most enzymes secreted for digestion
Jejunum
Ileum

Question 17

Large intestine

Answer 17

Cecum
colon (ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid)
Rectum
Anus

Question 18

Accessory structures

5

Answer 18

Teeth & tongue
Salivary glands
Pancreas
Liver
Gall bladder

Question 19

Teeth and tongue

Answer 19

Mechanically begin the process of digestion by breaking down of food/nutrients in the mouth

Question 20

Deglutition

Answer 20

Swallowing

Question 21

Mouth

Answer 21

Oral or buccal cavity

Question 22

Salivary glands

Answer 22

Release saliva that contains amylase

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

Question 23

Amylase

Answer 23

Enzyme that digests carbohydrates only

Question 24

Parotid glands

Answer 24

In the cheek

Question 25

Submandibular

Answer 25

Under the jaw

Question 26

Sublingual

Answer 26

Under the tongue

Question 27

Pancreas

Answer 27

Has both endocrine and exocrine function
Digestive function is to secrete a variety of enzymes (pancreatic juices) into the small intestine and hormones (endocrine - insulin and glucagon) into the blood

Question 28

Liver

Answer 28

Secretes bile into the small intestine and gallbladder

Question 29

Gall bladder

Answer 29

Holds bile to be secreted as needed