A&P 3.13. digestive system Flashcards
PERONEUS tertius
A, I, O
Proximal: distal 1/3 of fibula
Distal attachment: base of 5th metatarsal bone
Action: assists dorsiflexion and eversion of foot
FIBULARIS
Anterior compartment
4 muscles
Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallicis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
PERONEUS tertius
Supinator
A, I, O
Proximal attachment : lateral epicondyle of the humerus and proximal ridge of the ulna
Proximal attachment: proximal anterior and lateral surface of the radius
Action: supinates forearm
Digestion
Defined
Breaking food down into particles small enough to be used by cells Both mechanical (mastication, churning of digestive tract) and chemical (bile) digestion
Absorption
Transfer of particles (nutrients) into the blood stream
Digestive tract structures
GI tract or alimentary canal
Long tube that starts from the mouth and ends at anus
Accessory organs
Assist in both mechanical (younger and teeth) and chemical digestion
Wall of the GI tract
4 layers
Mucosa
Sub mucosa
Muscular is
Serosa
FROM INSIDE OUT
Mucosa
Inner lining
Mucous membrane
Simple squamous epithelial tissue
Indirect contact with contents of GI tract
Contains lamina properia and muscular is mucosae
Parts of mucosa
Epithelium
Lamina properia
Muscularis mucosae - thin layer of smooth muscle
Submucosa
Areolar connective tissue that binds the mucosa layer to the muscular is layer containing many blood and lymphatic vessels
Muscularis
Thick layer of smooth muscle, and has two layers
Inner sheet of circular fibers
Outer sheet of longitudinal fibers
Serosa
Outer layer
Part of the visceral peritoneum
Outermost layer of the GI tract below the diaphragm
Simple squamous epithelium and areolar connective tissue
Secretes serous or peritoneal fluid
Allows GI tract to glide easily against other organs
Segment of the GI tract
Mouth Oropharynx Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine
Appendix
Attached to the cecum but is more part of the lymphatic system
Small intestine portions
Duodenum - most enzymes secreted for digestion
Jejunum
Ileum
Large intestine
Cecum
colon (ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid)
Rectum
Anus
Accessory structures
5
Teeth & tongue Salivary glands Pancreas Liver Gall bladder
Teeth and tongue
Mechanically begin the process of digestion by breaking down of food/nutrients in the mouth
Deglutition
Swallowing
Mouth
Oral or buccal cavity
Salivary glands
Release saliva that contains amylase
Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual
Amylase
Enzyme that digests carbohydrates only
Parotid glands
In the cheek
Submandibular
Under the jaw
Sublingual
Under the tongue
Pancreas
Has both endocrine and exocrine function
Digestive function is to secrete a variety of enzymes (pancreatic juices) into the small intestine and hormones (endocrine - insulin and glucagon) into the blood
Liver
Secretes bile into the small intestine and gallbladder
Gall bladder
Holds bile to be secreted as needed
