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A&P 3 > A&P 3.0 - muscle of the day list - A&P 3 > Flashcards

A&P 3.0 - muscle of the day list - A&P 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Adductor longus

A, I, O

A

Proximal attachment: body of pubis, just below crest

Distal attachment: linea aspera of femur

Action: adduction of hip, assists flexion of hip

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2
Q

Adductor brevis

A, I, O

A

Origin: inferior RAMUS of the pubis

Insertion: upper 1/3 of linea aspera

Action: adducts thigh, flexes thigh, medial rotation of thigh

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3
Q

Adductor Magnus

A 
O: Inferior Ramus of Pubis
 Ischium to Ischial Tuberosity
I: Linea Aspera of femur
A: Adduction & medial rotation of thigh
     Anterior: Flexion of thigh
     Posterior: Extension of thigh
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4
Q

Pectineus

A, I, O

A

ORIGION : crest and superior RAMUS of the pubis

Insertion: pectineal line of femur - between lesser trochanter and linea aspera

Action: adducts and assists in flexion of the femur

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5
Q

Gracillis

A, I, O

A

Origin: inferior RAMUS of the pubis

Insertion: anterior proximal, medial tibia ( pes anserinus)

Action: adduction of the lower extremity, flexion of the knee

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6
Q

Pectinious is

A

Most anterior and most superior of the adductors

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7
Q

Adductor Magnus is

A

deepest

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8
Q

GRACILIS is

A

most medial

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9
Q

Rectus abdominus

A, I, O

A

Superior attachment: xipoid process of sternum, costal cartilage ribs 5-7

Inferior attachments: pubic crest, pubic symphysis

Action: flexion of trunk (spine), posterior tilt of pelvis

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10
Q

Internal obliques

A, I, O

A

ORIGIN: upper portion of inguinal ligament and iliac crest

Insertion: internal surface of lower 3 ribs and linea alba

Action: unilaterally- ipsilateral side-bending and rotation of the trunk

Bilaterally- flexion of trunk, compression of abdominal contents (breathing, coughing, hiccuping, bearing down)

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11
Q

Transverse Abdominus

A 
O: Upper portion of inguinal ligament
     Iliac crest
     thoracolumbar aponeurosis
     lower 6 ribs & costal cartilage
I: linea alba
A: compress the abdominal contents (in breathing, coughing, hiccuping, bearing down to defecate)
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12
Q

Thenar muscles

A

3 muscles around ball of thumb

Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Opponents pollicis

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13
Q

Thenar muscles

O, I, A

A

Origin: scaphoid, trapezium and flexor retinaculum

Insert: flexor/abductor : lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of the thumb
Opponens: lateral side of the 1st metacarpal

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14
Q

Thenar muscles

Action

A

Abductor pollicis brevis: abducts joint at MP joint

Flexor pollicis brevis: flexes thumb at MP joint

Opponens pollicis: opposition of thumb at CM joint

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15
Q

Extensor digitorum

O,I, A

A

Origin: LATERAL epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: proximal, middle (intermediate) and distal phalanges of four fingers (NOT THE THUMB)

Action: extension of the fingers at the interphalangeal joints and the metacarpalophalangeal joints

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16
Q

Occipitofrontalis

A, I , O

A

Superior attachment: galea aponeurotica
Inferior attachment: frontalis - skin over eyebrows
Occipitalis- superior nuchal line of the occiput
Action - frontalis - raises eyebrows and wrinkles forehead
Occipitalis - anchors and retracts the galea posteriorly

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17
Q

Galea aponeurotica

A

Sheet like tissue over top of skull

Connects frontalis to occipitalis

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18
Q

Hypothenar muscles

3

A

Abductor digiti minimi - superficial
Flexor digiti minimi brevis - medial
Opponens digiti minimi - deep

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19
Q

Hypothernar eminence

A

Ulnar side of the palm
Formed by three muscles
Opposite side of the thenar

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20
Q

Abductor digiti minimi

A, I, o

A

Action - abducts the little finger (5th finger) at the MP joint, assists in opposition of the 5th finger towards the thumb
Proximal attachment -Pisiform, hamate and flexor retinaculum
Insertion - base of proximal phalange of 5th finger

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21
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

A, I, o

A

Action - Flexes small short finger (5th finger) at the MP joint, assists in opposition of the 5th finger toward the joint
Proximal attachment -Pisiform, hamate and flexor retinaculum
Insertion - base of proximal phalange of 5th finger

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22
Q

Opponens digiti minimi

A

Action - Opposes 5th finger at the CM joint

Proximal attachment -Pisiform, hamate and flexor retinaculum

Insertion - shaft of the 5th metacarpal

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23
Q

All three have same proximal attachment

A

Pisiform, hamate and flexor retinaculum

2 most anteromedial metacarpals

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24
Q

Popliteus

A, O, I

A

Origin: lateral condyle of the femur

Insertion: posterior proximal tibia - above soleal line

Action: unlocks knee to permit flexion

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25
Q

Deepest muscle of the posterior knee

A

Popliteus

26
Q

Plantaris

A, I, o

A

Sole of the foot

Origin: lateral super condylar ridge of the femur

Insertion: via a long tendon that attaches to the medial Achilles’ tendon and deep fascia of the ankle

Action: assists in plantar flexion of ankle

Runs oblique from lateral to medial

27
Q

Longest tendon in the body

A

Plantaris

Short muscle belly but longest tendon in the body

28
Q

Transversospinalis

A

Multifidi
Rotatores

Deep to the erector spinalis muscles
Transverse to spinous
Rotatores are the deepest

29
Q

Multifidi

A

Attachment: sacrum and transverse process of the lumbar through cervical vertebrae

Superior attachment: spinous process of lumbar vertebrae through second cervical vertebrae - span 2-4 vertebrae

Action: unilaterally - rotate vertebral column to opposite side

30
Q

Rotatores

A

Attachment : transverse processes of the lumbar through cervical vertebrae

Superior attachment: spinous process of lumbar vertebrae through second cervical vertebrae - span 1-2 vertebrae

Action: unilaterally - rotate vertebral column to opposite side
Bilaterally - extend vertebral column

31
Q

Peroneal muscles also known as

A

Fibularis

31
Q

PERONEUS brevis

A, I ,O

A

Origin: distal 2/3 lateral fibula

Insertion: base of the 5th metatarsal

Action: plantar-flexion and eversion of foot

COULD BE FIBULARIS PERONEUS BREVIS

32
Q

Diaphragm

A, I, O

A

Origin: inner surface of lower 6 ribs, upper 2 or 3 lumbar vertebrae, inner aspect of xipoid process

Insertion: central tendon (penetrated by aorta, vena cava and esophagus

Action: inspiration - elevates and expands lower costal margin and lower ribs, depresses central tendon and the two muscle domes, increasing volume of the thoracic cavity during inhalation

33
Q

Diaphragm penetrated by

A

Aorta
Vena cava
Esophagus

34
Q

Serratus posterior

A, I, O

A

Medial attachment: superior - spinous process C6 or 7 to T1 or 2; inferior - spinous process of T 10, 11, or 12 to L1, 2

Lateral attachment: superior - lateral side of angles of ribs 2-5; inferior- lower border of ribs 9-12

Action - superior - raises 2-5th ribs to ASSIST inhalation; inferior - draws lower ribs back and down

35
Q

Scalenes

A

Anterior
Middle
Posterior

36
Q

Anterior scalenes

A, I, O

A

Superior attachment - front of TP C3-C6

Inferior attachment - inner, upper edge of first rib

Action - lateral flexion of the neck, flexion

37
Q

Middle scalenes

A,I, O

A

Superior attachment - back of TP C2-C7

Inferior attachment - outer, upper edge of first rib

Action - lateral flexion of the neck

38
Q

Posterior scalenes

A, I, O

A

Superior attachment - back of TP C5, or C6, C7

Inferior attachment - lateral surface of 2nd, sometimes 3rd rib

Action - lateral flexion of the neck

39
Q

Intercostals

A, I, O

A

Superior attachment: external/internal - inferior border of rib above

Inferior attachment: external/internal - superior border of rib below

Actions:

External - assist inspiration by contracting
Internal - assist expiration by contracting

40
Q

Supinator

A, I, O

A

Proximal attachment : lateral epicondyle of the humerus and proximal ridge of the ulna

Proximal attachment: proximal anterior and lateral surface of the radius

Action: supinates forearm

41
Q

Flexor digitorum superficials

A, I, O

A

Origin: common flexor tendon of medial epicondyle, ulnar collateral ligament, coronoid process ulna, interosseous membrane and proximal shaft of the radius

Insertion: sides of middle phalanges of 2-5 fingers

Action: flex 2-5 fingers (MC and interphalangeal joints) and flex wrist

42
Q

Flexor digitorum profundis

A, I, O

A

Origin: anterior and medial surface of the proximal 3/4 of ulna

Insertion: bases of distal phalanges, Palmer surface of 2-5 fingers

Action: flexion of 2-5 fingers (MC & distal interphalangeal joints) assists in wrist flexion

DEEPEST MUSCLE of flexors
Pronator quadratus is the deepest of all

43
Q

Anterior compartment

4 muscles

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallicis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
PERONEUS tertius

44
Q

Extensor hallicis longus

A, I, O

A

Origin: anteromedial surface of the fibula and interosseous membrane

Insertion: base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallicis)

Action: extension/dorsiflexion the big toe

45
Q

Extensor digitorum longus

A, I , O

A

Origin: lateral condyle of tibia and superior 2/3 anterior margin of fibula

Insertion: by four tendons to dorsal surface of bases of proximal, middle, and digital phalanges of toes 2-5

Action: extension/dorsiflexion of the 4 lateral toes

46
Q

PERONEUS tertius

A, I, O

A

Proximal: distal 1/3 of fibula

Distal attachment: base of 5th metatarsal bone

Action: assists dorsiflexion and eversion of foot

FIBULARIS

47
Q

Lateral compartment

A

PERONEUS longus

48
Q

PERONEUS longus

A, I, O

A

Origin: proximal 2/3 lateral fibula and head of the fibula

Insertion: base of the first metatarsal and medial cuniform

Action: plantar-flexion and eversion of foot

49
Q

posterior compartment

A

Gastrocnemius

Soleus

50
Q

Deep posterior compartment

A

Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Tibialis posterior

51
Q

Flexor digitorum longus

A, I ,O

A

Origin: middle 1/3 posterior tibia

Insertion: by 4 tendons to base of distal phalanges toes 2-5

Action: flexes toes 2-5, assists plantar flexion and inversion

52
Q

Flexor hallicis longus

A, I, O

A

Origin: lower 2/3 posterior fibula

Insertion: distal phalanx, great toe

Action: flexes great toe, assists plantarflexion and inversion
HALLUCIS STARTS MOST LATERAL AND ENDS UP MOST MEDIAL

53
Q

Tibialis posterior

A, I, O

A

Origin: interosseous membrane and inner border of fibula and fibula

Insertion: most of the tarsals ( NOT CALCANEUS, TALUS OR MIDDLE/INTERMEDIATE CUNEIFORM) and the 3rd and 4th metatarsals

Action: plantarflexion, inversion

54
Q

Suboccipital muscles

4

A

Rectus CAPITIS posterior major
Rectus CAPITIS posterior minor
Obliquus CAPITIS superior
Obliquus CAPITIS inferior

Deepest muscles in the neck

55
Q

Rectus CAPITIS posterior major

A,I,o

A

Origin: spinous process axis (c2)

Insertion: inferior nuchal line of occiput

Action: all contribute to neck extension (postural), rock and tilt head into extension, rotate head to same side

56
Q

Rectus CAPITIS posterior minor

A

Origin: tubercle of posterior arch of atlas (c1)

Insertion: inferior nuchal line of occiput

Action: all contribute to neck extension (postural), rock and tilt head into extension
Superior to major

57
Q

Obliquuis CAPITIS superior

A,I, o

A

Origin: transverse process of atlas (c1)

Insertion: between nuchal lines of occiput

Action: all contribute to neck extension (postural), rock and tilt head into extension, laterally flexes to same side

58
Q

Obloquus CAPITIS inferior

A, I, o

A

Origin: spinous process of axis (c2)

Insertion: transverse process of the atlas (c1)

Action: all contribute to neck extension (postural), rotate head to same side

59
Q

Pronation teres

A, I, O

A

Origin: common flexor tendon (medial epicondyle of the humerus and coronoid process of ulna

Insertion: middle of lateral surface of radius

Action: pronate forearm, assists elbow flexion

MATCHED TO SUPINATOR IN SIZE AND OPPOSING ACTION

60
Q

Pronator quadratus

A

Origin: medial, anterior distal 1/4th surface of the ulna

Insertion: lateral, anterior distal 1/4th of radius

Action: pronate forearm

61
Q

Medial to lateral forearm muscles

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi radialis
Pronation teres

A&P 3 (18 decks)

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